Dissecting the association between gut microbiota,body mass index and specific depressive symptoms:a mediation Mendelian randomisation study

Background Observational studies highlight the association between gut microbiota(GM)composition and depression;however,evidence for the causal relationship between GM and specific depressive symptoms remains lacking.Aims We aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between GM and specific depressive symptoms as well as the mediating role of body mass index(BMI).Methods We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomisation(MR)analysis using genetic variants associated with GM and specific depressive symptoms from genome-wide association studies.The mediating role of BMI was subsequently explored using mediation analysis via two-step MR.Results MR evidence suggested the Bifidobacterium genus(β=0.03;95%CI-0.05 to-0.02;p<0.001 andβ=0.03;95%CI-0.05 to-0.02;p<0.001)and Actinobacteria phylum(β=-0.04;95%CI-0.06 to-0.02;p<0.001 andβ=-0.03;95%CI-0.05 to-0.03;p=0.001)had protective effects on both anhedonia and depressed mood.The Actinobacteria phylum also had protective effects on appetite changes(β=-0.04;95%CI-0.06 to-0.01;p=0.005),while the FamilyⅪhad an antiprotective effect(β=0.03;95%CI 0.01 to 0.04;p<0.001).The Bifidobacteriaceae family(β=-0.01;95%CI-0.02 to-0.01;p=0.001)and Actinobacteria phylum(β=-0.02;95%CI-0.03 to-0.01;p=0.001)showed protective effects against suicidality.The two-step MR analysis revealed that BMl also acted as a mediating moderator between the Actinobacteria phylum and appetite changes(mediated proportion,34.42%)and that BMI partially mediated the effect of the Bifidobacterium genus(14.14%and 8.05%)and Actinobacteria phylum(13.10%and 8.31%)on both anhedonia and depressed mood.Conclusions These findings suggest a potential therapeutic effect of Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium on both depression and obesity.Further studies are required to translate these findings into clinical practice.

数字化转型背景下我国教育评价政策演进之路——基于21世纪我国154项政策文本的分析

教育评价是教育发展的指挥棒,是教育改革的“引擎”,与教育事业的发展方向与发展速度息息相关。随着智能技术与教育融合不断深入,教育评价迎来智慧转型的重要契机。基于21世纪与教育评价相关的154项国家政策,利用ROSTCM6与SPSS26工具进行文本聚类分析,获取不同时期教育评价政策聚焦点,深度剖析国家教育评价改革总方向、总目标与总要求。遵循“政策源由——实际问题与发展困难”“政策积累——政策主体扩大与专家意见”“政策动因——国家需要与民众需求”“政策形成——意见聚合与政策契机”的政策议程思路,捕捉政策发展的内在机理与深层逻辑。教育评价转型具有系统性与可操作性,由此从“厘清智能评价边界,强调评价育人导向”“创新智能评价方法,形成立体评价范式”“重构评价标准体系,击破‘五唯’顽瘴痼疾”“加速教育新基建进程,实现智能全息评价”“提升师生评价素养,组建专业评价队伍”“智能运用评价结果,发挥评价服务功能”六大方面提出教育评价发展策略,探讨其变革转型的有效路径,驱动教育高质量发展。

Automated Segmentation of the Brainstem,Cranial Nerves and Vessels for Trigeminal Neuralgia and Hemifacial Spasm

Accurate localization of cranial nerves and responsible blood vessels is important for diagnosing trigeminal neuralgia(TN)and hemifacial spasm(HFS).Manual delineation of the nerves and vessels on medical images is time-consuming and labor-intensive.Due to the development of convolutional neural networks(CNNs),the performance of medical image segmentation has been improved.In this work,we investigate the plans for automated segmentation of cranial nerves and responsible vessels for TN and HFS,which has not been comprehensively studied before.Different inputs are given to the CNN to find the best training configuration of segmenting trigeminal nerves,facial nerves,responsible vessels and brainstem,including the image modality and the number of segmentation targets.According to multiple experiments with seven training plans,we suggest training with the combination of three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition(3D-FIESTA)and three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography(3DTOF-MRA),and separate segmentation of cranial nerves and vessels.

