Co-alteration of Myc and RTK-RAS pathways defines a liver-metastatic propensity and immune-cold subgroup of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Co-altered pathways refer to the phenomenon where multiple biological pathways exhibit aberrant changes simultaneously within the same tumor sample.This phenomenon can facilitate a better understanding of the mechanism and evolution of tumors and serve as a biological marker for diagnosing,classifying,and treating tumors.1 However,the nature of alteration occurrence and the impact on pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PAAD)remain elusive.The SELECT algorithm was originally designed to systematically assess the evolutionary dependencies and their impact between altered genes in cancer for anticipating drug resistance and proposing alternative strategies.Here,to better characterize the etiology of PAAD and develop an improved risk assessment strategy,2 by utilizing SELECT,we identified a co-altered pathway subgroup of PAAD that demonstrated an elevated risk for unfavorable prognosis,a propensity for liver metastasis,and an immunologically cold microenvironment.

盘钻法经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升术应用于上颌窦间隔的临床效果观察

目的探讨存在上颌窦间隔时应用盘钻法经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升术的临床效果。方法收集2019年1月至2020年1月就诊于青岛大学附属医院口腔种植科,存在上颌窦间隔应用盘钻法经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升术同期种植的病例(24例,女性14例,男性10例),年龄(39.3±11.7)岁(22~56岁)。术后6~8个月行永久修复,根据上颌窦间隔位置分为E类(颧牙槽嵴之前)、M类(颧牙槽嵴之后)和D类(近远中走向)。术前、术后即刻、6个月、1年、2年拍摄锥形束CT。测量术前上颌窦底剩余骨高度(residual bone height,RBH),术后即刻、6个月、1年、2年测量上颌窦底垂直骨高度(vertical bone height,VBH)。统计黏膜穿孔率、种植体存留率。结果24例患者均成功完成手术,共植入种植体24枚,患者均无头痛头晕等不适,黏膜穿孔率为0(0/24),种植体的愈合期内存留率为100%(24/24)。术前RBH为(5.26±1.90)mm;术后即刻、6个月、1年、2年的VBH分别为(11.82±1.09)、(10.98±0.52)、(10.66±0.44)和(10.40±0.33)mm,不同观测点的VBH差异有统计学意义(F=187.70,P<0.001)。但术后2年与术后1年的VBH比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.071)。1例患者在术后18个月出现种植体周炎。结论在种植位点RBH>2 mm且存在上颌窦间隔时,使用盘钻经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升术同期种植的患者均未发生黏膜穿孔,成功率高,可获得足够骨高度并完成同期种植,术后2年与术后1年比较未发生明显的骨吸收改建,骨结合形成良好,操作安全可控。

Immunosenescence:molecular mechanisms and diseases

Infection susceptibility,poor vaccination efficacy,age-related disease onset,and neoplasms are linked to innate and adaptive immune dysfunction that accompanies aging(known as immunosenescence).During aging,organisms tend to develop a characteristic inflammatory state that expresses high levels of pro-inflammatory markers,termed inflammaging.This chronic inflammation is a typical phenomenon linked to immunosenescence and it is considered the major risk factor for age-related diseases.Thymic involution,naïve/memory cell ratio imbalance,dysregulated metabolism,and epigenetic alterations are striking features of immunosenescence.Disturbed T-cell pools and chronic antigen stimulation mediate premature senescence of immune cells,and senescent immune cells develop a proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype that exacerbates inflammaging.Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be addressed,it is well documented that senescent T cells and inflammaging might be major driving forces in immunosenescence.Potential counteractive measures will be discussed,including intervention of cellular senescence and metabolic-epigenetic axes to mitigate immunosenescence.In recent years,immunosenescence has attracted increasing attention for its role in tumor development.As a result of the limited participation of elderly patients,the impact of immunosenescence on cancer immunotherapy is unclear.Despite some surprising results from clinical trials and drugs,it is necessary to investigate the role of immunosenescence in cancer and other age-related diseases.

Surface modification of phosphate ion to promote photocatalytic recovery of precious metals

Photocatalytic recovery,a novel precious metal recycling technology,dedicates to solving the environmental and energy consumption problems caused by traditional technologies.The activation of molecular oxygen (O_(2)) is one of the most critical steps in the whole process.Herein,we regulated the different adsorption intensity of oxygen on the surface by designing phosphate (PO_(4)^(3-)) modified titanium oxide(TiO_(2)).The results show that the adsorption of oxygen on the photocatalyst surface is gradually enhanced,which effectively improves the dissolution rate of precious metals.PO_(4)^(3-)modification increased the photocatalytic dissolution rate of gold (Au) by 2.8 times.The photocatalytic activity of other precious metals dissolution (such as palladium (Pd),platinum (Pt),rhodium (Rh),ruthenium (Ru) and iridium (Ir)) was also significantly improved.It is applied to the recovery of precious metals from spent catalysts and electronic devices to significantly promote the recovery efficiency.This indicates the direction for designing more efficient photocatalysts for precious metal recovery.

Characterization, treatment and releases of PBDEs and PAHs in a typical municipal sewage treatment plant situated beside an urban river, East China

Characterization, treatment and releases of eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) congeners and sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wastewater were evaluated along the treatment processes of a typical secondary treatment municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) (in Hefei City) situated the beside Nanfei River, East China. The findings showed that the average concentrations of the total PBDEs in raw wastewater and treated effluent were 188.578 and 36.884 ng/L respectively. Brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) 209 congener, the predominant PBDE in the STP and Nanfei River, could be related to the discharge of car-industry-derived wastes. For PAHs, the average concentrations in raw wastewater and treated effluent were 5758.8 and 2240.4 ng/L respectively, with naphthalene, benzo[a]pyrene and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene being detected at the highest concentrations. PAHs mainly originate from the combustion of biomass/coal and petroleum. The STP reduced about 80% of the PBDEs and 61% of the PAHs, which were eliminated mainly by sedimentation processes. The removal rates of PBDEs/PAHs increased with the increase of their solid-water partitioning coefficients. Accordingly, the STP's effluent, containing some PBDE congeners (e.g., BDE 47, 99 and 209, etc.) and low-molecular-weight PAHs, could be an important contributor of these contaminants' input to Nanfei River. It resulted in a significant increase of PBDE/PAH concentrations and PAH toxicological risk in the river water downstream. About 4.040 kg/yr of PBDEs and 245.324 kg/yr of PAHs could be released into the Nanfei River. The current conventional wastewater treatment processes should be improved to remove the relatively low-molecular-weight PBDEs/PAHs more effectively.