Peanut or groundnut （ Arachis hypogaea L. ） is an important source of vegetable oil in the world. Genetic enhancement for high yield and high oil content has greatly contributed to enhanced pro-ductivit...Peanut or groundnut （ Arachis hypogaea L. ） is an important source of vegetable oil in the world. Genetic enhancement for high yield and high oil content has greatly contributed to enhanced pro-ductivity of peanut and increased supply of peanut oil. Further improving oil content and quality of peanut is still crucial for increasing productivity of arable land and market competitiveness of peanut oil. Based on investigation among the peanut germplasm accessions including wild Arachis species, the oil content could be as high as 65%. Heterosis has been observed for oil content in hybrids derived from diverse crossing parents. Segregates with enhanced oil content have been obtained by pyramiding different genes or alleles with major and minor additive effects. Improved testing techniques for oil content in breeding lines with reduced cost have accelerated breeding progress for high oil content. SSR markers associated with oil content have been identified by association and linkage analysis. The stability of oil content in peanut across seasons and locations is highly associated with cold tolerance, high nutrition efficiency and drought tolerance. Recent progress on improving fatty acids in particular marker assisted backcrossing breeding has contributed to higher quality peanut oil and other products. High oil peanut lines with im-proved resistance to aflatoxin production have been developed. The wild Arachis species would be of great value for peanut breeding in increasing oil content.展开更多
BACKGROUND： The neuronal transient outward potassium channel has been shown to be highly associated with acetylcholine. However, the influence of acetylcholine on the transient outward potassium current in cerebral c...BACKGROUND： The neuronal transient outward potassium channel has been shown to be highly associated with acetylcholine. However, the influence of acetylcholine on the transient outward potassium current in cerebral cortical neurons remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To investigate acetylcholine modulation on transient outward potassium current in rat parietal cortical neurons using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A neuroelectrophysiology study was performed at the Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University between January 2005 and January 2006. MATERIALS： Wistar rats were provided by the Animal Research Center, the Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University; PC-IIC patch-clamp amplifier and IBBClamp data collection analysis system were provided by Huazhong University for Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; PP-83 microelectrode puller was purchased from Narrishage, Japan. METHODS： The parietal somatosensory cortical neurons were acutely dissociated, and the modulation of acetylcholine （0.1, 1, 10, 100 μmol/L） on transient outward potassium channel was recorded using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Influence of acetylcholine on transient outward potassium current, potassium channel activation, and inactivation. RESULTS： The inhibitory effect of acetylcholine on transient outward potassium current was dose- and voltage-dependent （P 〈 0.01）. Acetylcholine was found to significantly affect the activation process of transient outward potassium current, i.e., the activation curve of transient outward potassium current was left-shifted, while the inactivation curve was shifted to hyperpolarization. Acetylcholine significantly prolonged the time constant of recovery from inactivation of transient outward potassium current （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that acetylcholine inhibits transient outward potassium current by regulating activation and inactivation processes of the transient outward potassium channel.展开更多
High yield is a major objective for peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding worldwide. However, fewer yield-related quantitative trait loci(QTL) have been reported in peanut than in other staple food crops such as rice(O...High yield is a major objective for peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding worldwide. However, fewer yield-related quantitative trait loci(QTL) have been reported in peanut than in other staple food crops such as rice(Oryza sativa), wheat(Triticum aestivum), and maize(Zea mays). This study aimed to identify stable major-effect QTL associated with pod yield per plant, hundred-pod weight for double-seeded pods,hundred-seed weight, shelling percentage, and pod number per plant, allowing us to predict candidate genes by means of