Analysis of Intelligent Construction Technology of Building Prefabricated Components Based on BIM

In this paper,the intelligent construction of prefabricated components is analyzed based on building information modeling(BIM).It includes an overview of BIM-based prefabricated components and intelligent construction,intelligent production lines in BIM-based intelligent construction systems,and analysis of the application of intelligent manufacturing in BIM-based prefabricated components.It was found that the determination of construction goals,the establishment of intelligent construction systems,and the application of intelligent construction systems are all areas that need to be emphasized in producing prefabricated building components through intelligent construction.It is hoped that this analysis can provide some reference for the application of intelligent construction and the improvement of the quality of prefabricated building components.

Countermeasures of“Post-Course Competition Certificate”Mode to Promote Innovation and Reform of BIM Course in Vocational Colleges

The model of“post-course competition certificate”can be the basic model of Building Information Modeling(BIM)course teaching in vocational colleges in the new era,and many vocational colleges have also made attempts to construct and apply this model in BIM courses and other professional courses.Based on the application of methods such as literature review and observation,it can be found that it is highly feasible in theory and practice to promote the innovation and reform of BIM curriculum based on this model.However,there are more influencing factors at the practical level,which can easily lead to some problems.In this paper,we will analyze the corresponding problems and put forward a more effective reform strategy of BIM course education innovation in combination with reality.

Research on Developing BIM Intelligent Construction Programs Based on Application- Oriented Talent Cultivation

Cultivating application-oriented talents have become essential in vocational and higher education.This concept also applies to BIM intelligent construction programs.Based on literature review and general observations,we analyzed the connotation,key points,and value of developing a BIM intelligent construction program based on application-oriented talent cultivation.We also identified problems in the development of the program such as lack of comprehensive planning and the school being the sole authority in program development.Therefore,we proposed several strategies to address these problems,including systematic program development planning and fostering a multi-faceted partnership between schools and the industry.The goal is to provide valuable insights for the development of relevant programs in the new era.

A Multi-Feature Weighting Based K-Means Algorithm for MOOC Learner Classification

Massive open online courses(MOOC)have recently gained worldwide attention in the field of education.The manner of MOOC provides a new option for learning various kinds of knowledge.A mass of data miming algorithms have been proposed to analyze the learner’s characteristics and classify the learners into different groups.However,most current algorithms mainly focus on the final grade of the learners,which may result in an improper classification.To overcome the shortages of the existing algorithms,a novel multi-feature weighting based K-means(MFWK-means)algorithm is proposed in this paper.Correlations between the widely used feature grade and other features are first investigated,and then the learners are classified based on their grades and weighted features with the proposed MFWK-means algorithm.Experimental results with the Canvas Network Person-Course(CNPC)dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.Moreover,a comparison between the new MFWK-means and the traditional K-means clustering algorithm is implemented to show the superiority of the proposed method.

MOOC Learner’s Final Grade Prediction Based on an Improved Random Forests Method

Massive Open Online Course(MOOC)has become a popular way of online learning used across the world by millions of people.Meanwhile,a vast amount of information has been collected from the MOOC learners and institutions.Based on the educational data,a lot of researches have been investigated for the prediction of the MOOC learner’s final grade.However,there are still two problems in this research field.The first problem is how to select the most proper features to improve the prediction accuracy,and the second problem is how to use or modify the data mining algorithms for a better analysis of the MOOC data.In order to solve these two problems,an improved random forests method is proposed in this paper.First,a hybrid indicator is defined to measure the importance of the features,and a rule is further established for the feature selection;then,a Clustering-Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique(SMOTE)is embedded into the traditional random forests algorithm to solve the class imbalance problem.In experiment part,we verify the performance of the proposed method by using the Canvas Network Person-Course(CNPC)dataset.Furthermore,four well-known prediction methods have been applied for comparison,where the superiority of our method has been proved.

