The slow water dissociation is the rate-determining step that slows down the reaction rate in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Optimizing the surface electronic structure of the catalyst to lower the energy b...The slow water dissociation is the rate-determining step that slows down the reaction rate in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Optimizing the surface electronic structure of the catalyst to lower the energy barrier of water dissociation and regulating the binding strength of adsorption intermediates are crucial strategy for boosting the catalytic performance of HER.In this study,RuO_(2)/BaRuO_(3)(RBRO)heterostructures with abundant oxygen vacancies and lattice distortion were in-situ constructed under a low temperature via the thermal decomposition of gel-precursor.The RBRO heterostructures obtained at 550℃ exhibited the highest HER activity in 1 M KOH,showing an ultra-low overpotential of 16 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and a Tafel slope of 33.37 m V dec^(-1).Additionally,the material demonstrated remarkable durability,with only 25 mV of degradation in overpotential after 200 h of stability testing at 10 mA cm^(-2).Density functional theory calculations revealed that the redistribution of charges at the heterojunction interface can optimize the binding energies of H*and OH*and effectively lower the energy barrier of water dissociation.This research offers novel perspectives on surpassing the water dissociation threshold of alkaline HER catalysts by means of a systematic design of heterogeneous interfaces.展开更多
The detrimental effect of imprint,which can cause misreading problem,has hindered the application of ferroelectric HfO_(2).In this work,we present results of a comprehensive reliability evaluation of Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O...The detrimental effect of imprint,which can cause misreading problem,has hindered the application of ferroelectric HfO_(2).In this work,we present results of a comprehensive reliability evaluation of Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)-based ferroelectric random access memory.The influence of imprint on the retention and endurance is demonstrated.Furthermore,a solution in circuity is pro-posed to effectively solve the misreading problem caused by imprint.展开更多
In-Ga-Zn-O(IGZO) channel based thin-film transistors(TFT), which exhibit high on-off current ratio and relatively high mobility, has been widely researched due to its back end of line(BEOL)-compatible potential for th...In-Ga-Zn-O(IGZO) channel based thin-film transistors(TFT), which exhibit high on-off current ratio and relatively high mobility, has been widely researched due to its back end of line(BEOL)-compatible potential for the next generation dynamic random access memory(DRAM) application. In this work, thermal atomic layer deposition(TALD) indium gallium zinc oxide(IGZO) technology was explored. It was found that the atomic composition and the physical properties of the IGZO films can be modulated by changing the sub-cycles number during atomic layer deposition(ALD) process. In addition, thin-film transistors(TFTs) with vertical channel-all-around(CAA) structure were realized to explore the influence of different IGZO films as channel layers on the performance of transistors. Our research demonstrates that TALD is crucial for high density integration technology, and the proposed vertical IGZO CAA-TFT provides a feasible path to break through the technical problems for the continuous scale of electronic equipment.展开更多
[Objectives] To establish a determination method for the content of total lignanoids in Tangjiangshenkang granules. [Methods] Two-wavelength ultraviolet spectrophotometry (TWBS) was used to scan arctiin control soluti...[Objectives] To establish a determination method for the content of total lignanoids in Tangjiangshenkang granules. [Methods] Two-wavelength ultraviolet spectrophotometry (TWBS) was used to scan arctiin control solution, chlorogenic acid control solution and Tangjiangshenkang granule test solution in the range of 200-400 nm. In the ultraviolet scanning diagram of arctiin reference solution, the maximum absorption wavelength of 280 nm was determined as the determination wavelength λ 1, the detection wavelength in the ultraviolet scanning diagram of chlorogenic acid reference solution ( λ 1=280 nm) was determined, and 350 nm was the reference wavelength λ 2;the content of total lignosides in Tangjiangshenkang granules was determined with arctiin as the reference substance. [Results] The precision, accuracy, and durability of this method were fine. The concentration of arctiin was linearly correlated with the absorbance difference in the range of 0.007 95-0.071 55 mg/mL ( r =0. 999 9). The average recovery of arctiin was 100.8%, and the RSD value was 1.04% ( n =6). Calculated as arctiin, three batches of Tangjiangshenkang granules contain no less than 20% of total lignosides. [Conclusions] The method has the advantages of simple operation, good accuracy, precision and reliable stability. It can be used as the content determination and quality control method of total lignosides in Tangjiangshenkang granules.展开更多
Controlling the spin transport at the single-molecule level,especially without the use of ferromagnetic contacts,becomes a focus of research in spintronics.Inspired by the progress on atomic-level molecular synthesis,...Controlling the spin transport at the single-molecule level,especially without the use of ferromagnetic contacts,becomes a focus of research in spintronics.Inspired by the progress on atomic-level molecular synthesis,through firstprinciples calculations,we investigate the spin-dependent electronic transport of graphene nanoflakes with side-bonded functional groups,contacted by atomic carbon chain electrodes.It is found that,by rotating the functional group,the spin polarization of the transmission at the Fermi level could be switched between completely polarized and unpolarized states.Moreover,the transition between spin-up and spin-down polarized states can also be achieved,operating as a dual-spin filter.Further analysis shows that,it is the spin-dependent shift of density of states,caused by the rotation,that triggers the shift of transmission peaks,and then results in the variation of spin polarization.Such a feature is found to be robust to the length of the nanoflake and the electrode material,showing great application potential.Those findings may throw light on the development of spintronic devices.展开更多
