Tradeoffanalysis of the pork supply and food security under the influence of African swine fever and the COVID-19 outbreak in China

China is the world’s largest consumer of pork and grains.However,African swine fever(ASF)and the COVID-19 outbreak have greatly impacted the pork supply and food security in China.How can food security and the pork supply be ensured under the dual impacts of COVID-19 and ASF?This is a major problem to be urgently solved by the Chinese government.This study indicated that the main pork production and sales areas in China were separated,which reflected the spatial imbalance between the supply and demand.The total area of suitable selected sites for pig farms in China is 21.5 million ha.If only the areas with levels of high and moderate suitability are considered as potential sites for pig farms,the potential pork production can reach 56.1 million tons in China,which is slightly lower than demand.Due to the impact of the ASF epidemic,the food consumed by pigs has been reduced by 34.7 million tons.However,with increasing pork productivity in the future,the self-sufficiency rate of grains may further decline.On the premise that the quality of people’s life is not affected,the diversification of meat supply channels should be realized in an orderly and sustainable way,which might alleviate the pressure on food supply.This study provides a theoretical reference for the spatiotemporal layout of the swine industry and addresses the issue of food security in China under the influence of ASF and the COVID-19 outbreak.

Semi-Direct Visual Odometry and Mapping System with RGB-D Camera

In this paper a semi-direct visual odometry and mapping system is proposed with a RGB-D camera,which combines the merits of both feature based and direct based methods.The presented system directly estimates the camera motion of two consecutive RGB-D frames by minimizing the photometric error.To permit outliers and noise,a robust sensor model built upon the t-distribution and an error function mixing depth and photometric errors are used to enhance the accuracy and robustness.Local graph optimization based on key frames is used to reduce the accumulative error and refine the local map.The loop closure detection method,which combines the appearance similarity method and spatial location constraints method,increases the speed of detection.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves higher accuracy on the motion estimation and environment reconstruction compared to the other state-of-the-art methods. Moreover,the proposed approach works in real-time on a laptop without a GPU,which makes it attractive for robots equipped with limited computational resources.

基于下采样交互时空注意力网络的交通流量预测

准确预测交通流量对于缓解城市交通和线路规划具有至关重要意义。为了解决现有交通流量预测模型在处理时间序列相关性及长期依赖捕获方面的不足,提出了一种基于下采样交互时空注意力网络(Downsampled Interactive Spatio-Temporal Attention Network,DISTAN)的交通流量预测模型。该模型首先结合静态道路空间拓扑结构和时间信息,通过节点嵌入和独热编码构建时空嵌入。然后,在编码层采用下采样交互式学习结构以及注意力机制,以综合局部和全局信息。在解码层,增加过去和当前预测偏差的正则化损失函数,以防止过拟合。最后,通过在四个真实世界数据集上的性能测试,证明了提出的DISTAN的有效性和优越性。

Effects of different cooking methods on peanut allergenicity

Peanut allergy is a type of serious food allergy worldwide.In this study,peanuts were treated with two different cooking methods.The effect of cooking on digestion stability was evaluated by simulated gastrointestinal digestions.The effects of cooking on the allergenicity were assessed by immunoblotting,passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) mice model and rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cell model.Results showed that raw peanuts were more stable to digestion than boiled and fried peanuts.SDS-PAGE showed that the quantities of allergens Ara h 1 (64 kDa),Ara h 2 (20 kDa),and Ara h 3 (38 kDa) in the boiled and fried peanuts were all reduced.Meanwhile,immunoblotting revealed the IgE binding capacities of boiled and fried peanuts were decreased significantly,especially the fried peanuts.In the PCA mice model,the vascular permeability of allergic mice,as well as the release of histamine,were both alleviated in mice gavaged with boiled and fried peanuts compared with raw peanuts.Lastly,the release of β-hexosaminidase of RBL-2H3 cells treated with boiled and fried peanuts was significantly decreased compared with the raw peanuts.In addition,the analyses of circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed that the α-helical content of peanut proteins was decreased after boiling and frying,indicating the structure stability of peanut allergens decreased.The analyses of ultraviolet (UV) spectra showed that aromatic amino acid residues were exposed,causing the change of the tertiary structure of peanut allergens after boiling and frying.In conclusion,the allergenicity of peanuts was significantly reduced after boiling and frying,especially frying.

Developmental origins of adult diseases

The occurrence and mechanisms of developmental adult diseases have gradually attracted attention in recent years.Exposure of gametes and embryos to adverse environments,especially during plastic development,can alter the expression of certain tissue-specific genes,leading to increased susceptibility to certain diseases in adulthood,such as diabetes,cardiovascular disease,neuropsychiatric,and reproductive system diseases,etc.The occurrence of chronic disease in adulthood is partly due to genetic factors,and the remaining risk is partly due to environmental-dependent epigenetic information alteration,including DNA methylation,histone modifications,and noncoding RNAs.Changes in this epigenetic information potentially damage our health,which has also been supported by numerous epidemiological and animal studies in recent years.Environmental factors functionally affect embryo development through epimutation,transmitting diseases to offspring and even later generations.This review mainly elaborated on the concept of developmental origins of adult diseases,and revealed the epigenetic mechanisms underlying these events,discussed the theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.