永恒悖论:数字新闻的创新困境与ChatGPT的技术解决主义陷阱

2023年以来,ChatGPT得到了中国新闻传播学者的广泛关注,但新闻业的专业工作及其对公共生活的承诺需要在多大程度上依赖于该技术应用才能兑现的问题始终未有解答。借鉴制度主义视角下的新闻业与数字新闻创新理论资源,结合对中国知网论文学术话语中ChatGPT与新闻业关系论述的系统综述,本研究发现,作为新技术的生成式人工智能与数字新闻业在根本目标上存在不一致的情况,而学术话语依然呼吁新闻业主要通过吸纳技术来解决社会问题。基于这种技术解决主义应许的经济增长神话与新闻业基本目标的背离,本研究进一步揭示了技术中心论视角下的新闻创新焦虑催生ChatGPT讨论热潮的内在结构性动因,对新闻业诉诸包括大数据、虚拟现实和元宇宙等在内的一系列技术行动元,以期自动解决行动者困境的逻辑悖论,为其可能带来的潜在危险提出了预警和未来建议。

让事实核查更受欢迎?采用群众举报和亲民话语纠正阴谋论的多重后果

近年来,事实核查的对象从政客声言逐渐转向用户发布的阴谋论。中国社交媒体平台上出现的举报式辟谣以其广泛参与的用户和亲民风格的话语,丰富了针对阴谋论的信息纠偏实践。本研究通过一项2(纠偏形态:专业核查vs群众举报)×2(话语风格:客观陈述vs亲民风格)被试间设计的在线调查实验(N=917),实证检验了上述因素的相互作用对读者阴谋论信念降低、纠偏信息互动意向和事实核查好感度的影响。研究发现,无论是采用客观陈述开展参与式辟谣,还是专业记者结合亲民话语风格开展核查,“出其不意”的组合更能降低阴谋论信念;人们对记者撰写的客观事实核查有更强的读转赞评意愿,但在社交媒体中与纠偏信息积极互动也可能是阴谋论信念高涨的结果;总体而言,发动群众举报开展信息纠偏可能以牺牲人们对事实核查的好感度为代价。研究就上述发现对事实核查新闻业避免媒体民粹主义的理论意涵和实践启示展开了讨论。

从“核查什么”到“谁来核查”:事实核查的边界协商及其规范性愿景

近年来,事实核查这一新型新闻样式正得到新闻从业者社群内外的共同青睐。从“核查什么”到“谁来核查”,事实核查的行动者日益多元。本文由此指出事实核查当前面临的边界协商,并认为其核心问题是数字化新闻变迁中的元新闻话语重塑。参与式事实核查的规范性愿景在于确立新闻活动的认知权威,使核查发掘的事实性信息和抵近的真相构成公众共同的社会知识,奠定开展公共讨论、塑造共识、影响公共政策的基础。

Intellectual Property Protection and High Quality Development of Radix Glycyrrhizae for Treatment of COVID-19

Radix Glycyrrhizae is the dominant native medicinal material variety in the north and northwestern medicinal materials producing areas.It is a main Chinese medicine of effective TCM drugs and formulas for the treatment of new coronavirus disease(COVID-19).This paper introduces the medicinal value of Radix Glycyrrhizae,involving the labeling,cultural heritage,and creative intellectual property rights of the Chinese medicinal materials,analyzes the poverty-stricken areas that are ecologically suitable for Radix Glycyrrhizae cultivation,and the superior counties and production bases of the Chinese medicinal materials.Besides,mainly from the aspects of perfect intellectual property rights,the establishment of authentic medicinal material production bases,and the construction of quality control systems,etc.,it discusses the rural revitalization strategy and the development strategy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),agricultural intellectual property protection and high-quality development strategy of Radix Glycyrrhizae.

Study on the Inheritance,Innovation and Development of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in the Treatment of COVID-19

The discovery of highly effective medicine"Qingfei Paidu Decoction"for COVID-19 is a new era gift of traditional Chinese medicine to the world.The traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi,as a medicinal plant in the family of Labiatae,is the dominant variety of genuine medicinal material in North China.It is the leading traditional Chinese medicine in the advantageous area of agricultural products with Chinese characteristics in Shangdang of Changzhi City,and it is one of the 21 herbal medicines in the new national prescription"Qingfei Paidu Decoction"for the rapid and effective treatment of COVID-19.This paper introduces S.baicalensis Georgi and its traditional Chinese medicine GAP base,ecologically suitable planting county and medicinal value in poor areas,and studies the intellectual property resources related to S.baicalensis Georgi,such as traditional knowledge,biological genetic resources,patents,new plant varieties,geographical indications,and trademarks.This paper mainly discusses the inheritance essence,innovation and high-quality development strategy of S.baicalensis Georgi under the rural revitalization strategy and traditional Chinese medicine development strategy from the aspects of intellectual property rights,important agricultural cultural heritage,advantageous areas of characteristic agricultural products and so on.