To investigate the feasibility and safety of alginate fibers loaded with chlorhexidine gluconate(CHG)for biomedical applications,vitro cytotoxic test and drug release pattern were studied.Discovery Studio(DS),a comput...To investigate the feasibility and safety of alginate fibers loaded with chlorhexidine gluconate(CHG)for biomedical applications,vitro cytotoxic test and drug release pattern were studied.Discovery Studio(DS),a computer aided software,was utilized to briefly investigate the energy state and solvation at the molecular level.Alginate fiber loaded with CHG presented different drug release patterns in PBS and A solution.Cytotoxicity results indicated that CHG-loaded alginate fibers can promote the growth of L-929 mouse fibroblast cells with better biocompatibility.Through the simulation,the lowest energy conformation of three representative molecular bond regions was optimized with stronger stability.As the torsional energy increased,the bond energy of the target regions decreased.Besides,the transition energy of the target regions was greatly reduced by solvation.In a word,alginate fibers loaded with CHG expressed better biocompatibility and drug sustained-release ability,which indicates that CHG-loaded alginate fibers has a broad application prospect in medical dressing.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to understand the control effect of 50% chlorantraniliprole FSB on Spodoptera frugiperda and its influence on corn growth.[Method]Field efficacy test was carried out to comprehensively evaluat...[Objective]The paper was to understand the control effect of 50% chlorantraniliprole FSB on Spodoptera frugiperda and its influence on corn growth.[Method]Field efficacy test was carried out to comprehensively evaluate the safety of 50% chlorantraniliprole FSB on corn growth.[Result]50%chlorantraniliprole FSB had good control effects on S.frugiperda,while corns also had good seedling emergence rate and strong growth at 14 and 20 d post sowing.There were significant difference in yield between treatment area and farmers’governance area,and high benefits had been achieved in treatment area.[Conclusion]The technology is eco-friendly,economical and practical,and can be popularized and applied in large-scale field production.展开更多
Efficient translation mediated by the 5'untranslated region(5'UTR)is essential for the robust efficacy of mRNA vaccines.However,the N1-methyl-pseudouridine(m1)modification of mRNA can impact the translation ef...Efficient translation mediated by the 5'untranslated region(5'UTR)is essential for the robust efficacy of mRNA vaccines.However,the N1-methyl-pseudouridine(m1)modification of mRNA can impact the translation efficiency of the 5'UTR.We discovered that the optimal 5'UTR for m1y-modified mRNA(m1y-5'UTR)differs significantly from its unmodified counterpart,high-lighting the need for a specialized tool for designing mly-5'UTRs rather than directly utilizing high-expression endogenous gene 5'UTRs.In response,we developed a novel machine learning-based tool,Smart5UTR,which employs a deep generative model to identify superior m1y-5'UTRs in silico.The tailored loss function and network architecture enable Smart5UTR to overcome limitations inherent in existing models.As a result,Smart5UTR can successfully design superior 5'UTRs,greatly benefiting mRNA vaccine development.Notably,Smart5UTR-designed superior 5'UTRs significantly enhanced antibody titers induced by COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against the Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2,surpassing the performance of vaccines using high-expression endogenous gene 5'UTRs.展开更多
Developing efficient pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalysts is critical in the field of water electrolysis,however,which is severely hampered by the sluggish kinetics in alkaline media.Herein,a rutheni...Developing efficient pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalysts is critical in the field of water electrolysis,however,which is severely hampered by the sluggish kinetics in alkaline media.Herein,a ruthenium(Ru)incorporation induced vacancy engineering strategy is firstly proposed to precisely construct oxygen vacancy(V_(O))-riched cobalt-ruthenium metaphosphate(CRPO)for high-efficiency pH-universal HER.The V_(O) modifies the electronic structure,improves the superficial hydrophilic and gas spillover capacity,it also reduces the coordination number of Ru atoms and regulates the coordination environment.Theoretical calculations indicate that Ru tends to adsorb H_(2)O and H^(*),whereas V_(O) tends to adsorb OH^(-),which greatly promotes the H_(2)O adsorption and the dissociation of HO-H bond.Ultimately,CRPO-2 exhibits remarkable HER performance,the mass activity is about 18.34,21.73,and 38.07 times higher than that of Pt/C in acidic,neutral,and alkaline media,respectively,at the same time maintain excellent stability.Our findings may pave a new avenue for the rational design of electrocatalysts toward pH-universal water electrolysis.展开更多
