To clarify the relationship between externally solidified crystals(ESCs)and other defects,e.g.,defect bands and pores,two dimensional(2D)and three dimensional(3D)characterization methods were adopted to analyze castin...To clarify the relationship between externally solidified crystals(ESCs)and other defects,e.g.,defect bands and pores,two dimensional(2D)and three dimensional(3D)characterization methods were adopted to analyze castings produced using a modified ingate system equipped with and without an ESC collector.The reduction of ESCs strongly reduced defect band width and shrinkage pore quantity.By reducing the quantity and size of ESCs,net-shrinkage pores were transformed into isolated island-shrinkage pores.We determined via statistical analysis that the mechanical properties of high pressure die castings were strongly related to the size and fraction of the ESCs rather than porosity volume.The reduction of ESCs also caused tensile transgranular fracture modes to transform into intergranular fracture modes.Additionally,casting pressurization strongly reduced pore morphology,volume,and size.展开更多
This study investigated the seasonal variation in the atmospheric response to oceanic mesoscale eddies in the North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent(STCC)and its mechanism,based on satellite altimetric and reanalysi...This study investigated the seasonal variation in the atmospheric response to oceanic mesoscale eddies in the North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent(STCC)and its mechanism,based on satellite altimetric and reanalysis datasets.Although mesoscale eddy in the study area is more active in summer,the sea surface temperature(SST)anomaly associated with mesoscale eddies is more intense and dipolar in winter,which is largely due to the larger background SST gradient.Similarly,the impact of the oceanic eddy on sea surface wind speed and heat flux is strongest in winter,whereas its effect on precipitation rate is more significant in summer.The study revealed that the SST gradient in STCC could impact the atmosphere layer by up to 800 h Pa(900 h Pa)in boreal winter(summer)through the dominant vertical mixing mechanism.Moreover,the intensity of the SST gradient causes such seasonal variation in mesoscale air-sea coupling in the study region.In brief,a stronger(weaker)background SST gradient field in wintertime(summertime)leads to a larger(smaller)eddy-induced SST anomaly,thus differently impacting atmosphere instability and transitional kinetic energy flux over oceanic eddies,leading to seasonal variation in mesoscale air-sea coupling intensity.展开更多
AgNbO_(3)based antiferroelectric(AFE)ceramics have large maximum polarization and low remanent polarization,and thus are important candidates for fabricating dielectric capacitors.However,their energy storage performa...AgNbO_(3)based antiferroelectric(AFE)ceramics have large maximum polarization and low remanent polarization,and thus are important candidates for fabricating dielectric capacitors.However,their energy storage performances have been still large difference with those of lead-based AFEs because of their room-temperature ferrielectric(FIE)behavior.In this study,novel La^(3+)and Ta^(5+)co-substituted AgNbO_(3)ceramics are designed and developed.The introduction of La^(3+)and Ta^(5+)decreases the tolerance factor,reduces the polarizability of B-site cations and increases local structure heterogeneity of AgNbO_(3),which enhance AFE phase stability and refine polarization-electric field(PeE)loops.Besides,adding La^(3+)and Ta^(5+)into AgNbO_(3)ceramics causes the decrease of the grain sizes and the increase of the band gap,which contribute to increased Eb.As a consequence,a high recoverable energy density of 6.79 J/cm3 and large efficiency of 82.1%,which exceed those of many recently reported AgNbO_(3)based ceramics in terms of overall energy storage properties,are obtained in(Ag0.88La0.04)(Nb0.96Ta0.04)O_(3)ceramics.Furthermore,the discharge properties of the ceramic with discharge time of 16 ns and power density of 145.03 MW/cm3 outperform those of many lead-free dielectric ceramics.展开更多
In-silico clearing enables deep optical imaging of biological samples by correcting image blur caused by scattering and aberration.This breakthrough method offers researchers unprecedented insights into three-dimensio...In-silico clearing enables deep optical imaging of biological samples by correcting image blur caused by scattering and aberration.This breakthrough method offers researchers unprecedented insights into three-dimensional biological systems,with enormous potential for advancing biology and medicine to better understand living organisms and human health.展开更多
Based on the principle of Lorentz force induced acoustic vibration, radiation theory comparison between acoustic point and dipole sources was conducted for magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction(MAT-MI). I...Based on the principle of Lorentz force induced acoustic vibration, radiation theory comparison between acoustic point and dipole sources was conducted for magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction(MAT-MI). It is proved that each acoustic source of MATMI is produced by the divergence of the magnetically induced Lorentz force, and the detected acoustic pressure is the integral of all diffraction sources inside the object.Wave clusters are produced by abrupt pressure changes at conductivity boundaries, and only the configurations in terms of shape and size of phantom models can be reconstructed. However, different from point source, positive and negative pressures are generated by the radiation pattern of dipole sources. Reverse vibration phases of wave clusters in collected waveforms and opposite polarities of borderline stripes in reconstructed images are produced at conductivity boundaries, representing the direction of conductivity changes. The experimentally collected waveforms and reconstructed images of the aluminum foil cylinder and cylindrical saline gel phantom model agree well with simulated results. The favorable results prove the validity of the radiation theory of acoustic dipole source and provide basis for further investigation of conductivity reconstruction for MAT-MI.展开更多
