Sustainable Mining in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

The mining sector historically drove the global economy but at the expense of severe environmental and health repercussions,posing sustainability challenges[1]-[3].Recent advancements on artificial intelligence(AI)are revolutionizing mining through robotic and data-driven innovations[4]-[7].While AI offers mining industry advantages,it is crucial to acknowledge the potential risks associated with its widespread use.Over-reliance on AI may lead to a loss of human control over mining operations in the future,resulting in unpredictable consequences.

Social Radars: Finding Targets in Cyberspace for Cybersecurity

INSPIRED by the insight from American political scientist Lasswell, who summarized the environmental role in societal surveillance [1], Schramm coined the term “social radar” [2] as it resembles the activities of radar in collecting and processing information, playing a crucial role in helping humans perceive changes in the internal and external environment and promptly adjusting adaptive behaviors.

Steps Toward Industry 5.0:Building“6S”Parallel Industries With Cyber-Physical-Social Intelligence

Very recently,intensive discussions and studies on Industry 5.0 have sprung up and caused the attention of researchers,entrepreneurs,and policymakers from various sectors around the world.However,there is no consensus on why and what is Industry 5.0 yet.In this paper,we define Industry 5.0from its philosophical and historical origin and evolution,emphasize its new thinking on virtual-real duality and human-machine interaction,and introduce its new theory and technology based on parallel intelligence(PI),artificial societies,computational experiments,and parallel execution(the ACP method),and cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS).Case studies and applications of Industry 5.0 over the last decade have been briefly summarized and analyzed with suggestions for its future development.We believe that Industry 5.0 of virtual-real interactive parallel industries has great potentials and is critical for building smart societies.Steps are outlined to ensure a roadmap that would lead to a smooth transition from CPS-based Industry 4.0 to CPSS-based Industry 5.0 for a better world which is Safe in physical spaces,S ecure in cyberspaces,Sustainable in ecology,Sensitive in individual privacy and rights,Service for all,and Smartness of all.

The ChatGPT After: Building Knowledge Factories for Knowledge Workers with Knowledge Automation

Briefing: This perspective introduces the concept and framework of knowledge factories with knowledge machines for knowledge workers to achieve knowledge automation for Industry 5.0 and intelligent industries.Introduction The big hit of Chat GPT makes it imperative to contemplate the practical applications of big or foundation models [1]-[5]. However, as compared to conventional models, there is now an increasingly urgent need for foundation intelligence of foundation models for real-world industrial applications.

Effects of Al and Co doping on the structural stability and high temperature cycling performance of LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4) spinel cathode materials

The poor structural stability and capacity retention of the high-voltage spinel-type LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNMO)limits their further application.Herein,Al and Co were doped in LNMO materials for a more stable structure and capacity.The LNMO,LiNi_(0.45)Al_(0.05)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNAMO)and LiNi_(0.45)Co_(0.05)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNCMO)were synthesized by calcination at 900℃ for 8 h,which was called as solid-phase method and applied universally in industry.XRD,FT-IR and CV test results showed the synthesized samples have cation disordering Fd-3m space group structures.Moreover,the incorporation of Al and Co increased the cation disordering of LNMO,thereby increasing the transfer rate of Li+.The SEM results showed that the doped samples performed more regular and ortho-octahedral.The EDS elemental analysis confirmed the uniform distribution of each metal element in the samples.Moreover,the doped samples showed better electrochemical properties than undoped LNMO.The LNAMO and LNCMO samples were discharged with specific capacities of 116.3 mA·h·g^(-1)and 122.8 mA·h·g^(-1)at 1 C charge/discharge rate with good capacity retention of 95.8% and 94.8% after 200 cycles at room temperature,respectively.The capacity fading phenomenon of the doped samples at 50℃ and 1 C rate was significantly improved.Further,cations doping also enhanced the rate performance,especially for the LNCMO,the discharge specific capacity of 117.9 mA·h·g^(-1)can be obtained at a rate of 5 C.