transcriptome and genome sequencing. To this end, we used a population of recombinant inbred lines comprising 192 F9:11families derived from a JH6 × KX01-6 cross to construct a highresolution genetic map(1705.7 c M) consisting of 2273 polymorphic SNPs, with 0.75 c M(on average)between adjacent SNPs. We identified two high-confidence, yield-related QTL, qHYF_A08 and qHYF_B06, explaining 5.78%–31.40% of phenotypic variation and with LOD values of 5.10–24.48, in six environments. qHYF_A08 mainly explained the variation in shelling percentage, whereas qHYF_B06explained variation in hundred-pod weight and hundred-seed weight and accounted for 8.77%–31.40%of the variation in effective pod number per plant, pod number per plant, and shelling percentage. We narrowed down qHYF_B06 to an 890-kb interval using an advanced mapping population.Transcriptome and genome analyses revealed that only Arahy.129FS0 and Arahy.3R9A5K in the candidate mapping interval were differentially expressed between JH6 and KX01-6, with substantial structural variations in their promoter and coding regions. Genotypes of 208 peanut accessions determined using a diagnostic CAPS marker suggested that the two haplotypes of Arahy.3R9A5K were highly associated with hundred-seed weight and hundred-pod weight;this diagnostic CAPs marker could therefore be useful for selecting high-yielding lines during peanut breeding. Overall, our results provide valuable information for cloning alleles with favorable effects on peanut yield.展开更多
Developing efficient and inexpensive OER electrocatalysts is a challenge for overall water splitting.Herein,the heterostructured Fe Co LDH@NiCoP/NF nanowire arrays with high performance were rationally designed and pr...Developing efficient and inexpensive OER electrocatalysts is a challenge for overall water splitting.Herein,the heterostructured Fe Co LDH@NiCoP/NF nanowire arrays with high performance were rationally designed and prepared using an interface engineering strategy.Benefitting from the special heterostructure between Fe Co LDH and Ni Co P,the as-synthesized Fe Co LDH@Ni Co P/NF electrocatalyst exhibits outstanding OER performance with an exceptionally low overpotential of 206 mV to achieve 20 mA/cm^(2)current density in an alkaline electrolyte.Importantly,a cell constructed using the FeCo LDH@NiCoP/NF electrocatalyst as cathode and anode just needs a voltage of 1.48 V at 10 mA/cm^(2),and shows excellent stability over 80 h.Experimental and theoretical results verified that the introduction of Ni Co P efficiently regulates the electronic structure of Fe Co LDH,which tremendously boosts the conductivity and intrinsic catalytic activity of FeCo LDH@NiCoP/NF electrocatalyst.The present work provides guidance for the preparation of other efficient and cheap electrocatalytic materials.展开更多
Southern corn rust(SCR),caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia polysora,is a major threat to maize pro-duction worldwide.Efficient breeding and deployment of resistant hybrids are key to achieving durable control of S...Southern corn rust(SCR),caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia polysora,is a major threat to maize pro-duction worldwide.Efficient breeding and deployment of resistant hybrids are key to achieving durable control of SCR.Here,we report the molecular cloning and characterization of RppC,which encodes an NLR-type immune receptor and is responsible for a major SCR resistance quantitative trait locus.Further-more,we identified the corresponding avirulence effector,AvrRppC,which is secreted by P.polysora and triggers RppC-mediated resistance.Allelic variation of AvrRppC directly determines the effectiveness of RppC-mediated resistance,indicating that monitoring of AvrRppC variants in the field can guide the rational deployment of RppC-containing hybrids in maize production.Currently,RppC is the most frequently deployed SCR resistance gene in China,and a better understanding of its mode of action is crit-ical for extending its durability.展开更多
Transition-metal chalcogenides with hollow nanostructure,especially cobalt sulfides,are considered as the most pro mising non-precious metal catalysts for oxygen evolution reactio n.However,it is difficult to synthesi...Transition-metal chalcogenides with hollow nanostructure,especially cobalt sulfides,are considered as the most pro mising non-precious metal catalysts for oxygen evolution reactio n.However,it is difficult to synthesize oxygen-containing cobalt sulphides with hollow structure due to the different physical/chemical properties between metal sulfides and metal cobalts.Herein,we report a novel oxygencontaining amorphous cobalt sulfide ball-in-ball hollow sphere s(Co-S-O BBHS) synthesized by an anion exchange method.Taking advantage of the ball-in-ball hollow structure,the amorphous Co-S-O BBHS shows supe rior oxygen evolution reaction(OER) electrocatalytic performance with a low overpotentiat of285 mV at 10 mA/cm2,small Tafel slope of 49.67 mV/dec,high Faraday efficiency of 96%,and satisfied durability.Experiments and DFT calculations demonstrate that the introduction of oxygen and sulfur modulates the electronic structure of Co-S-O BBHS,thus enhancing the adsorption of *0(adsorbed 0 species on catalyst surface) intermediate,which greatly boosts the catalytic activity towards OER.This work provides a new strategy for controllable synthe sis of complex hollow structures of transition-metal chalcogenides for OER.展开更多