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in late 2019 has negatively affected people's lives and productivity.Because the mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is of great concern,th...The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in late 2019 has negatively affected people's lives and productivity.Because the mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is of great concern,this review discusses the sources of virus aerosols and possible transmission routes.First,we discuss virus aerosol collection methods,including natural sedimentation,solid impact,liquid impact,centrifugal,cyclone and electrostatic adsorption methods.Then,we review common virus aerosol detection methods,including virus culture,metabolic detection,nucleic acid-based detection and immunology-based detection methods.Finally,possible solutions for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols are introduced.Point-of-care testing has long been a focus of attention.In the near future,the development of an instrument that integrates sampling and output results will enable the real-time,automatic monitoring of patients.展开更多
Melatonin receptor 1B(MT2,encoded by the MTNR1B gene),a high-affinity receptor for melatonin,is associated with glucose homeostasis including glucose uptake and transport.The rs10830963 variant in the MTNR1B gene is l...Melatonin receptor 1B(MT2,encoded by the MTNR1B gene),a high-affinity receptor for melatonin,is associated with glucose homeostasis including glucose uptake and transport.The rs10830963 variant in the MTNR1B gene is linked to glucose metabolism disorders including gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM);however,the relationship between MT2-mediated melatonin signaling and a high birth weight of GDM infants from maternal glucose abnormality remains poorly understood.This article aims to investigate the relationship between rs10830963 variants and GDM development,as well as the effects of MT2 receptor on glucose uptake and transport in trophoblasts.TaqMan-MGB(minor groove binder)probe quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)assays were used for rs10930963 genotyping.MT2 expression in the placenta of GDM and normal pregnant women was detected by immunofluorescence,western blot,and qPCR.The relationship between MT2 and glucose transporters(GLUTs)or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)was established by western blot,and glucose consumption of trophoblasts was measured by a glucose assay kit.The results showed that the genotype and allele frequencies of rs10830963 were significantly different between GDM and normal pregnant women(P<0.05).The fasting,1-h and 2-h plasma glucose levels of G-allele carriers were significantly higher than those of C-allele carriers(P<0.05).Besides,the protein and messenger RNA(mRNA)expression of MT2 in the placenta of GDM was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women(P<0.05).Melatonin could stimulate glucose uptake and GLUT4 and PPARγprotein expression in trophoblasts,which could be attenuated by MT2 receptor knockdown.In conclusion,the rs10830963 variant was associated with an increased risk of GDM.The MT2 receptor is essential for melatonin to raise glucose uptake and transport,which may be mediated by PPARγ.展开更多
The movement mode of snakes is crawling,and the living environment of snakes with numerous branches and stones will cause plenty of wear for the snake scales.There are plenty of surface structures and morphology on sn...The movement mode of snakes is crawling,and the living environment of snakes with numerous branches and stones will cause plenty of wear for the snake scales.There are plenty of surface structures and morphology on snake scales to avoid severe wear.Among them,the research towards the keeled structure on snake scales is missing.Therefore,in this research,the wear resistance improvement of the keeled structure on the snake scales and the overlapped distribution of snake scales are investigated.The keeled and smooth snake scales were 3D printed and they were distributed on the substrate in the overlapped or paralleled ways.Besides these four samples with keeled/smooth scales and overlapped/paralleled distributed,there is also a reference sample with the same thickness.Based on the tribology test,the number of grooves of samples with the keeled structures is higher than that of samples with smooth surfaces,which indicates that the keeled structure dramatically enhances the wear resistance of snake scales,especially during the wear in the vertical direction.The experiment on surface morphology greatly compromised the result of the tribology test.In addition,the bottom portion of the keeled snake scales can be protected by the keeled structure.Besides,the overlapped distribution can protect the central region of snake scales and provide double-layer protection of the snake body.Overall,the keeled structure and the overlapped distribution play a significant part in the improvement of wear resistance of the snake skin.These findings can enhance the knowledge of the reptiles-mimic surface structure and facilitate the application of military uniforms under high-wear conditions.展开更多
Illustrated Flora of Food Crops and Their Wild Related Plants in China systematically examines the botanical and morphological characteristics of China's major food crops,such as rice,wheat,corn,sweet potato,potat...Illustrated Flora of Food Crops and Their Wild Related Plants in China systematically examines the botanical and morphological characteristics of China's major food crops,such as rice,wheat,corn,sweet potato,potato,mung bean,and buckwheat.Featuring more than 5000 color photos and 200 line drawings,it offers a comparative study that highlights the kinship and internal connections between cultivated and wild species.The book is an invaluable resource for breeders,offering a comprehensive morphological and genetic database that aids in the development of high-yielding,high-quality,and disease-resistant crop varieties.展开更多