Integrated Inspection of QoM, QoP, and QoS for AOI Industries in Metaverses

With the rapid development of information technologies such as digital twin, extended reality, and blockchain,the hype around "metaverse" is increasing at astronomical speed. However, much attention has been paid to its entertainment and social functions. Considering the openness and interoperability of metaverses, the market of quality inspection promises explosive growth. In this paper, taking advantage of metaverses, we first propose the concept of Automated Quality Inspection(Auto QI), which performs integrated inspection covering the entire manufacturing process, including Quality of Materials, Quality of Manufacturing(Qo M), Quality of Products, Quality of Processes(Qo P), Quality of Systems, and Quality of Services(Qo S). Based on the scenarios engineering theory, we discuss how to perform interactions between metaverses and the physical world for virtual design instruction and physical validation feedback. Then we introduce a bottomup inspection device development workflow with productivity tools offered by metaverses, making development more effective and efficient than ever. As the core of quality inspection,we propose Quality Transformers to complete detection task,while federated learning is integrated to regulate data sharing.In summary, we point out the development directions of quality inspection under metaverse tide.

Qingkailing injection for the treatment of acute upper respiratory infection in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Qingkailing (QKL) injection for pediatric acute upper respiratory infection (AURI).Methods:We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of pediatric AURI treated by QKL and western medicine (WM) in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database,Wanfang,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,PubMed and Cochrane Library from inception to August,2016.Two reviewers independently retrieved the RCTs and extracted information.The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of RCTs.The data were meta-analyzed by RevMan 5.3 software.Results:Ultimately,21 RCTs that involved 2364 participants were included,and the quality of RCTs was generally poor.According to the meta-analysis,the combined use of QKL and WM for treating AURI can be effective,with a higher total effective rate,less defervescence time and less recovery time of tonsil and throat inflammation.Twenty-five adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported in three RCTs,but there were no serious ADRs.Conclusion:The combination of QKL and WM for treating pediatric AURI can result in better effects,but no definitive conclusions can be made regarding its safety.More rigorous RCTs are needed to support the clinical application of QKL.

Assay for the developmental toxicity of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to zebrafish embryos/larvae

Objective:To explore the developmental toxicity and the potential toxicological mechanism of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) on zebrafish embryos/larvae.Methods:Mortality,malformations and increased apoptosis induced by safflower were assessed in zebraflsh embryos from 6 to 96 hours post-fertilization.Enzymes and genes in the anti-oxidative and apoptotic pathways were also assayed.Results:The lethal concentration 50 of safflower to zebrafish embryos was 345.6 mg/L.Hatching inhibition,abnormal spontaneous movement,depressed heart rate,pericardial edema,yolk sac edema,abnormal head-trunk angle,inhibition of melanin release,enlarged yolk,and short body length were observed in safflower-treated zebrafish.Additional apoptotic cells mainly appeared around the heart.Safflower exposure changed the activities of defense enzymes (SOD T,CAT↑,MDA↑,GPX without trend),increased MDA content,decreased caspase-3 activity,and altered mRNA levels of related genes (ogg1 ↓,p53↓,Cu/Zn-sod↑,Mn-sod↓,cat↓,gpx↑).Conclusion:Safflower exhibits developmental toxicity for zebrafish embryos/larvae.The developing heart was speculated as the target organ of toxicity.Oxidative stress and increased apoptosis have roles in the developmental toxicity of safflower.This article provides a novel method to research the teratogenicity and possible mechanisms of toxicity of traditional Chinese medicines that are prohibited or contraindicated in pregnant women.

染色体外癌基因扩增特点与肿瘤发生发展

染色体外DNA(extrachromosomal DNA,ecDNA)是位于染色体外的小片段环状DNA,具有自我复制功能。已有研究证明癌基因在ecDNA上被扩增是肿瘤细胞中的常见现象,并且具有一些值得研究的特征,如与患者的不良预后相关。多种染色体事件参与ecDNA形成,且它的扩增能直接使染色体外癌基因DNA拷贝数增加,加速肿瘤产生和发展。并且,亲代ecDNA细胞不均等传递到子代的分离方式,不仅增加肿瘤异质性,同时增强肿瘤对环境的适应和对治疗的反应能力。本文对ecDNA在肿瘤细胞中的研究现状及其潜在意义作一综述。