In vitro,carp blood was anticoagulated by using MgSO4 at a final concentration of 22.2 mmol L-1 and sodium citrate at a final concentration of 11.8 mmol L-1.The coagulation times for carp plasma diluted by ion-free wa...In vitro,carp blood was anticoagulated by using MgSO4 at a final concentration of 22.2 mmol L-1 and sodium citrate at a final concentration of 11.8 mmol L-1.The coagulation times for carp plasma diluted by ion-free water(1:1),and that of carp plasma to which thrombocytes and small lymphocytes were added,were measured at 23℃ using standard methods,and then contrasted with the coagulation times for plasma obtained from chickens and rabbits.The shapes of the thrombocytes and small lymphocytes,which were either wet mounted or stained with hematoxylin and eosin,were observed under a light microscope.We found that:(i)the coagulation reaction of carp blood was significantly(P<0.01)accelerated by the addition of ion-free water;(ii)the three types of blood cells(thrombocytes,small lymphocytes and red blood cells)promoted plasma coagulation to a similar extent(P>0.05);(iii)in carp Mg^(2+)plasma and K_(2)C_(2)O_(4) plasma,the thrombocytes were usually morphologically normal,but many small lymphocytes were destroyed and became aggregated;(iv)in the citrate plasma,thrombocytes were often aggregated,but the small lymphocytes were usually morphologically normal;and(v)the coagulation time for chicken and rabbit plasma was significantly extended by adding ion-free water.展开更多
To the Editor:Extra-mammary Paget’s disease(EMPD)is a rare cutaneous intra-epidermal adenocarcinoma with a controversial origin,and frequently occurs in the penoscrotal region in males.Primary EMPD,which originates w...To the Editor:Extra-mammary Paget’s disease(EMPD)is a rare cutaneous intra-epidermal adenocarcinoma with a controversial origin,and frequently occurs in the penoscrotal region in males.Primary EMPD,which originates within the epidermis or apocrine glands,is usually an in situ disease confined to the epidermis with a good prognosis,while secondary EMPD is considered to be associated with underlying internal malignancy.EMPD in situ has the potential to become invasive EMPD which has a higher metastasis rate and worse prognosis.[1]Thus,it is important to identify transcriptomic profiles related to the biological behavior of invasion to improve the treatment of invasive EMPD in the future.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (7232321)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ZYYCXTD-C-202005)the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China (81930110,82230118)。
文摘Peanut or groundnut （ Arachis hypogaea L. ） is an important source of vegetable oil in the world. Genetic enhancement for high yield and high oil content has greatly contributed to enhanced pro-ductivity of peanut and increased supply of peanut oil. Further improving oil content and quality of peanut is still crucial for increasing productivity of arable land and market competitiveness of peanut oil. Based on investigation among the peanut germplasm accessions including wild Arachis species, the oil content could be as high as 65%. Heterosis has been observed for oil content in hybrids derived from diverse crossing parents. Segregates with enhanced oil content have been obtained by pyramiding different genes or alleles with major and minor additive effects. Improved testing techniques for oil content in breeding lines with reduced cost have accelerated breeding progress for high oil content. SSR markers associated with oil content have been identified by association and linkage analysis. The stability of oil content in peanut across seasons and locations is highly associated with cold tolerance, high nutrition efficiency and drought tolerance. Recent progress on improving fatty acids in particular marker assisted backcrossing breeding has contributed to higher quality peanut oil and other products. High oil peanut lines with im-proved resistance to aflatoxin production have been developed. The wild Arachis species would be of great value for peanut breeding in increasing oil content.