The laboratory rat is a valuable mammalian model organism for basic research and drug discovery. Here we demonstrate an efficient methodology by applying transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs) technol...The laboratory rat is a valuable mammalian model organism for basic research and drug discovery. Here we demonstrate an efficient methodology by applying transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs) technology to generate Leptin receptor(Lepr) knockout rats on the Sprague Dawley(SD) genetic background. Through direct injection of in vitro transcribed m RNA of TALEN pairs into SD rat zygotes, somatic mutations were induced in two of three resulting pups. One of the founders carrying bi-allelic mutation exhibited early onset of obesity and infertility. The other founder carried a chimeric mutation which was efficiently transmitted to the progenies. Through phenotyping of the resulting three lines of rats bearing distinct mutations in the Lepr locus, we found that the strains with a frame-shifted or premature stop codon mutation led to obesity and metabolic disorders. However, no obvious defect was observed in a strain with an in-frame 57 bp deletion in the extracellular domain of Lepr. This suggests the deleted amino acids do not significantly affect Lepr structure and function. This is the first report of generating the Lepr mutant obese rat model in SD strain through a reverse genetic approach. This suggests that TALEN is an efficient and powerful gene editing technology for the generation of disease models.展开更多
The synergistic effect of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory is needed to overcome the problem of wound healing difficulties.Based on the favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of zinc ions(Zn^(2+))and ...The synergistic effect of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory is needed to overcome the problem of wound healing difficulties.Based on the favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of zinc ions(Zn^(2+))and the physicochemical properties of metal organic frameworks(MOFs),we prepared nanosized zinc-based MOF:Zn-BTC with the ability to slowly release Zn^(2+).In cellular levels,Zn-BTC possessed lower toxicity to fibroblasts and enhanced capacity of cell proliferation and migration.It also had good bactericidal effect on multiple drug-resistant bacteria by reducing 41.4%MRSA and 47.2%Escherichia coli.In addition,Zn-BTC also displayed the ability of lowering the expression of antioxidant genes:superoxide dismutase 1,superoxide dismutase 2 and interleukin 6,and enhancing the expression of wound healing genes:transforming growth factors-b and type I collagen.Finally,it also demonstrated that Zn-BTC could effectively improve the skin wound healing of SD rats and had no toxicity on major organs.The favorable biocompatibility,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of Zn-BTC gave a new insight of designing novel MOFs for promoting skin wound healing.展开更多
A desirable methanol oxidation electrocatalyst was fabricated by metal atom diffusion to form an alloy of an assembled three-dimensional (3D) radial nanostructure of SnNi nanoneedles loaded with SnNiPt nanoparticles...A desirable methanol oxidation electrocatalyst was fabricated by metal atom diffusion to form an alloy of an assembled three-dimensional (3D) radial nanostructure of SnNi nanoneedles loaded with SnNiPt nanoparticles (NPs).Herein,metal atom diffusion occurred between the SnNi support and loaded Pt NPs to form a SnNiPt ternary alloy on the catalyst surface.The as-obtained catalyst combines the excellent catalytic performance of the alloy and advantages of the 3D nanostructure;the SnNiPt NPs,which fused on the surface of the SnNi nanoneedle support,can dramatically improve the availability of Pt during electrocatalysis,and thus elevate the catalytic activity.In addition,the efficient mass transfer of the 3D nanostructure reduced the onset potential.Furthermore,the catalyst achieved a favorable CO poisoning resistance and enhanced stability.After atomic interdiffusion,the catalytic activity drastically increased by 45%,and the other performances substantially improved.These results demonstrate the significant advantage and enormous potential of the atomic interdiffusion treatment in catalytic applications.展开更多
The therapeutic use of messenger RNA(mRNA)has fueled great hope to combat a wide range of incurable diseases.Recent rapid advances in biotechnology and molecular medicine have enabled the production of almost any func...The therapeutic use of messenger RNA(mRNA)has fueled great hope to combat a wide range of incurable diseases.Recent rapid advances in biotechnology and molecular medicine have enabled the production of almost any functional protein/peptide in the human body by introducing mRNA as a vaccine or therapeutic agent.This represents a rising precision medicine field with great promise for preventing and treating many intractable or genetic diseases.In addition,in vitro transcribed mRNA has achieved programmed production,which is more effective,faster in design and production,as well as more flexible and cost-effective than conventional approaches that may offer.Based on these extraordinary advantages,mRNA vaccines have the characteristics of the swiftest response to large-scale outbreaks of infectious diseases,such as the currently devastating pandemic COVID-19.It has always been the scientists’desire to improve the stability,immunogenicity,translation efficiency,and delivery system to achieve efficient and safe delivery of mRNA.Excitingly,these scientific dreams have gradually been realized with the rapid,amazing achievements of molecular biology,RNA technology,vaccinology,and nanotechnology.In this review,we comprehensively describe mRNA-based therapeutics,including their principles,manufacture,application,effects,and shortcomings.We also highlight the importance of mRNA optimization and delivery systems in successful mRNA therapeutics and discuss the key challenges and opportunities in developing these tools into powerful and versatile tools to combat many genetic,infectious,cancer,and other refractory diseases.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21721003,22202080 and 22034006)。