Highly efficient and aberration-free off-plane grating spectrometer and monochromator for EUV—soft X-ray applications

We demonstrate a novel flat-field,dual-optic imaging EUV—soft X-ray spectrometer and monochromator that attains an unprecedented throughput efficiency exceeding 60%by design,along with a superb spectral resolution ofλ/Δλ>200 accomplished without employing variable line spacing gratings.Exploiting the benefits of the conical diffraction geometry,the optical system is globally optimized in multidimensional parameter space to guarantee optimal imaging performance over a broad spectral range while maintaining circular and elliptical polarization states at the first,second,and third diffraction orders.Moreover,our analysis indicates minimal temporal dispersion,with pulse broadening confined within 80 fs tail-to-tail and an FWHM value of 29 fs,which enables ultrafast spectroscopic and pump-probe studies with femtosecond accuracy.Furthermore,the spectrometer can be effortlessly transformed into a monochromator spanning the EUV—soft X-ray spectral region using a single grating with an aberration-free spatial profile.Such capability allows coherent diffractive imaging applications to be conducted with highly monochromatic light in a broad spectral range and extended to the soft X-ray region with minimal photon loss,thus facilitating state-of-the-art imaging of intricate nano-and bio-systems,with a significantly enhanced spatiotemporal resolution,down to the nanometer–femtosecond level.

Transmembrane kinase 1-mediated auxin signal regulates membrane-associated clathrin in Arabidopsis roots

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis(CME)is the major endocytic pathway in eukaryotic cells that directly regulates abundance of plasma membrane proteins.Clathrin triskelia are composed of clathrin heavy chains(CHCs)and light chains(CLCs),and the phytohormone auxin differentially regulates membraneassociated CLCs and CHCs,modulating the endocytosis and therefore the distribution of auxin efflux transporter PIN-FORMED2(PIN2).However,the molecular mechanisms by which auxin regulates clathrin are still poorly understood.Transmembrane kinase(TMKs)family proteins are considered to contribute to auxin signaling and plant development;it remains unclear whether they are involved in PIN transport by CME.We assessed TMKs involvement in the regulation of clathrin by auxin,using genetic,pharmacological,and cytological approaches including live-cell imaging and immunofluorescence.In tmk1 mutant seedlings,auxin failed to rapidly regulate abundance of both CHC and CLC and to inhibit PIN2 endocytosis,leading to an impaired asymmetric distribution of PIN2 and therefore auxin.Furthermore,TMK3 and TMK4 were shown not to be involved in regulation of clathrin by auxin.In summary,TMK1 is essential for auxin-regulated clathrin recruitment and CME.TMK1therefore plays a critical role in the establishment of an asymmetric distribution of PIN2 and an auxin gradient during root gravitropism.

Optimal PV array reconfiguration under partial shading condition through dynamic leader based collective intelligence

This paper applies the innovative idea of DLCI to PV array reconfiguration under various PSCs to capture the maxi-mum output power of a PV generation system.DLCI is a hybrid algorithm that integrates multiple meta-heuristic algo-rithms.Through the competition and cooperation of the search mechanisms of different metaheuristic algorithms,the local exploration and global development of the algorithm can be effectively improved to avoid power mismatch of the PV system caused by the algorithm falling into a local optimum.A series of discrete operations are performed on DLCI to solve the discrete optimization problem of PV array reconfiguration.Two structures(DLCI-I and DLCI-II)are designed to verify the effect of increasing the number of sub-optimizers on the optimized performance of DLCI by simulation based on 10 cases of PSCs.The simulation shows that the increase of the number of sub-optimizers only gives a relatively small improvement on the DLCI optimization performance.DLCI has a significant effect on the reduction in the number of power peaks caused by PSC.The PV array-based reconstruction system of DLCI-II is reduced by 4.05%,1.88%,1.68%,0.99%and 3.39%,when compared to the secondary optimization algorithms.