Vertical Profiles of Volatile Organic Compounds in Suburban Shanghai

As Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs)are one of the precursors of ozone,their distribution and variable concentrations are highly related to local ozone pollution control.In this study,we obtained vertical profiles of VOCs in Shanghai’s Jinshan district on 8 September and 9 September in 2016 to investigate their distribution and impact on local atmospheric oxidation in the near surface layer.Vertical samples were collected from heights between 50 m and 400 m by summa canisters using an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV).Concentrations of VOCs(VOCs refers to the 52 species measured in this study)varied minimally below 200 m,and decreased by 21.2%from 100 m to 400 m.The concentrations of VOCs above 200 m decreased significantly in comparison to those below 200 m.The proportions of alkanes and aromatics increased from 55.2%and 30.5%to 57.3%and 33.0%,respectively.Additionally,the proportion of alkenes decreased from 13.2%to 8.4%.Toluene and m/p-xylene were the key species in the formation of SOA and ozone.Principal component analysis(PCA)revealed that the VOCs measured in this study mainly originated from industrial emissions.

Influence of meteorological factors on open biomass burning at a background site in Northeast China

Biomass burning(BB)is a very important emission source that significantly adversely impacts regional air quality.BB produces a large number of primary organic aerosol(POA)and black carbon(BC).Besides,BB also provides many precursors for secondary organic aerosol(SOA)generation.In this work,the ratio of levoglucosan(LG)to organic carbon(OC)and the fire hotspots map was used to identify the open biomass burning(OBB)events,which occurred in two representative episodes,October 13 to November 30,2020,and April1 to April 30,2021.The ratio of organic aerosol(OA)to reconstructed PM_(2.5)concentration(PM_(2.5)^(*))increased with the increase of LG/OC.When LG/OC ratio is higher than 0.03,the highest OA/PM_(2.5)^(*)ratio can reach 80%,which means the contribution of OBB to OA is crucial.According to the ratio of LG to K^(+),LG to mannosan(MN)and the regional characteristics of Longfengshan,it can be determined that the crop residuals are the main fuel.The occurrence of OBB coincides with farmers’preferred choices,i.e.,burning biomass in“bright weather”.The“bright weather”refers to the meteorological conditions with high temperature,low humidity,and without rain.Meteorological factors indirectly affect regional biomass combustion pollution by influencing farmers’active choices.

Secondary organic aerosols in Jinan, an urban site in North China: Significant anthropogenic contributions to heavy pollution

Secondary organic aerosols(SOAs) are an important component of particulates, but whether biogenic SOAs(BSOAs) or anthropogenic SOAs(ASOAs) are the dominant contributors to haze pollution remains poorly characterized. In this study, particulate samples were collected from September 2014 to August 2015 at an urban site in Jinan, which is the capital of Shandong Province and a typical city in the North China Plain. The PM2.5 samples were analyzed for BSOA(isoprene(SOAI) and monoterpenes(SOAM)) and ASOA(aromatic(SOAA)) tracers. The concentrations of the SOAAtracer(1.1 ± 1.0 ng/m3) were lowest, and those of SOAItracers(41.8 ± 86.2 ng/m3) were highest, with the concentrations of SOAMtracers(19.4 ± 9.9 ng/m3) being intermediate. The SOAItracers were more abundant in the summer and less abundant in the winter. Both SOAIand SOAMincreased with increasing ozone level but decreased with increasing NOx level. Correlation analysis revealed a good correlation between 2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid and levoglucosan levels in three seasons. These results suggested that biomass burning activities occurring in the NCP can enhance the emissions of aromatics and should be controlled, especially in the autumn and winter. SOA tracers were classified according to pollution degree, and the results showed that as pollution increases, the contributions of SOAAincrease. These results indicate that reducing anthropogenic emissions is necessary to prevent SOA pollution, especially during heavy pollution episodes.