文摘The slow water dissociation is the rate-determining step that slows down the reaction rate in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Optimizing the surface electronic structure of the catalyst to lower the energy barrier of water dissociation and regulating the binding strength of adsorption intermediates are crucial strategy for boosting the catalytic performance of HER.In this study,RuO_(2)/BaRuO_(3)(RBRO)heterostructures with abundant oxygen vacancies and lattice distortion were in-situ constructed under a low temperature via the thermal decomposition of gel-precursor.The RBRO heterostructures obtained at 550℃ exhibited the highest HER activity in 1 M KOH,showing an ultra-low overpotential of 16 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and a Tafel slope of 33.37 m V dec^(-1).Additionally,the material demonstrated remarkable durability,with only 25 mV of degradation in overpotential after 200 h of stability testing at 10 mA cm^(-2).Density functional theory calculations revealed that the redistribution of charges at the heterojunction interface can optimize the binding energies of H*and OH*and effectively lower the energy barrier of water dissociation.This research offers novel perspectives on surpassing the water dissociation threshold of alkaline HER catalysts by means of a systematic design of heterogeneous interfaces.
基金This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3606900)in part by the National Natural Science of China(Grant No.62004217).
文摘The detrimental effect of imprint,which can cause misreading problem,has hindered the application of ferroelectric HfO_(2).In this work,we present results of a comprehensive reliability evaluation of Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)-based ferroelectric random access memory.The influence of imprint on the retention and endurance is demonstrated.Furthermore,a solution in circuity is pro-posed to effectively solve the misreading problem caused by imprint.
基金funded in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3606900)in part by the National Natural Science of China(Grant No.62004217)。
文摘In-Ga-Zn-O(IGZO) channel based thin-film transistors(TFT), which exhibit high on-off current ratio and relatively high mobility, has been widely researched due to its back end of line(BEOL)-compatible potential for the next generation dynamic random access memory(DRAM) application. In this work, thermal atomic layer deposition(TALD) indium gallium zinc oxide(IGZO) technology was explored. It was found that the atomic composition and the physical properties of the IGZO films can be modulated by changing the sub-cycles number during atomic layer deposition(ALD) process. In addition, thin-film transistors(TFTs) with vertical channel-all-around(CAA) structure were realized to explore the influence of different IGZO films as channel layers on the performance of transistors. Our research demonstrates that TALD is crucial for high density integration technology, and the proposed vertical IGZO CAA-TFT provides a feasible path to break through the technical problems for the continuous scale of electronic equipment.
基金Supported by Major Science and Technology Project"Major New Drug Innovation".
文摘[Objectives] To establish a determination method for the content of total lignanoids in Tangjiangshenkang granules. [Methods] Two-wavelength ultraviolet spectrophotometry (TWBS) was used to scan arctiin control solution, chlorogenic acid control solution and Tangjiangshenkang granule test solution in the range of 200-400 nm. In the ultraviolet scanning diagram of arctiin reference solution, the maximum absorption wavelength of 280 nm was determined as the determination wavelength λ 1, the detection wavelength in the ultraviolet scanning diagram of chlorogenic acid reference solution ( λ 1=280 nm) was determined, and 350 nm was the reference wavelength λ 2;the content of total lignosides in Tangjiangshenkang granules was determined with arctiin as the reference substance. [Results] The precision, accuracy, and durability of this method were fine. The concentration of arctiin was linearly correlated with the absorbance difference in the range of 0.007 95-0.071 55 mg/mL ( r =0. 999 9). The average recovery of arctiin was 100.8%, and the RSD value was 1.04% ( n =6). Calculated as arctiin, three batches of Tangjiangshenkang granules contain no less than 20% of total lignosides. [Conclusions] The method has the advantages of simple operation, good accuracy, precision and reliable stability. It can be used as the content determination and quality control method of total lignosides in Tangjiangshenkang granules.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11705097,11504178,and 11804158)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20170895)the Funding of Jiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Education(Grant No.KYCX21_0709)
文摘Controlling the spin transport at the single-molecule level,especially without the use of ferromagnetic contacts,becomes a focus of research in spintronics.Inspired by the progress on atomic-level molecular synthesis,through firstprinciples calculations,we investigate the spin-dependent electronic transport of graphene nanoflakes with side-bonded functional groups,contacted by atomic carbon chain electrodes.It is found that,by rotating the functional group,the spin polarization of the transmission at the Fermi level could be switched between completely polarized and unpolarized states.Moreover,the transition between spin-up and spin-down polarized states can also be achieved,operating as a dual-spin filter.Further analysis shows that,it is the spin-dependent shift of density of states,caused by the rotation,that triggers the shift of transmission peaks,and then results in the variation of spin polarization.Such a feature is found to be robust to the length of the nanoflake and the electrode material,showing great application potential.Those findings may throw light on the development of spintronic devices.
