Potential impacts of climate and anthropogenic-induced changes on DOM dynamics among the major Chinese rivers

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is closely linked to human activities in drainage basins and plays a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem functioning and reflecting environmental quality. However, the impacts of climate and anthropogenic-induced changes on DOM in riverine systems under increasingly warming conditions still need to be better understood, particularly at large regional scales. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed a dataset containing 386 published measurements for nine major Chinese river systems, examining dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and optical properties of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) under diverse envi- ronmental conditions, including mean air temperature, precipitation, surface solar radiation, population density, and land use. Our findings indicate that riverine DOC concentrations are significantly higher in northern China (at ∼46.8%) than in the south. This disparity is primarily due to the high input of soil erosion-induced DOM from drying-affected lands (57.0%), farmland (49.1%), and forests in the north. The high temperate and strong hydrological conditions would lead to DOM degradation easily in the riverine system in the south of China. Our study highlights that various climatic and anthropogenic factors, such as agriculture, vegetation coverage, soil erosion, surface solar radiation, and precipitation, individually or in combination, can affect DOM dynamics in river systems. Therefore, considering alterations in DOM dynamics resulting from climate and environmental changes is crucial for carbon-neutral policies and sustainable river ecosystem assessments.

化妆品植物原料(Ⅵ)——在抗衰老化妆品中的研究与开发

随着年龄的增长,皮肤会发生一些变化,衰老是最明显的迹象之一。在皮肤衰老过程中,皮肤表皮慢慢变薄,固有修复能力逐渐减弱,胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白逐渐减少,皮肤慢慢失去弹性。皮肤衰老是不可避免的,但可以采用多种方法延缓皮肤衰老。本文介绍影响皮肤衰老的内外因素,以及皮肤衰老的机制和抗衰老方法。植物提取物可以通过多种途径对皮肤产生抗衰老作用:可以通过防晒作用防止皮肤光老化,可以作为各种活性物延缓和抑制皮肤衰老,也可以通过剥脱作用促进角质细胞的更新和新陈代谢而减少皮肤的皱纹和黑斑等。本文主要介绍有助于胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白和透明质酸合成与抑制降解的抗皮肤衰老的植物活性成分;多酚、黄酮、维生素和类胡萝卜素等,以及作为剥脱剂的植物羟基酸类成分。通过对植物提取物的皮肤抗衰老成分的详细阐述,以期为植物原料更好地应用到抗衰老化妆品中提供借鉴。

A new method of fast measuring surface tension of melt cast iron and its application in graphite shape identification

Surface tension is one of important physical features of melt alloy. Many properties of melt alloy, such as graphite shape of cast iron and modified microstructure of aluminum alloy, can be evaluated by means of surface tension. In order to evaluate and control the melt quality in-situ melting operation, the authors advanced a new method and developed an automatic device for fast measuring surface tension of melt alloy and applied it to the practice of rapid identifying graphite shape of cast iron. In this paper, the principle of fast measuring surface tension, the construction of the automatic measurement device and the examples of evaluating graphite shape of cast iron based on the new method and device are discussed.

Spectroscopy and carrier dynamics of one-dimensional nanostructures

In recent years,one-dimensional(1D)nanomaterials have raised researcher's interest because of their unique structur-al characteristic to generate and confine the optical signal and their promising prospects in photonic applications.In this re-view,we summarized the recent research advances on the spectroscopy and carrier dynamics of 1D nanostructures.First,the condensation and propagation of exciton-polaritons in nanowires(NWs)are introduced.Second,we discussed the properties of 1D photonic crystal(PC)and applications in photonic-plasmonic structures.Third,the observation of topological edge states in 1D topological structures is introduced.Finally,the perspective on the potential opportunities and remaining chal-lenges of 1D nanomaterials is proposed.

二维钙钛矿中高效上转换机制

不同于遵循斯托克斯定律的下转换过程,光子上转换是一种发射光子能量大于吸收光子能量的物理过程.光子上转换可通过多种方法实现,包括多光子非线性吸收、有机分子中的三重态-三重态湮灭、稀土掺杂材料中的能量转移以及声子辅助上转换等~([1~3]).其中,声子辅助上转换是固态激光冷却的理论和实验基础,还可应用于光伏、荧光成像、防伪和激光制冷等众多领域~([4~6]).已有研究结果表明,一些低维材料.

Molecular imaging:design mechanism and bioapplications

Molecular imaging is a non-invasive method to image and analyze the concentration and activity of functional biomolecules in cells or in vivo at molecular level,and plays an increasing role in deep understanding of biological processes,early and accurate diagnosis of diseases,and evaluation of treatment.Nowadays,numerous novel molecular imaging probes have been developed,involving every biomedical imaging modality,such as optical imaging,photoacoustic imaging,magnetic resonance imaging,single-photon-emission computed tomography,and positron emission tomography.In this review,we summarize the development of current state-of-the-art molecular imaging probes.We introduce the design strategies of molecular probes and detailed imaging modalities,and highlight the properties of probes and biomedical imaging applications in cells and in vivo,including disease diagnosis,drug tracking,and imaging-guided surgery.Then we discuss the perspectives and challenges in this emerging field.We expect this review could inspire more effective molecular imaging probes to be developed,achieving the goal towards clinical practices.