The physical mechanism of the dynamics in laser–material interaction has been an important research area.In addition to theoretical analysis,direct imaging‐based observation of ultrafast dynamic processes is an impo...The physical mechanism of the dynamics in laser–material interaction has been an important research area.In addition to theoretical analysis,direct imaging‐based observation of ultrafast dynamic processes is an important approach to understand many fundamental issues in laser–material interaction such as inertial confinement fusion(ICF),laser accelerator construction,and advanced laser production.In this review,the principles and applications of three types of commonly used ultrafast imaging methods are introduced,including the pump–probe,X‐ray diagnosis,and single‐shot optical burst imaging.We focus on the technical features such as the spatial and temporal resolution for each technique,and present several conventional applications.展开更多
Background.There is growing evidence that social and behavioral determinants of health(SBDH)play a substantial effect in a wide range of health outcomes.Electronic health records(EHRs)have been widely employed to cond...Background.There is growing evidence that social and behavioral determinants of health(SBDH)play a substantial effect in a wide range of health outcomes.Electronic health records(EHRs)have been widely employed to conduct observational studies in the age of artificial intelligence(AI).However,there has been limited review into how to make the most of SBDH information from EHRs using AI approaches.Methods.A systematic search was conducted in six databases to find relevant peer-reviewed publications that had recently been published.Relevance was determined by screening and evaluating the articles.Based on selected relevant studies,a methodological analysis of AI algorithms leveraging SBDH information in EHR data was provided.Results.Our synthesis was driven by an analysis of SBDH categories,the relationship between SBDH and healthcare-related statuses,natural language processing(NLP)approaches for extracting SBDH from clinical notes,and predictive models using SBDH for health outcomes.Discussion.The associations between SBDH and health outcomes are complicated and diverse;several pathways may be involved.Using NLP technology to support the extraction of SBDH and other clinical ideas simplifies the identification and extraction of essential concepts from clinical data,efficiently unlocks unstructured data,and aids in the resolution of unstructured data-related issues.Conclusion.Despite known associations between SBDH and diseases,SBDH factors are rarely investigated as interventions to improve patient outcomes.Gaining knowledge about SBDH and how SBDH data can be collected from EHRs using NLP approaches and predictive models improves the chances of influencing health policy change for patient wellness,ultimately promoting health and health equity.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175284)the State Key Lab of Advanced Metals and Materials in University of Science and Technology Beijing(No.2021-ZD08)。
文摘To clarify the relationship between externally solidified crystals(ESCs)and other defects,e.g.,defect bands and pores,two dimensional(2D)and three dimensional(3D)characterization methods were adopted to analyze castings produced using a modified ingate system equipped with and without an ESC collector.The reduction of ESCs strongly reduced defect band width and shrinkage pore quantity.By reducing the quantity and size of ESCs,net-shrinkage pores were transformed into isolated island-shrinkage pores.We determined via statistical analysis that the mechanical properties of high pressure die castings were strongly related to the size and fraction of the ESCs rather than porosity volume.The reduction of ESCs also caused tensile transgranular fracture modes to transform into intergranular fracture modes.Additionally,casting pressurization strongly reduced pore morphology,volume,and size.
基金The Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation under contract No.ZR2021YQ28the Provincial College Student Innovation Training Project under contract No.S202110446040。
文摘This study investigated the seasonal variation in the atmospheric response to oceanic mesoscale eddies in the North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent(STCC)and its mechanism,based on satellite altimetric and reanalysis datasets.Although mesoscale eddy in the study area is more active in summer,the sea surface temperature(SST)anomaly associated with mesoscale eddies is more intense and dipolar in winter,which is largely due to the larger background SST gradient.Similarly,the impact of the oceanic eddy on sea surface wind speed and heat flux is strongest in winter,whereas its effect on precipitation rate is more significant in summer.The study revealed that the SST gradient in STCC could impact the atmosphere layer by up to 800 h Pa(900 h Pa)in boreal winter(summer)through the dominant vertical mixing mechanism.Moreover,the intensity of the SST gradient causes such seasonal variation in mesoscale air-sea coupling in the study region.In brief,a stronger(weaker)background SST gradient field in wintertime(summertime)leads to a larger(smaller)eddy-induced SST anomaly,thus differently impacting atmosphere instability and transitional kinetic energy flux over oceanic eddies,leading to seasonal variation in mesoscale air-sea coupling intensity.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFB1503500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51872079,52172113)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Grant Nos.2019CFA006,2019CFA055)the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Team in Colleges of Hubei Province(T201901).