基金Special Foundation for the Science and Technology Youth of Heilongjiang Province,No. QC07C95the Science and Technology Foundation Program of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department,No.11531152the Postdoctoral Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,No. LRB 07-424
文摘BACKGROUND： The neuronal transient outward potassium channel has been shown to be highly associated with acetylcholine. However, the influence of acetylcholine on the transient outward potassium current in cerebral cortical neurons remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To investigate acetylcholine modulation on transient outward potassium current in rat parietal cortical neurons using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A neuroelectrophysiology study was performed at the Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University between January 2005 and January 2006. MATERIALS： Wistar rats were provided by the Animal Research Center, the Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University; PC-IIC patch-clamp amplifier and IBBClamp data collection analysis system were provided by Huazhong University for Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; PP-83 microelectrode puller was purchased from Narrishage, Japan. METHODS： The parietal somatosensory cortical neurons were acutely dissociated, and the modulation of acetylcholine （0.1, 1, 10, 100 μmol/L） on transient outward potassium channel was recorded using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Influence of acetylcholine on transient outward potassium current, potassium channel activation, and inactivation. RESULTS： The inhibitory effect of acetylcholine on transient outward potassium current was dose- and voltage-dependent （P 〈 0.01）. Acetylcholine was found to significantly affect the activation process of transient outward potassium current, i.e., the activation curve of transient outward potassium current was left-shifted, while the inactivation curve was shifted to hyperpolarization. Acetylcholine significantly prolonged the time constant of recovery from inactivation of transient outward potassium current （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that acetylcholine inhibits transient outward potassium current by regulating activation and inactivation processes of the transient outward potassium channel.
基金jointly supported by the Earmarked Fund for CARS-13the Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System of Hebei Province (HBCT2018090101 and HBCT2018090201)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Team of Modern Peanut Seed Industry (21326316D)the Technology Innovation Special Project(2022KJCXZX-LYS-11)the Basic Research Funds of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (2021060201)the Talents Construction Project of Science and Technology Innovation,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (C22R0311)。
文摘High yield is a major objective for peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding worldwide. However, fewer yield-related quantitative trait loci(QTL) have been reported in peanut than in other staple food crops such as rice(Oryza sativa), wheat(Triticum aestivum), and maize(Zea mays). This study aimed to identify stable major-effect QTL associated with pod yield per plant, hundred-pod weight for double-seeded pods,hundred-seed weight, shelling percentage, and pod number per plant, allowing us to predict candidate genes by means of transcriptome and genome sequencing. To this end, we used a population of recombinant inbred lines comprising 192 F9:11families derived from a JH6 × KX01-6 cross to construct a highresolution genetic map(1705.7 c M) consisting of 2273 polymorphic SNPs, with 0.75 c M(on average)between adjacent SNPs. We identified two high-confidence, yield-related QTL, qHYF_A08 and qHYF_B06, explaining 5.78%–31.40% of phenotypic variation and with LOD values of 5.10–24.48, in six environments. qHYF_A08 mainly explained the variation in shelling percentage, whereas qHYF_B06explained variation in hundred-pod weight and hundred-seed weight and accounted for 8.77%–31.40%of the variation in effective pod number per plant, pod number per plant, and shelling percentage. We narrowed down qHYF_B06 to an 890-kb interval using an advanced mapping population.Transcriptome and genome analyses revealed that only Arahy.129FS0 and Arahy.3R9A5K in the candidate mapping interval were differentially expressed between JH6 and KX01-6, with substantial structural variations in their promoter and coding regions. Genotypes of 208 peanut accessions determined using a diagnostic CAPS marker suggested that the two haplotypes of Arahy.3R9A5K were highly associated with hundred-seed weight and hundred-pod weight;this diagnostic CAPs marker could therefore be useful for selecting high-yielding lines during peanut breeding. Overall, our results provide valuable information for cloning alleles with favorable effects on peanut yield.
基金the financial supports from Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91741105,22006120)Program for Innovation Team Building at Institutions of Higher Education in Chongqing(No.CXTDX201601011)。
文摘Developing efficient and inexpensive OER electrocatalysts is a challenge for overall water splitting.Herein,the heterostructured Fe Co LDH@NiCoP/NF nanowire arrays with high performance were rationally designed and prepared using an interface engineering strategy.Benefitting from the special heterostructure between Fe Co LDH and Ni Co P,the as-synthesized Fe Co LDH@Ni Co P/NF electrocatalyst exhibits outstanding OER performance with an exceptionally low overpotential of 206 mV to achieve 20 mA/cm^(2)current density in an alkaline electrolyte.Importantly,a cell constructed using the FeCo LDH@NiCoP/NF electrocatalyst as cathode and anode just needs a voltage of 1.48 V at 10 mA/cm^(2),and shows excellent stability over 80 h.Experimental and theoretical results verified that the introduction of Ni Co P efficiently regulates the electronic structure of Fe Co LDH,which tremendously boosts the conductivity and intrinsic catalytic activity of FeCo LDH@NiCoP/NF electrocatalyst.The present work provides guidance for the preparation of other efficient and cheap electrocatalytic materials.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901550)+2 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFD0101803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31501326)Innovative Talents in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province(19HASTIT010)was a funding pro-vided by Henan Province government of China.