A focused transcriptomic analysis of the TP53-regulated genes identifies the GPI-anchored molecule-like protein(GML)as a favorable prognostic predictor of lung cancer

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.1 The current clinical staging systems cannot adequately predict the prognosis of patients with lung cancer,making it difficult to individualize the clinical treatment of the disease,resulting in poorer outcomes.

User Satisfaction-Aware Edge Computation Offloading in 5G Multi-Scenario

Edge computation offloading has made some progress in the fifth generation mobile network(5G).However,load balancing in edge computation offloading is still a challenging problem.Meanwhile,with the continuous pursuit of low execution latency in 5G multi-scenario,the functional requirements of edge computation offloading are further exacerbated.Given the above challenges,we raise a unique edge computation offloading method in 5G multi-scenario,and consider user satisfaction.The method consists of three functional parts:offloading strategy generation,offloading strategy update,and offloading strategy optimization.First,the offloading strategy is generated by means of a deep neural network(DNN),then update the offloading strategy by updating the DNN parameters.Finally,we optimize the offloading strategy based on changes in user satisfaction.In summary,compared to existing optimization methods,our proposal can achieve performance close to the optimum.Massive simulation results indicate the latency of the execution of our method on the CPU is under 0.1 seconds while improving the average computation rate by about 10%.

A real-world study of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced triple-negative breast cancer

Background:Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is the most aggressive type of breast cancer.Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have been widely used to treat various tumors and have changed the landscape of tumor management,but the data from real-world studies of ICIs for TNBC treatment remain limited.The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ICIs in the treatment of patients with advanced TNBC in a real-world setting and to explore possible correlates.Methods:The clinical data of advanced TNBC patients who received ICI treatment in the Chinese People's Liberation Army(PLA)General Hospital were collected.Treatment responses,outcomes and adverse events(AEs)were assessed.Results:Eighty-one patients were included in the study.The confirmed objective response rate(ORR)was 32.1%,and the disease control rate(DCR)was 64.2%.The median progression-free survival(PFS)was 4.2 months,and the median overall survival(OS)was 11.0 months.PFS and OS were longer in patients who achieved clinical benefit from ICIs and shorter in patients who received later-line ICIs and higher levels of inflammation;specifically,patients with higher TILs had longer PFS.Overall AEs were tolerable.Conclusions:ICIs are effective in the treatment of advanced TNBC,and the adverse reactions are tolerable.A panel of biomarkers including LDH,ALP,and bNLR were identified to predict the efficacies of ICIs in TNBC treatment.

Clinical characteristics and prognostic significance of immunoglobulin isotype switch in patients with multiple myeloma

Immunoglobulin(Ig)isotype switching in multiple myeloma(MM)is a rare form of clonal evolution.The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and prognostic significance of Ig isotype switching by observing Ig transformation in patients with relapse.A retrospective analysis was performed on 506 patients with newly diagnosed MM who were treated at our hospital from February 2005 to February 2020.The patients who experienced relapse were divided into the following four groups according to Ig phenotype:original paraprotein,complete isotype switching,light chain escape(LCE),and non-secretory clinical relapse.For comparative purposes with the original paraprotein group,the last three groups were pooled as the transformation group.Among the 506 included patients,376(74.3%)relapsed.Among them,13/376(3.5%)patients exhibited Ig isotype switching,including 3 with complete isotype switching,3 with LCE,and 7 with non-secretory clinical relapse.Eleven remained sensitive to therapy,exhibiting at least a partial response.Seven patients survived for at least 20 months after relapse.The median overall survival time of the LCE,clinical relapse,and complete isotype switching groups were 6,20,and 76 months,respectively,after recurrence.The clinical manifestations and Ig phenotypes of MM recurrence were different from those at the initial diagnosis in the 13 patients exhibiting Ig isotype switching.These differences vividly conveyed the heterogeneity of the clonal populations and provides direct clinical evidence for MM clonal evolution.