基金Sponsored by the Enterprise Commissioned Research and Development Projects(Grant No.SDHZ2017005)the Applied Basic Research Project of Yichang City(Grant No.A15-204)。
文摘To investigate the feasibility and safety of alginate fibers loaded with chlorhexidine gluconate(CHG)for biomedical applications,vitro cytotoxic test and drug release pattern were studied.Discovery Studio(DS),a computer aided software,was utilized to briefly investigate the energy state and solvation at the molecular level.Alginate fiber loaded with CHG presented different drug release patterns in PBS and A solution.Cytotoxicity results indicated that CHG-loaded alginate fibers can promote the growth of L-929 mouse fibroblast cells with better biocompatibility.Through the simulation,the lowest energy conformation of three representative molecular bond regions was optimized with stronger stability.As the torsional energy increased,the bond energy of the target regions decreased.Besides,the transition energy of the target regions was greatly reduced by solvation.In a word,alginate fibers loaded with CHG expressed better biocompatibility and drug sustained-release ability,which indicates that CHG-loaded alginate fibers has a broad application prospect in medical dressing.
文摘[Objective]The paper was to understand the control effect of 50% chlorantraniliprole FSB on Spodoptera frugiperda and its influence on corn growth.[Method]Field efficacy test was carried out to comprehensively evaluate the safety of 50% chlorantraniliprole FSB on corn growth.[Result]50%chlorantraniliprole FSB had good control effects on S.frugiperda,while corns also had good seedling emergence rate and strong growth at 14 and 20 d post sowing.There were significant difference in yield between treatment area and farmers’governance area,and high benefits had been achieved in treatment area.[Conclusion]The technology is eco-friendly,economical and practical,and can be popularized and applied in large-scale field production.
基金This work was financially supported by the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of National Key S&T Special Projects(2018ZX09201018-024,China)Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program(2022YFH0001 and 2021YFH0003,China).
文摘Efficient translation mediated by the 5'untranslated region(5'UTR)is essential for the robust efficacy of mRNA vaccines.However,the N1-methyl-pseudouridine(m1)modification of mRNA can impact the translation efficiency of the 5'UTR.We discovered that the optimal 5'UTR for m1y-modified mRNA(m1y-5'UTR)differs significantly from its unmodified counterpart,high-lighting the need for a specialized tool for designing mly-5'UTRs rather than directly utilizing high-expression endogenous gene 5'UTRs.In response,we developed a novel machine learning-based tool,Smart5UTR,which employs a deep generative model to identify superior m1y-5'UTRs in silico.The tailored loss function and network architecture enable Smart5UTR to overcome limitations inherent in existing models.As a result,Smart5UTR can successfully design superior 5'UTRs,greatly benefiting mRNA vaccine development.Notably,Smart5UTR-designed superior 5'UTRs significantly enhanced antibody titers induced by COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against the Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2,surpassing the performance of vaccines using high-expression endogenous gene 5'UTRs.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21721003,22202080,22034006).
文摘Developing efficient pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalysts is critical in the field of water electrolysis,however,which is severely hampered by the sluggish kinetics in alkaline media.Herein,a ruthenium(Ru)incorporation induced vacancy engineering strategy is firstly proposed to precisely construct oxygen vacancy(V_(O))-riched cobalt-ruthenium metaphosphate(CRPO)for high-efficiency pH-universal HER.The V_(O) modifies the electronic structure,improves the superficial hydrophilic and gas spillover capacity,it also reduces the coordination number of Ru atoms and regulates the coordination environment.Theoretical calculations indicate that Ru tends to adsorb H_(2)O and H^(*),whereas V_(O) tends to adsorb OH^(-),which greatly promotes the H_(2)O adsorption and the dissociation of HO-H bond.Ultimately,CRPO-2 exhibits remarkable HER performance,the mass activity is about 18.34,21.73,and 38.07 times higher than that of Pt/C in acidic,neutral,and alkaline media,respectively,at the same time maintain excellent stability.Our findings may pave a new avenue for the rational design of electrocatalysts toward pH-universal water electrolysis.
基金the NSFC(Nos.61701176 and 62071119)Macao FDCT(No.0065/2020/A2)+5 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(Nos.2022JJ50052,2018JJ3130 and 2020JJ5145)Hunan Key R&D Projects(No.2021SK2003)Nanjing Important Science&Technology Specific Projects(No.2021-11005)2022 Special Project for the Construction of Innovative Provinces to Fight the COVID-19 Outbreak(No.2022SK2115)Open Funding of State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases(No.SKLOD2022OF05)Shenzhen Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program Innovation and Entrepreneurship Special Project(No.20220624181237005).