文摘Southern corn rust(SCR),caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia polysora,is a major threat to maize pro-duction worldwide.Efficient breeding and deployment of resistant hybrids are key to achieving durable control of SCR.Here,we report the molecular cloning and characterization of RppC,which encodes an NLR-type immune receptor and is responsible for a major SCR resistance quantitative trait locus.Further-more,we identified the corresponding avirulence effector,AvrRppC,which is secreted by P.polysora and triggers RppC-mediated resistance.Allelic variation of AvrRppC directly determines the effectiveness of RppC-mediated resistance,indicating that monitoring of AvrRppC variants in the field can guide the rational deployment of RppC-containing hybrids in maize production.Currently,RppC is the most frequently deployed SCR resistance gene in China,and a better understanding of its mode of action is crit-ical for extending its durability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.91741105,21173169)Chongqing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (No.cstc2018jcyjAX0625)。
文摘Transition-metal chalcogenides with hollow nanostructure,especially cobalt sulfides,are considered as the most pro mising non-precious metal catalysts for oxygen evolution reactio n.However,it is difficult to synthesize oxygen-containing cobalt sulphides with hollow structure due to the different physical/chemical properties between metal sulfides and metal cobalts.Herein,we report a novel oxygencontaining amorphous cobalt sulfide ball-in-ball hollow sphere s(Co-S-O BBHS) synthesized by an anion exchange method.Taking advantage of the ball-in-ball hollow structure,the amorphous Co-S-O BBHS shows supe rior oxygen evolution reaction(OER) electrocatalytic performance with a low overpotentiat of285 mV at 10 mA/cm2,small Tafel slope of 49.67 mV/dec,high Faraday efficiency of 96%,and satisfied durability.Experiments and DFT calculations demonstrate that the introduction of oxygen and sulfur modulates the electronic structure of Co-S-O BBHS,thus enhancing the adsorption of *0(adsorbed 0 species on catalyst surface) intermediate,which greatly boosts the catalytic activity towards OER.This work provides a new strategy for controllable synthe sis of complex hollow structures of transition-metal chalcogenides for OER.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30470225).
文摘In vitro,carp blood was anticoagulated by using MgSO4 at a final concentration of 22.2 mmol L-1 and sodium citrate at a final concentration of 11.8 mmol L-1.The coagulation times for carp plasma diluted by ion-free water(1:1),and that of carp plasma to which thrombocytes and small lymphocytes were added,were measured at 23℃ using standard methods,and then contrasted with the coagulation times for plasma obtained from chickens and rabbits.The shapes of the thrombocytes and small lymphocytes,which were either wet mounted or stained with hematoxylin and eosin,were observed under a light microscope.We found that:(i)the coagulation reaction of carp blood was significantly(P<0.01)accelerated by the addition of ion-free water;(ii)the three types of blood cells(thrombocytes,small lymphocytes and red blood cells)promoted plasma coagulation to a similar extent(P>0.05);(iii)in carp Mg^(2+)plasma and K_(2)C_(2)O_(4) plasma,the thrombocytes were usually morphologically normal,but many small lymphocytes were destroyed and became aggregated;(iv)in the citrate plasma,thrombocytes were often aggregated,but the small lymphocytes were usually morphologically normal;and(v)the coagulation time for chicken and rabbit plasma was significantly extended by adding ion-free water.
基金National Key Research and Development Project(No. 2019YFC0840700)
文摘To the Editor:Extra-mammary Paget’s disease(EMPD)is a rare cutaneous intra-epidermal adenocarcinoma with a controversial origin,and frequently occurs in the penoscrotal region in males.Primary EMPD,which originates within the epidermis or apocrine glands,is usually an in situ disease confined to the epidermis with a good prognosis,while secondary EMPD is considered to be associated with underlying internal malignancy.EMPD in situ has the potential to become invasive EMPD which has a higher metastasis rate and worse prognosis.[1]Thus,it is important to identify transcriptomic profiles related to the biological behavior of invasion to improve the treatment of invasive EMPD in the future.