Pre-mobilization platelet count predicts stem cell yield during mobilization in patients with multiple myeloma

Background Autologous hematopoietic stem cell(HSC)transplantation remains the recommended treatment for eligible patients with multiple myeloma(MM).Increasing the number of transplanted CD34^(+)cells shorten the time to hematopoietic reconstitution and increases the overall survival of patients.With the harvest of a sufficient CD34^(+)cell number being crucial,this study aimed to predict the factors that affect stem cell collection.Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 110 patients who were newly diagnosed with MM and underwent autologous HSC collection at Beijing Jishuitan Hospital between March 2016 and July 2022.Multiple factors were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U tests for between-group comparisons.Differences were considered statistically significant at P<0.05.Results We found that patient age affected stem cell collection significantly;for patients younger than 55 years,the number of CD34^(+)cells harvested may be≥2×10^(6)/L,is unlikely to reach 5×10^(6)/L.Platelet count at initial mobilization was a predictor of the number of CD34^(+)cells collected.Collection may fail when the platelet count at initial mobilization is below 17×10^(9)/L and may be excellent when it is higher than 199×10^(9)/L.Conclusions This finding could guide us to predict the approximate number of CD34^(+)cells collected in advance during autologous transplant mobilization for MM and to decide in advance whether to apply plerixafor to improve the number of HSCs collected.

The Journey/DAO/TAO of Embodied Intelligence: From Large Models to Foundation Intelligence and Parallel Intelligence

THE tremendous impact of large models represented by ChatGPT[1]-[3]makes it necessary to con-sider the practical applications of such models[4].However,for an artificial intelligence(AI)to truly evolve,it needs to possess a physical“body”to transition from the virtual world to the real world and evolve through interaction with the real environments.In this context,“embodied intelligence”has sparked a new wave of research and technology,leading AI beyond the digital realm into a new paradigm that can actively act and perceive in a physical environment through tangible entities such as robots and automated devices[5].

植物胞吞和胞吐的耦合调控

真核细胞通过胞吞和胞吐作用将大分子和颗粒性物质运出或运送至质膜,其中包括一些具有重要生物学功能的蛋白质。胞吞和胞吐途径之间的耦合对维持质膜的完整性以及调控质膜蛋白的丰度和活性至关重要。动物中,突触小泡的胞吞和胞吐在时空上紧密耦合已被证明是持续神经传递的必要条件。近年来,随着对植物囊泡运输的深入研究,越来越多的证据表明,植物细胞的胞吞和胞吐间同样存在耦合调控,且在植物生长发育和对外界环境的响应中扮演重要角色。该文综述了植物协同调控胞吞和胞吐的生理学意义,并结合网格蛋白介导囊泡运输的最新研究进展探讨了其可能的耦合机制。

青藏高原高寒草甸土壤环境对线虫功能多样性的影响

土壤线虫是地下食物网的重要组成部分,在生态系统能量流动和物质循环中起着至关重要的作用。大量研究报道了肥力等土壤环境对土壤线虫物种多样性及各功能群多度的影响,而我们对土壤线虫功能多样性如何响应土壤环境变化依然知之甚少。本研究以群落水平个体大小和个体大小多样性表征土壤线虫功能多样性。在青藏高原高寒草甸选择3个研究点,调查和分析了不同生境(沟底平地、阴坡、阳坡和山顶)土壤线虫物种多样性、各功能群多度和功能多样性及其与土壤理化因子和植物多样性的关系。结果表明:(1)土壤线虫个体多度和物种多样性在阳坡最高,随土壤pH值和土壤总磷增加而升高;而基于个体大小的土壤线虫功能多样性主要受土壤养分影响,随土壤总氮和有机质增加而增加,随土壤总磷含量增加而减少;(2)食细菌和食真菌线虫多度在沟底最高,植食与捕食杂食线虫多度在山顶最低;除捕食杂食线虫外,各功能群多度也主要随土壤磷增加而升高;除食真菌线虫外,各功能群多度随植物物种丰富度的增加而减少。本研究强调了土壤线虫物种和功能多样性受不同土壤环境因子的影响,丰富了土壤线虫多样性研究的内容,为理解高寒草甸土壤动物多样性形成、维持和变化提供了更广阔的视角。