共沉淀法制备LaFe_(x)Co_(1-x)O_(3)钙钛矿的研究

以La(NO3)3?6H2O、Co(NO3)3?6H2O和Fe(NO3)3?9H2O为原料,用共沉淀法对制备LaFexCo1?xO3 (x = 0.2, 0.5, 0.8)钙钛矿进行研究。热重–差示量热分析(TG-DSC)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,合成LaFexCo1?xO3钙钛矿过程有四段失重,分别在110℃之前、150℃~220℃、300℃~500℃和700℃~780℃;经过700℃~800℃煅烧后有钙钛矿形成,之后随煅烧温度提高,钙钛矿生成量逐渐增加,晶粒尺寸也缓慢增加,煅烧温度为1000℃时获得钙钛矿的量最多,但是与800℃和900℃煅烧后形成钙钛矿相比,其晶粒尺寸增加较多;随着Fe取代Co的量增加,形成钙钛矿尺寸晶粒尺寸逐渐降低。

一氧化碳在钯薄膜修饰的金电极上的电氧化-厚度的影响(英文)

采用扫描循环伏安法及表面增强拉曼散射光谱研究了一氧化碳(CO)在钯修饰金电极上的吸附与氧化.结果表明CO氧化电位随钯膜厚度增加而正移,同时C—O伸缩振动频率红移.本文利用d能带理论解释观察现象.应力效应使CO吸附变强,难以氧化;但配体效应使CO吸附变弱,易于氧化.在薄膜中配体效应强于应力效应.

Exploring the Construction of Curriculum Standards for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Higher Education Institutions Based on Curriculum Ideology and Politics

Curriculum ideology and politics is an effective method to reform innovation and entrepreneurship education in the new era.Students in higher education institutions have high expectations and recognition of the integration of innovation and entrepreneurship education with civics education.However,currently,the phenomena of poor integration,mechanical application,and confusion between innovation and entrepreneurship education and civics education exist.This paper reconstructs the curriculum standards of innovation and entrepreneurship education from the perspective of curriculum ideology and politics,deeply integrates ideological and political elements into teaching objectives,design,and evaluation,reshapes teaching modules,improves teaching methods,and perfects the multiple evaluation and assessment system,so as to enhance the innovation spirit,creative consciousness,and entrepreneurial ability of higher vocational students.

View on the Clinical Value of QRS-T Angle

The QRS-T angle,as an index of noninvasive cardioelectric vector,is closely related to the change of heart structure and function.There are different methedologies to measure the QRS-T angle,which can be roughly dividedinto two types:plane angle and space angle.Studies show that the influence factors include two aspects of physiology and pathology of the angle,in pathological ways,the disease such as myocardial hypertrophy,myocardial ischemia,hypertension,ventricular arrhythmia has larger clinical significance.In recent years,the research on the risk stratification of the QRS-T angle on sudden death has made great progress,but there are still some disputes about whether the space angle can be replaced by the plane angle and the range of normal value and so on.

Research on Teaching Practice System Based on BIM

Building information modeling(BIM)course is a subject course integrating project management course and BIM Technology.BIM-based engineering project teaching is different from traditional engineering project management.It has many advantages such as information creation,information management,digital management of information sharing,and so on,which improves the integration of project management as a whole.Therefore,it is crucial to improve the curriculum system of colleges and universities by setting up BIM courses,and to integrate BIM knowledge into the curriculum system.Setting up BIM courses and integrating BIM knowledge into the curriculum system have also been the highlight for colleges and universities.The engineering management major of the university is combined with the BIM curriculum system to adjust the relevant talent training plan.Foreign countries have gradually integrated BIM technology into the classroom teaching system,and domestic curriculum teaching is undergoing a reform and is under development.Through a systematic link between theory and practical education,a targeted,accurate,and efficient characteristic curriculum system for engineering management specialty has been developed.

