Effect of Simiao Liangxue Granule on Acute Gouty Arthritis in Rats

[Objectives]To study the anti-inflammatory effect of Simiao Liangxue granule on the rats with acute gouty arthritis(AGA).[Methods]A total of 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 10 rats in each group.The rats in the colchicine group were intragastrically administered with 0.65 mg/kg colchicine,and the rats in low,medium and high dose groups of Simiao Liangxue granule were intragastrically administered with Simiao Liangxue granule with mass concentration of 0.4,0.8 and 1.6 g/kg,respectively.The rats in the normal control group and the model group were given the same amount of normal saline for 7 d,and the acute gouty arthritis model was prepared 1 h after administration on the 5th d.At the end of the experiment,the degree of joint swelling and joint inflammation index,the content of interleukin-1β,tumor necrosis factor-a and cyclooxygenase-2 in articular cartilage,and the content of interleukin-8,NO and UA in serum of rats were measured,and the histomorphological observation was performed.[Results]Compared with the normal control group,the joints of rats were swollen to different degrees,the inflammation score was significantly increased,and the content of IL-1β,TNF-αand COX-2 in the soft tissue of the joints was significantly increased in each group(P<0.05);compared with the model group,the joint swelling degree and inflammation score of rats in the colchicine group and Simiao Liangxue granule group were significantly decreased,the content of IL-1β,TNF-αand COX-2 in the joint soft tissue was also significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the indexes of each dose group of Simiao Liangxue granule were similar to those of the colchicine group;compared with the normal control group,the content of IL-8,NO and UA in the joint soft tissue of rats was significantly increased in each group(P<0.05);compared with the model group,the content of all indexes in joint soft tissue of rats in normal control group,colchicine group and Simiao Liangxue granule group were significantly decreased(P<0.05);the content of various indexes in the joint soft tissue of rats in the low and medium dose groups of Simiao Liangxue granule was higher than that in the colchicine group,and decreased significantly with the increase of the dose of Simiao Liangxue granule(P<0.05);the inflammatory index decreased significantly with the increase of the dose of Simiao Liangxue granule(P<0.05);the inflammation and degeneration in each dose group of Simiao Liangxue granule were milder than those in the model group,and the symptoms were relieved to some extent with the increase of dose(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Simiao Liangxue granule has the effect of anti-inflammation and detumescence,and its mechanism may be related to the content of factors that reduce inflammation including IL-1β,TNF-α,C0X-2,IL-8,NO and UA.

Determination of Kaempferol Content in 10 Batches of Different Production Areas of Yao Medicine Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance

[Objectives]To determine the kaempferol content in Yao medicine Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance.[Methods]The high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was used.The chromatographic column:Inertsil ODS-3 C18 column(4.60 mm×250 mm,5μm);mobile phase:acetonitrile-0.1%glacial acetic acid;flow rate:1.0 mL/min;column temperature:30℃;detection wavelength:360 nm;sample injection volume:10μL.[Results]The kaempferol content in Yao medicine L.foenum-graecum was determined,Y=20652X-151098(R=0.9997)shows a good linear relationship within the linear range of 9.80-156.8μg/mL.[Conclusions]The high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was established for determining the kaempferol content in Yao medicine L.foenum-graecum.This method is expected to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of quality control methods for L.foenum-graecum.

Extraction Technology and Content Determination of Total Flavonoids from Traditional Chinese Medicine Yipichou

[Objectives]The research aimed to optimize extraction technology of total flavonoids from traditional Chinese medicine Yipichou,and establish methods of extraction and content determination of its medicinal materials.[Methods]Using reflux extraction method,total flavonoids of Yipichou were extracted.Via single-factor test,influence of extraction method,extraction solvent concentration,extraction volume and extraction time on content of total flavonoids from Yipichou was inspected.Using orthogonal test,extraction conditions were optimized,and optimal extraction technology of total flavonoids from Yipichou was obtained.[Results]The optimal extraction process of total flavonoids from Yipichou was as below:70%of methanol,1∶40 of solid-liquid ratio,and 1.0 h of reflux extraction time.[Conclusions]In the test,total flavonoids were extracted from Yipichou,with better repeatability,and stable and feasible method,which could provide certain scientific basis for studying quality standard of this medicinal material.

Establishment of the Determination Methods of Total Anthraquinone Content in Different Processed Products of Rhubarb

[Objectives]Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was established for the determination of total content of anthraquinone in different processed products of rhubarb.[Methods]Emodin was used as the control substance,and its color was developed by magnesium acetate methanol solution with the concentration of 1%,the absorbance was determined at the wavelength of 516 nm,the content of total anthraquinone in different processed products of rhubarb was determined to compare the content differences.[Results]The regression equation was y=0.0452 x+0.0015,R 2=0.9991.Emodin had a good linear range in the concentration of 0.98-23.52μg/mL,with high accuracy,good repeatability and stable detection results.This method revealed the content changes of total anthraquinone in rhubarb before and after processing.[Conclusions]This method could be used as the quality control method of different processed products of rhubarb,and provided reference for the comprehensive development and utilization of rhubarb resources in the future.

Dual-wavelength bidirectional pumped high-power Raman fiber laser

In this paper, we reported both the experimental demonstration and theoretical analysis of a Raman fiber laser based on a master oscillator–power amplifier configuration. The Raman fiber laser adopted the dual-wavelength bidirectional pumping configuration, utilizing 976 nm laser diodes and 1018 nm fiber lasers as the pump sources. A 60-m-long25/400 μm ytterbium-doped fiber was used to convert the power from 1070 to 1124 nm, realizing a maximum power output of 3.7 kW with a 3 dB spectral width of 6.8 nm. Moreover, we developed a multi-frequency model taking into consideration the Raman gain spectrum and amplified spontaneous emission. The calculated spectral broadening of both the forward and backward laser was in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, a 1.5 kW, 1183 nm second-order Raman fiber laser was further experimentally demonstrated by the addition of a 70-m-long germaniumdoped passive fiber.

Research on multi-kilowatts level tapered fiber bundle N × 1 pumping combiner for high power fiber laser

Pumping combiner is a kernel component of high power fiber laser （HPFL）. We demonstrate two types of tapered fiber bundle （TFB） end-pumping combiner able to combining multi-kilowatts of pumping laser. After the experimental test of coupling performance, the 3xl coupler is proved to have a power handling capacity of 2.11 kW with a coupling efficiency of 95.1%, and the 7× 1 coupler is capable of handling pumping power of 4.72 kW with a coupling efficiency of 99.4%. These two coupler have obtained the ability to be used in laser diodes （LDs） direct beam combining and the pumping coupling of multikilowatts level fiber lasers.