文摘The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in late 2019 has negatively affected people's lives and productivity.Because the mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is of great concern,this review discusses the sources of virus aerosols and possible transmission routes.First,we discuss virus aerosol collection methods,including natural sedimentation,solid impact,liquid impact,centrifugal,cyclone and electrostatic adsorption methods.Then,we review common virus aerosol detection methods,including virus culture,metabolic detection,nucleic acid-based detection and immunology-based detection methods.Finally,possible solutions for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols are introduced.Point-of-care testing has long been a focus of attention.In the near future,the development of an instrument that integrates sampling and output results will enable the real-time,automatic monitoring of patients.
基金This work was supported by the Health Commission of Hubei Province Scientific Research Project(No.WJ2021M129)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2701502)。
文摘Melatonin receptor 1B(MT2,encoded by the MTNR1B gene),a high-affinity receptor for melatonin,is associated with glucose homeostasis including glucose uptake and transport.The rs10830963 variant in the MTNR1B gene is linked to glucose metabolism disorders including gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM);however,the relationship between MT2-mediated melatonin signaling and a high birth weight of GDM infants from maternal glucose abnormality remains poorly understood.This article aims to investigate the relationship between rs10830963 variants and GDM development,as well as the effects of MT2 receptor on glucose uptake and transport in trophoblasts.TaqMan-MGB(minor groove binder)probe quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)assays were used for rs10930963 genotyping.MT2 expression in the placenta of GDM and normal pregnant women was detected by immunofluorescence,western blot,and qPCR.The relationship between MT2 and glucose transporters(GLUTs)or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)was established by western blot,and glucose consumption of trophoblasts was measured by a glucose assay kit.The results showed that the genotype and allele frequencies of rs10830963 were significantly different between GDM and normal pregnant women(P<0.05).The fasting,1-h and 2-h plasma glucose levels of G-allele carriers were significantly higher than those of C-allele carriers(P<0.05).Besides,the protein and messenger RNA(mRNA)expression of MT2 in the placenta of GDM was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women(P<0.05).Melatonin could stimulate glucose uptake and GLUT4 and PPARγprotein expression in trophoblasts,which could be attenuated by MT2 receptor knockdown.In conclusion,the rs10830963 variant was associated with an increased risk of GDM.The MT2 receptor is essential for melatonin to raise glucose uptake and transport,which may be mediated by PPARγ.
基金funded By Key Scientific And Technological Program Of Ningbo City(No.2021Z108)Yongjiang Talent Introduction Programme(No.2021A-154-G).
文摘The movement mode of snakes is crawling,and the living environment of snakes with numerous branches and stones will cause plenty of wear for the snake scales.There are plenty of surface structures and morphology on snake scales to avoid severe wear.Among them,the research towards the keeled structure on snake scales is missing.Therefore,in this research,the wear resistance improvement of the keeled structure on the snake scales and the overlapped distribution of snake scales are investigated.The keeled and smooth snake scales were 3D printed and they were distributed on the substrate in the overlapped or paralleled ways.Besides these four samples with keeled/smooth scales and overlapped/paralleled distributed,there is also a reference sample with the same thickness.Based on the tribology test,the number of grooves of samples with the keeled structures is higher than that of samples with smooth surfaces,which indicates that the keeled structure dramatically enhances the wear resistance of snake scales,especially during the wear in the vertical direction.The experiment on surface morphology greatly compromised the result of the tribology test.In addition,the bottom portion of the keeled snake scales can be protected by the keeled structure.Besides,the overlapped distribution can protect the central region of snake scales and provide double-layer protection of the snake body.Overall,the keeled structure and the overlapped distribution play a significant part in the improvement of wear resistance of the snake skin.These findings can enhance the knowledge of the reptiles-mimic surface structure and facilitate the application of military uniforms under high-wear conditions.
文摘Illustrated Flora of Food Crops and Their Wild Related Plants in China systematically examines the botanical and morphological characteristics of China's major food crops,such as rice,wheat,corn,sweet potato,potato,mung bean,and buckwheat.Featuring more than 5000 color photos and 200 line drawings,it offers a comparative study that highlights the kinship and internal connections between cultivated and wild species.The book is an invaluable resource for breeders,offering a comprehensive morphological and genetic database that aids in the development of high-yielding,high-quality,and disease-resistant crop varieties.