表面展示新城疫病毒部分F蛋白的重组干酪乳杆菌的构建及其免疫原性

本研究旨在构建重组干酪乳杆菌pLA-Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-F/Lactobacillus casei,获得表达产物,并探讨其免疫效果。利用PCR扩增携带部分主要抗原表位的NDV F基因,与穿梭质粒pLA连接转化至大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)中,筛选阳性重组质粒,将其电转化至干酪乳杆菌中,构建重组干酪乳杆菌pLA-NDV-F/L. casei,应用PCR鉴定阳性菌株,Western blotting鉴定重组菌反应原性,间接免疫荧光、流式细胞术和激光共聚焦检测蛋白表达情况。试验选用14日龄雏鸡,各组免疫方式为口服+滴鼻。设立pLA-NDV-F/L. casei两次免疫组和三次免疫组、弱毒疫苗组、pLA/L.casei、未攻毒PBS组和攻毒PBS组。间接ELISA方法检测雏鸡血清IgG、肠道、鼻腔、肺脏中sIgA抗体效价,评价试验组雏鸡攻毒保护率。结果表明,有94.10%的重组菌表达了F蛋白,且高效表达在干酪乳杆菌细胞表面,蛋白大小为62 kDa,并能与抗NDV阳性血清特异性结合。各免疫组anti-F IgG和sIgA抗体水平显著高于对照组,pLA-NDV-F/L. casei三次免疫组抗体持续时间比两次免疫组延长28 d,抗体峰值没有显著差异。免疫pLA-NDV-F/L. casei三次、两次、弱毒疫苗、pLA/L. casei和PBS的攻击保护率分别为80%、80%、90%、0%和0%。因此,利用干酪乳杆菌表达体系成功表达了携带部分抗原表位的NDV F基因,具备良好的反应原性和免疫原性,可诱导机体产生保护性免疫应答。

kLDM:Inferring Multiple Metagenomic Association Networks Based on the Variation of Environmental Factors

Identification of significant biological relationships or patterns is central to many metagenomic studies.Methods that estimate association networks have been proposed for this purpose;however,they assume that associations are static,neglecting the fact that relationships in a microbial ecosystem may vary with changes in environmental factors(EFs),which can result in inaccurate estimations.Therefore,in this study,we propose a computational model,called the k-Lognormal-Dirichlet-Multinomial(kLDM)model,which estimates multiple association networks that correspond to specific environmental conditions,and simultaneously infers microbe-microbe and EF-microbe associations for each network.The effectiveness of the kLDM model was demonstrated on synthetic data,a colorectal cancer(CRC)dataset,the Tara Oceans dataset,and the American Gut Project dataset.The results revealed that the widely-used Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient method performed much worse than the other methods,indicating the importance of separating samples by environmental conditions.Cancer fecal samples were then compared with cancer-free samples,and the estimation achieved by kLDM exhibited fewer associations among microbes but stronger associations between specific bacteria,especially five CRC-associated operational taxonomic units,indicating gut microbe translocation in cancer patients.Some EF-dependent associations were then found within a marine eukaryotic community.Finally,the gut microbial heterogeneity of inflammatory bowel disease patients was detected.These results demonstrate that kLDM can elucidate the complex associations within microbial ecosystems.The kLDM program,R,and Python scripts,together with all experimental datasets,are accessible at https://github.com/tinglab/kLDM.git.

Accelerometer Bias and Star Sensor Installation Error Joint Calibration for the SINS/CNS Integrated Navigation System Using Attitude Maneuver

The integrated strap-down inertial nav igation system/olelestial navigation system(SINS/CNS)i an important autonomous navigation method with efective concealment and high predision.Both accelerometer biss and star ensor installation error ame important factors that aflect the performanoe of this mavigation system,which needl to be calibratexd and compensatedl.A new acelerometer bias and star sensor installation error joint calibration method for the SINS/CNS integrated navigation system i propoeed.In this newly propoeed method,the installation error of star sensor is augmented to the state vector,and the star vector,nadir angle,horkzontal poeition error and velbcity error ame ueed a8 measurementa to calbrate the two errors mentioned above.Simulations show that both accelerometer bias and star sensor installation enror an be calibratedl efectively.

Automatic Correcting Control Method of RMG Based on Changeable Transducer Connection Form

By analyzing causes, damages and popular solutions for gnawing rail phenomenon of Rail-Mounted Gantry （shorted for RMG）, this article puts forward a kind of automatic correcting control system, the system can change between two transducer connection forms, and as a result, can prevent or decrease gnawing rail problem to a great extent. We present principles of correcting obliquity, sideward displacement of gantry frame and principles of malfunction diagnosis and some important schematic diagrams. The most significant feature of our system is that we can change transducers＇ connection form to respective or cross driving mode according to the extent of obliquity and sideward displacement of gantry frame, which make full use of both modes＇ advantages. As a result, the system not only can minish gnawing rail phenomenon, diagnose causes of gnawing rail and give an corresponding alarm, but also, in cross connection driving mode, has an unique capacity of preventing gnawing rail phenomenon utilizing its own characteristics under cross connection mode and gantry frame＇s rigidity.