文摘AgNbO_(3)based antiferroelectric(AFE)ceramics have large maximum polarization and low remanent polarization,and thus are important candidates for fabricating dielectric capacitors.However,their energy storage performances have been still large difference with those of lead-based AFEs because of their room-temperature ferrielectric(FIE)behavior.In this study,novel La^(3+)and Ta^(5+)co-substituted AgNbO_(3)ceramics are designed and developed.The introduction of La^(3+)and Ta^(5+)decreases the tolerance factor,reduces the polarizability of B-site cations and increases local structure heterogeneity of AgNbO_(3),which enhance AFE phase stability and refine polarization-electric field(PeE)loops.Besides,adding La^(3+)and Ta^(5+)into AgNbO_(3)ceramics causes the decrease of the grain sizes and the increase of the band gap,which contribute to increased Eb.As a consequence,a high recoverable energy density of 6.79 J/cm3 and large efficiency of 82.1%,which exceed those of many recently reported AgNbO_(3)based ceramics in terms of overall energy storage properties,are obtained in(Ag0.88La0.04)(Nb0.96Ta0.04)O_(3)ceramics.Furthermore,the discharge properties of the ceramic with discharge time of 16 ns and power density of 145.03 MW/cm3 outperform those of many lead-free dielectric ceramics.
文摘In-silico clearing enables deep optical imaging of biological samples by correcting image blur caused by scattering and aberration.This breakthrough method offers researchers unprecedented insights into three-dimensional biological systems,with enormous potential for advancing biology and medicine to better understand living organisms and human health.
基金supported in part by the National Basic Research Program (2011CB707900) from Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China (11274176)
文摘Based on the principle of Lorentz force induced acoustic vibration, radiation theory comparison between acoustic point and dipole sources was conducted for magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction(MAT-MI). It is proved that each acoustic source of MATMI is produced by the divergence of the magnetically induced Lorentz force, and the detected acoustic pressure is the integral of all diffraction sources inside the object.Wave clusters are produced by abrupt pressure changes at conductivity boundaries, and only the configurations in terms of shape and size of phantom models can be reconstructed. However, different from point source, positive and negative pressures are generated by the radiation pattern of dipole sources. Reverse vibration phases of wave clusters in collected waveforms and opposite polarities of borderline stripes in reconstructed images are produced at conductivity boundaries, representing the direction of conductivity changes. The experimentally collected waveforms and reconstructed images of the aluminum foil cylinder and cylindrical saline gel phantom model agree well with simulated results. The favorable results prove the validity of the radiation theory of acoustic dipole source and provide basis for further investigation of conductivity reconstruction for MAT-MI.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51727901,61905182,62075200The Hubei Provincial Major Program of Technological Innovation,Grant/Award Number:2017AAA121+7 种基金The Key Research and Development Program of Hubei province,Grant/Award Number:2020BAB005Wuhan Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology JSPS Core‐to‐Core Program White Rock Foundationsupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51727901,61905182,62075200)the Hubei Provincial Major Program of Technological Innovation(No.2017AAA121)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei province(No.2020BAB005)Wuhan Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced TechnologyJSPS Core‐to‐Core Programthe White Rock Foundation.
文摘The physical mechanism of the dynamics in laser–material interaction has been an important research area.In addition to theoretical analysis,direct imaging‐based observation of ultrafast dynamic processes is an important approach to understand many fundamental issues in laser–material interaction such as inertial confinement fusion(ICF),laser accelerator construction,and advanced laser production.In this review,the principles and applications of three types of commonly used ultrafast imaging methods are introduced,including the pump–probe,X‐ray diagnosis,and single‐shot optical burst imaging.We focus on the technical features such as the spatial and temporal resolution for each technique,and present several conventional applications.
基金RZ was partially supported by the National Institutions of Health’s National Center for Complementary&Integrative Health(NCCIH)the Office of Dietary Supplements(ODS)and National Institute on Aging(NIA)grant number R01AT009457(PI:Zhang).
文摘Background.There is growing evidence that social and behavioral determinants of health(SBDH)play a substantial effect in a wide range of health outcomes.Electronic health records(EHRs)have been widely employed to conduct observational studies in the age of artificial intelligence(AI).However,there has been limited review into how to make the most of SBDH information from EHRs using AI approaches.Methods.A systematic search was conducted in six databases to find relevant peer-reviewed publications that had recently been published.Relevance was determined by screening and evaluating the articles.Based on selected relevant studies,a methodological analysis of AI algorithms leveraging SBDH information in EHR data was provided.Results.Our synthesis was driven by an analysis of SBDH categories,the relationship between SBDH and healthcare-related statuses,natural language processing(NLP)approaches for extracting SBDH from clinical notes,and predictive models using SBDH for health outcomes.Discussion.The associations between SBDH and health outcomes are complicated and diverse;several pathways may be involved.Using NLP technology to support the extraction of SBDH and other clinical ideas simplifies the identification and extraction of essential concepts from clinical data,efficiently unlocks unstructured data,and aids in the resolution of unstructured data-related issues.Conclusion.Despite known associations between SBDH and diseases,SBDH factors are rarely investigated as interventions to improve patient outcomes.Gaining knowledge about SBDH and how SBDH data can be collected from EHRs using NLP approaches and predictive models improves the chances of influencing health policy change for patient wellness,ultimately promoting health and health equity.
