Achieving highly selective electrochemical CO_(2) reduction to C_(2)H_(4) on Cu nanosheets

The conversion of CO_(2)into value-added chemicals coupled with the storage of intermittent renewable electricity is attractive.CuO nanosheets with an average size and thickness of~30 and~20 nm have been developed,which are in situ reduced into Cu nanosheets during electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(ECO_(2)RR).The derived Cu nanosheets demonstrate much higher selectivity for C2H4production than commercial CuO derived Cu powder,with an optimum Faradaic efficiency of 56.2%and a partial current density of C_(2)H_(4)as large as 171.0 mA cm^(-2)in a gas diffusion flow cell.The operando attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectra measurements and density functional theory simulations illustrate that the high activity and selectivity of Cu nanosheets originate from the edge sites on Cu nanosheets with a coordinate number around 5(4–6),which facilitates the formation of^(*)CHO rather than^(*)COH intermediate,meanwhile boosting the C-C coupling reaction of^(*)CO and^(*)CHO intermediates,which are the critical steps for C_(2)H_(4)formation.

Generation of purple-violet chrysanthemums via anthocyanin B-ring hydroxylation and glucosylation introduced from Osteospermum hybrid F3'5'H and Clitoria ternatea A3'5'GT

Chrysanthemums possess no metabolic pathway to synthesize delphinidin because of the lack of endogenous F3'5'H gene encoding the key enzyme in its biosynthetic pathway;therefore,there are no blue or blue-purple chrysanthemums occurring naturally.Currently,the introduction of exogenous F3'5'H into chrysanthemums is an efficient method for breeding bluish chrysanthemums.In this study,we explored the effects of the introduction of mutant CmF3'H(generated via site-directed mutagenesis,T485S,CmF3'Hm)and exogenous Osteospermum hybrid F3'5'H(OhF3'5'H)genes combined with Clitoria ternatea A3'5'GT(CtA3'5'GT)on delphinidin synthesis in chrysanthemum.Among the F3'5'H transgenic lines,those overexpressing endogenous CmF3'Hm could not generate blue flower color,although red color was changed to light pink due to CtA3'5'GT function.Meanwhile,OhF3'5'H introduction promoted the accumulation of delphinidin and its derivatives in chrysanthemum,changing the flower color from red-purple to purple-violet.These results indicate the applicability of exogenous OhF3'5'H and CtA3'5'GT transformation for promoting delphinidin synthesis during the molecular breeding of violet/blue chrysanthemums.

New insights into the correlations between circulating tumor cells and target organ metastasis

Organ-specific metastasis is the primary cause of cancer patient death.The distant metastasis of tumor cells to specific organs depends on both the intrinsic characteristics of the tumor cells and extrinsic factors in their microenvironment.During an intermediate stage of metastasis,circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are released into the bloodstream from primary and metastatic tumors.CTCs harboring aggressive or metastatic features can extravasate to remote sites for continuous colonizing growth,leading to further lesions.In the past decade,numerous studies demonstrated that CTCs exhibited huge clinical value including predicting distant metastasis,assessing prognosis and monitoring treatment response et al.Furthermore,increasingly numerous experiments are dedicated to identifying the key molecules on or inside CTCs and exploring how they mediate CTC-related organ-specific metastasis.Based on the above molecules,more and more inhibitors are being developed to target CTCs and being utilized to completely clean CTCs,which should provide promising prospects to administer advanced tumor.Recently,the application of various nanomaterials and microfluidic technologies in CTCs enrichment technology has assisted to improve our deep insights into the phenotypic characteristics and biological functions of CTCs as a potential therapy target,which may pave the way for us to make practical clinical strategies.In the present review,we mainly focus on the role of CTCs being involved in targeted organ metastasis,especially the latest molecular mechanism research and clinical intervention strategies related to CTCs.

电催化还原二氧化碳合成C_(3+)产物

通过电催化还原反应将二氧化碳(CO_(2))转换为重要燃料和化工原料意义重大,有利于推进工业低碳化发展.如今,该技术路线可以实现C_(1)和C_(2)产物的高选择性、快速合成,但合成高值碳三加(C_(3+))产物的转化率仍较低.本文中,我们聚焦电催化还原二氧化碳合成C_(3+)产物的进展,重点关注CO_(2)转化为C_(3+)产物的催化剂材料、电化学系统和串联反应器这三个方面.最后,本文指出了该领域面临的主要挑战和未来的研究方向.

scPlant:A versatile framework for single-cell transcriptomic data analysis in plants

Single-cell transcriptomics has been fully embraced in plant biological research and is revolutionizing our understanding of plant growth,development,and responses to external stimuli.However,single-cell tran-scriptomic data analysis in plants is not trivial,given that there is currently no end-to-end solution and that integration of various bioinformatics tools involves a large number of required dependencies.Here,we pre-sent scPlant,a versatile framework for exploring plant single-cell atlases with minimuminput data provided by users.The scPlant pipeline is implemented with numerous functions for diverse analytical tasks,ranging from basic data processing to advanced demands such as cell-type annotation and deconvolution,trajec-tory inference,cross-species data integration,and cell-type-specific gene regulatory network construc-tion.In addition,a variety of visualization tools are bundled in a built-in Shiny application,enabling explo-ration of single-cell transcriptomic data on the fly.

