Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics and Response Patterns of Salinity Stress Responsive Genes (SSRGs) in Wild Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa L.)

Cultivating salt-tolerant crops is a feasible way to effectively utilize saline-alkali land and solve the problem of underutilization of saline soils.Quinoa,a protein-comprehensive cereal in the plant kingdom,is an exceptional crop in terms of salt stress tolerance level.It seems an excellent model for the exploration of salt-tolerance mechanisms and cultivation of salt-tolerant germplasms.In this study,the seeds and seedlings of the quinoa cultivar Shelly were treated with different concentrations of NaCl solution.The physiological,biochemical characteristics and agronomic traits were investigated,and the response patterns of three salt stress-responsive genes(SSRGs)in quinoa were determined by real-time PCR.The optimum level of stress tolerance of quinoa cultivar Shelly was found in the range of 250–350 mM concentration of NaCl.Salt stress significantly induced expression of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and particularly betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase(BADH).BADH was discovered to be more sensitive to salt stress and played an important role in the salt stress tolerance of quinoa seedlings,particularly at high NaCl concentrations,as it displayed upregulation until 24 h under 100 mM salt treatment.Moreover,it showed upregulation until 12 h under 250 mM salt stress.Taken together,these results suggest that BADH played an essential role in the salt-tolerance mechanism of quinoa.Based on the expression level and prompt response induced by NaCl,we suggest that the BADH can be considered as a molecular marker for screening salt-tolerant quinoa germplasm at the early stages of crop development.Salt treatment at different plant ontogeny or at different concentrations had a significant impact on quinoa growth.Therefore,an appropriate treatment approach needs to be chosen rationally in the process of screening salt-tolerant quinoa germplasm,which is useful to the utilization of saline soils.Our study provides a fundamental information to deepen knowledge of the salt tolerance mechanism of quinoa for the development of salt-tolerant germplasm in crop breeding programs.

Mo5+ doping induced interface polarization for improving performance of planar perovskite solar cells

In this paper,we investigate how interface-induced polarization affects the photovoltaic performance of hybrid perovskite solar cell(PSC)devices.The polarization of the hole transport layer(HTL)is regulated through incorporating metalliclike Mo Ox into PEDOT:PSS.The common Mo O3 doped into PEDOT:PSS is used as a reference,and the device that used PEDOT:PSS-Mo Ox as the HTL shows an enhanced Jsc and FF compared to the reference device.The open-circuit photovoltage decay and impedance spectroscopy measurements indicate that trap-assisted recombination is effectively suppressed at the interface between the hybrid perovskite and the PEDOT:PSS-Mo Ox HTL,while severe trap assisted recombination takes place at the perovskite/PEDOT:PSS and perovskite/PEDOT:PSS-Mo O3 interface.We attribute these experimental findings to the fact that the incorporation of metallic-like Mo5+into PEDOT:PSS enhances the conductivity of HTL and the interface polarization between PEDTOT:PSS layer and perovskite,which helps to induce an interface polarization electric field to facilitate separation of charges and screen the recombination between the traps and free charges.

Two dimensional GeO_(2)/MoSi_(2)N_(4)van der Waals heterostructures with robust type-Ⅱ band alignment

Constructing two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs)can expand the electronic and optoelectronic applications of 2D semiconductors.However,the work on the 2D vdWHs with robust band alignment is still scarce.Here,we employ a global structure search approach to construct the vdWHs with monolayer MoSi_(2)N_(4)and widebandgap GeO_(2).The studies show that the GeO_(2)/MoSi_(2)N_(4)vdWHs have the characteristics of direct structures with the band gap of 0.946 eV and typeII band alignment with GeO_(2)and MoSi_(2)N_(4)layers as the conduction band minimum(CBM)and valence band maximum(VBM),respectively.Also,the direct-to-indirect band gap transition can be achieved by applying biaxial strain.In particular,the 2D GeO_(2)/MoSi_(2)N_(4)vdWHs show a robust type-II band alignment under the effects of biaxial strain,interlayer distance and external electric field.The results provide a route to realize the robust type-II band alignment vdWHs,which is helpful for the implementation of optoelectronic nanodevices with stable characteristics.