基金supported by the State Key Development Programs of China (2012CB910400 to Mingyao Liu)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371455, 31171318 and 81330049)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (14140900300)
文摘The laboratory rat is a valuable mammalian model organism for basic research and drug discovery. Here we demonstrate an efficient methodology by applying transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs) technology to generate Leptin receptor(Lepr) knockout rats on the Sprague Dawley(SD) genetic background. Through direct injection of in vitro transcribed m RNA of TALEN pairs into SD rat zygotes, somatic mutations were induced in two of three resulting pups. One of the founders carrying bi-allelic mutation exhibited early onset of obesity and infertility. The other founder carried a chimeric mutation which was efficiently transmitted to the progenies. Through phenotyping of the resulting three lines of rats bearing distinct mutations in the Lepr locus, we found that the strains with a frame-shifted or premature stop codon mutation led to obesity and metabolic disorders. However, no obvious defect was observed in a strain with an in-frame 57 bp deletion in the extracellular domain of Lepr. This suggests the deleted amino acids do not significantly affect Lepr structure and function. This is the first report of generating the Lepr mutant obese rat model in SD strain through a reverse genetic approach. This suggests that TALEN is an efficient and powerful gene editing technology for the generation of disease models.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82160430)the Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project(Grant No.GuikeAD21075002,GuikeAD19254003)+2 种基金the Guangxi Scientific Research and Technological Development Foundation(Grant No.GuikeAB21220062)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(Grant No.2020GXNSFAA159134)the Nanning Qingxiu District Science and Technology Major Special Project(Grant No.2020013).
文摘The synergistic effect of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory is needed to overcome the problem of wound healing difficulties.Based on the favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of zinc ions(Zn^(2+))and the physicochemical properties of metal organic frameworks(MOFs),we prepared nanosized zinc-based MOF:Zn-BTC with the ability to slowly release Zn^(2+).In cellular levels,Zn-BTC possessed lower toxicity to fibroblasts and enhanced capacity of cell proliferation and migration.It also had good bactericidal effect on multiple drug-resistant bacteria by reducing 41.4%MRSA and 47.2%Escherichia coli.In addition,Zn-BTC also displayed the ability of lowering the expression of antioxidant genes:superoxide dismutase 1,superoxide dismutase 2 and interleukin 6,and enhancing the expression of wound healing genes:transforming growth factors-b and type I collagen.Finally,it also demonstrated that Zn-BTC could effectively improve the skin wound healing of SD rats and had no toxicity on major organs.The favorable biocompatibility,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of Zn-BTC gave a new insight of designing novel MOFs for promoting skin wound healing.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21771140, 21471114, 91122103 and 51271132).
文摘A desirable methanol oxidation electrocatalyst was fabricated by metal atom diffusion to form an alloy of an assembled three-dimensional (3D) radial nanostructure of SnNi nanoneedles loaded with SnNiPt nanoparticles (NPs).Herein,metal atom diffusion occurred between the SnNi support and loaded Pt NPs to form a SnNiPt ternary alloy on the catalyst surface.The as-obtained catalyst combines the excellent catalytic performance of the alloy and advantages of the 3D nanostructure;the SnNiPt NPs,which fused on the surface of the SnNi nanoneedle support,can dramatically improve the availability of Pt during electrocatalysis,and thus elevate the catalytic activity.In addition,the efficient mass transfer of the 3D nanostructure reduced the onset potential.Furthermore,the catalyst achieved a favorable CO poisoning resistance and enhanced stability.After atomic interdiffusion,the catalytic activity drastically increased by 45%,and the other performances substantially improved.These results demonstrate the significant advantage and enormous potential of the atomic interdiffusion treatment in catalytic applications.
基金supported by the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program(2021YFH0003,2021YFSY008,2020YFH0065,and 2020YJ0238)the Chengdu Key S&T Innovation Projects(2019-YF08-00139-GX).
文摘The therapeutic use of messenger RNA(mRNA)has fueled great hope to combat a wide range of incurable diseases.Recent rapid advances in biotechnology and molecular medicine have enabled the production of almost any functional protein/peptide in the human body by introducing mRNA as a vaccine or therapeutic agent.This represents a rising precision medicine field with great promise for preventing and treating many intractable or genetic diseases.In addition,in vitro transcribed mRNA has achieved programmed production,which is more effective,faster in design and production,as well as more flexible and cost-effective than conventional approaches that may offer.Based on these extraordinary advantages,mRNA vaccines have the characteristics of the swiftest response to large-scale outbreaks of infectious diseases,such as the currently devastating pandemic COVID-19.It has always been the scientists’desire to improve the stability,immunogenicity,translation efficiency,and delivery system to achieve efficient and safe delivery of mRNA.Excitingly,these scientific dreams have gradually been realized with the rapid,amazing achievements of molecular biology,RNA technology,vaccinology,and nanotechnology.In this review,we comprehensively describe mRNA-based therapeutics,including their principles,manufacture,application,effects,and shortcomings.We also highlight the importance of mRNA optimization and delivery systems in successful mRNA therapeutics and discuss the key challenges and opportunities in developing these tools into powerful and versatile tools to combat many genetic,infectious,cancer,and other refractory diseases.