论网上美好精神家园及其建设

网络空间是亿万民众共同的精神家园,建设网上美好精神家园是民心所向、网意所趋。网上美好精神家园是人民群众共建共享的提供网络美好精神食粮、满足网民美好精神生活需要、形塑网民美好精神风貌、增强网民追求美好生活精神正能量的网络精神世界。网上美好精神家园建设的目标旨归是在网上精神家园中巩固主流意识形态主导的共同思想基础、培养堪当中华民族复兴大任的时代新人、凝聚推进中国式现代化的强大精神力量,实现网络强基固本、网络铸魂育人、网络凝心聚力三者的有机统一。面对多元多样的网民精神需求、不断出现的网络乱象、隐匿渗透的西方意识形态等现实挑战,实现网上美好精神家园建设的目标,必须铸牢队伍精神支柱、浸润网民精神世界、激发网民奋进动力、构筑道德法律防线、过滤网络空间雾霾。

Confined van der Waals Epitaxial Growth of Two-Dimensional Large Single-Crystal In_(2)Se_(3) for Flexible Broadband Photodetectors

The controllable growth of two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors with large domain sizes and high quality is much needed in order to reduce the detrimental efect of grain boundaries on device performance but has proven to be challenging.Here,we analyze the precursor concentration on the substrate surface which signifcantly infuences nucleation density in a vapor deposition growth process and design a confned micro-reactor to grow 2D In_(2)Se_(3) with large domain sizes and high quality.Te uniqueness of this confned micro-reactor is that its size is∼102-103 times smaller than that of a conventional reactor.Such a remarkably small reactor causes a very low precursor concentration on the substrate surface,which reduces nucleation density and leads to the growth of 2D In_(2)Se_(3) grains with sizes larger than 200�m.Our experimental results show large domain sizes of the 2D In_(2)Se_(3) with high crystallinity.Te fexible broadband photodetectors based on the as-grown In_(2)Se_(3) show rise and decay times of 140 ms and 25 ms,efcient response(5.6 A/W),excellent detectivity(7×10^(10) Jones),high external quantum efciency(251%),good fexibility,and high stability.Tis study,in principle,provides an efective strategy for the controllable growth of high quality 2D materials with few grain boundaries.

A deep learned nanowire segmentation model using synthetic data augmentation

Automated particle segmentation and feature analysis of experimental image data are indispensable for data-driven material science.Deep learning-based image segmentation algorithms are promising techniques to achieve this goal but are challenging to use due to the acquisition of a large number of training images.In the present work,synthetic images are applied,resembling the experimental images in terms of geometrical and visual features,to train the state-of-art Mask region-based convolutional neural networks to segment vanadium pentoxide nanowires,a cathode material within optical density-based images acquired using spectromicroscopy.The results demonstrate the instance segmentation power in real optical intensity-based spectromicroscopy images of complex nanowires in overlapped networks and provide reliable statistical information.The model can further be used to segment nanowires in scanning electron microscopy images,which are fundamentally different from the training dataset known to the model.The proposed methodology can be extended to any optical intensity-based images of variable particle morphology,material class,and beyond.

Engineering membrane electrode assembly for advanced polymer electrolyte water electrolyzer

As an important energy carrier in terms of carbon neutrality,green hydrogen produced by water electrolysis using renewable electricity has attracted worldwide attention.The polymer electrolyte water electrolyzer(PEWE)has the potential to be a mainstay in the green hydrogen market in the future because of its superior performance.However,the development of PEWE is constrained by the slow progress of the membrane electrode assembly(MEA),which is an essential component of PEWE and largely determines the cost and performance of the system.Therefore,the MEA must be optimized from the aspects of reducing cost and improving performance to promote the development of PEWEs.In this review,we first discuss the recent progress of the materials and design strategies of MEA,including the cost,activity,and stability of catalysts,distribution and thickness of ionomers,and ion transport efficiency of ion exchange membranes(IEMs).Then,the effects of all components and interlayer interfaces on the ions,electrons,and mass transfer in MEA and,consequently,the performance of PEWE are analyzed.Finally,we propose perspectives on developing MEA by optimizing the catalyst activity and stability of IEM,interface contact between adjacent components,and evaluation methods of performance.