CsPbI nanorods as the interfacial layer for high-performance,all-solution-processed self-powered photodetectors

Heterojunction is regarded as a crucial step toward realizing high-performance devices,particularly,forming gradient energy band between heterojunctions benefits self-powered photodetectors.Therefore,in this paper,the synthesis of CsPbI3 nanorods(NRs)and its application as the interfacial layer in high-performance,all-solution-processed self-powered photodetectors are presented.For the bilayer photodetector ITO/ZnO(100 nm)/PbS-TBAI(150 nm)/Au,a responsivity of 3.6 A/W with a specific detectivity of 9.8×10^(12)Jones was obtained under 0.1 mW/cm^(2)white light illumination at zero bias(i.e.in self-powered mode).Meanwhile,the photocurrent was enhanced to an On/Off current ratio of 105 at zero bias with an open circuit voltage of 0.53 V for trilayer photodetector ITO/ZnO(100 nm)/PbSTBAI(150 nm)/CsPbI3(250 nm)/Au,in which the CsPbI3 NRs layer works as the interfacial layer.As a result,a specific detectivity of 4.5×10^(13)Jones with a responsivity of 11.12 A/W was obtained under0.1 mW/cm^(2) white light illumination,as well as the rising/decaying time of 0.57 s/0.41 s with excellent stability and reproducibility upto four weeks in air.The enhanced-performance is ascribed to the mismatch bandgap between PbS-TBAI/CsPbI_(3)interface,which can suppress the carrier recombination and provide efficient transport passages for charge carriers.Thus,it provides a feasible and efficient method for high-performance photodetectors.

Solution-processed,flexible and broadband photodetector based on CsPbBr_(3)/PbSe quantum dot heterostructures

Due to their promising applications in foldable displays,optical communication equipment and environmental monitoring systems,flexible and broadband optoelectronic devices have gained extensive attention in recent years.Here,a flexible and broadband photodetector based on CsPbBr_(3)/PbSe quantum dot(QD) heterostructures is firstly presented.The integrated QD heterostructures possess consecutive detection range from ultraviolet(UV) to long-wave length infrared(LW-IR) regions with efficient light absorption and chemical stability,in comparison with the pristine PbSe QDs.Systematic material characterizations reveal the improved exciton dissociation,carrier transport and carrier lifetime of the QD heterostructures.Flexible photodetector Ag/CsPbBr_(3)/PbSe/Ag demonstrate a high responsivity of 7.17 A/W with a specific detectivity of 8.97 × 10^(12) Jones under 25 μW/cm^(2) 365 nm illumination at 5 V.Furthermore,it could maintain 91.2 %(or 94.9 %) of its initial performance even after bending for thousands of times(or exposing in ambient air for 4 weeks).More importantly,its re s ponse time is shortened more than three orders of magnitude as that of pristine PbSe QDs-based photodetectors.Therefore,it provides a feasible and promising method for the next-generation high-performance broadband photodetectors via constructing heterostructures of various QDs.

Taxonomic review on Acrocercopinae,Gracillariinae and Ornixolinae from Shandong,China,with new data on distribution and host associations(Lepidoptera:Gracillariidae)

Thirteen species of Gracillariidae,belonging to three subfamilies,Acrocercopinae,Gracillariinae and Ornixolinae,are reviewed from Shandong,China.Three species are recorded from China for the first time:Calybites securinella(Ermolaev,1986),Eteoryctis picrasmae Kumata&Kuroko,1988,and Spulerina parthenocissi Kumata&Kuroko,1988.All species are described in detail except Liocrobyla indigofera Liu,Wang&Wang,2018,with the illustrations of adults,male and female genitalia.