Near-Far Field Beamforming for Holographic Multiple-Input Multiple-Output

Recently,holographic multiple-input multiple-output(HMIMO)has motivated its potential use to support high-capacity data transmission with spatially quasi-continuous apertures.As a practical instance of HMIMO,reconfigurable refractive surfaces(RRSs)equipped with numerous metamaterial elements are utilized as antennas by refracting incident signals from signal sources.In this paper,we investigate a multi-user communication system with an RRS deployed as the base station(BS)’s transmit antenna.To mitigate the high overhead of accurate channel state information(CSI)acquisition,the codebook design and beam training are employed to perform beamforming.Given the large scale of RRS,users are likely to be randomly distributed in both the near and far fields around the BS,which is unknown in advance.By considering radiation characteristics in both fields,a near-far field codebook is designed to be applicable to all users,regardless of their locations.To reduce overhead,a multi-user beam training is proposed to serve all users simultaneously by enhancing each codeword capable of covering multiple areas.Considering a general case that includes users in both fields,simulation results indicate that,without prior knowledge of user distribution,the proposed scheme outperforms state-of-the-art ones in terms of sum rate and overhead.

Identification of transient receptor potential channel genes and functional characterization of TRPA1 in Spodoptera frugiperda

Spodoptera frugiperda is a highly destructive pest that has become a global problem due to its robust reproductive and migratory capabilities.Transient receptor potential(TRP)channels,which constitute a vast ion channel family,play pivotal roles in sensing the external environment and maintaining internal homeostasis in insects.TRP channels have been widely investigated for their critical roles in regulating various insect behaviors in recent years.In this study,we identified 15 TRP gene loci encoding 26 transcripts in the genome of S.frugiperda and analyzed their expression profiles at different developmental stages.The results revealed that S.frugiperda possesses four TRPC genes,six TRPA genes,one TRPM gene,two TRPV genes,one TRPN gene,and one TRPML gene,while a canonical TRPP is absent.Moreover,the SfruTRPA1 was functionally characterized using the Xenopus oocyte expression system.The results showed that SfruTRPA1 is activated by temperature increases from 20 to 45℃,and there is no significant desensitization after repeated stimuli within the same temperature range.Additionally,SfruTRPA1 is activated by certain natural chemicals,including allyl isothiocyanate(AITC)and cinnamaldehyde(CA).These findings provide valuable insights to the TRP genes in S.frugiperda.

钯催化2-溴-1,3,5-三甲基苯和异丙基硼酸Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应中配体对产物选择性调控的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算,我们研究了钯催化2-溴-1,3,5-三甲基苯和异丙基硼酸发生Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应的机理,并考察了催化剂中的膦配体对产物选择性的影响.计算结果表明,反应机理主要包含3个步骤,涉及氧化加成、转金属化和还原消除.与没有碱基和水参与的反应相比,转金属化步骤在K_3PO_4和水的辅助下更容易发生.根据Shaik等提出的能量跨度模型, 5c是反应的决速中间体,还原消除步骤中生成产物的过渡态是反应的决速过渡态,并决定了反应产物的选择性.此偶联反应能够生成3种产物,理论计算表明, product-1是主要产物,product-2和product-3是次要产物,这与实验的数据是一致的.进一步计算表明,采用大配体钯催化剂可以抑制异构化和还原副反应,有利于生成期待的产物product-1.

An effective strategy for preparing transparent ceramics using nanorod powders based on pressure-assisted particle fracture and rearrangement

Achieving full densification of some ceramic materials,such as Y_(2)O_(3),without sintering aids by spark plasma sintering(SPS)is a great challenge when plastic deformation contributes limitedly to the densification as the yield stress of the material at an elevated temperature is higher than the applied sintering pressure.Herein,we demonstrate that particle fracture and rearrangement is an effective strategy to promote the densification during the pressure-assisted sintering process.Specifically,Y_(2)O_(3) nanocrystalline powders composed of nanorod and near-spherical particles were synthesized and sintered at various temperatures by the SPS.The results show that the relative density of the ceramics prepared by the nanorod powders is higher than the density of the ceramics from the near-spherical powders after 600℃ due to the fracture and rearrangement of the nanorods at low temperatures,which leads to the decrease of particle size and the increase of density and homogeneity.Based on this novel densification mechanism,ultrafine-grained Y_(2)O_(3) transparent ceramics with good optical and mechanical properties were fabricated successfully from the nanorod powders.

Seasonal variation of the global mixed layer depth： comparison between Argo data and FIO-ESM

The present study evaluates a simulation of the global ocean mixed layer depth （MLD） using the First Institute of Oceanography-Earth System Model （FIO- ESM）. The seasonal variation of the global MLD from the FIO-ESM simulation is compared to Argo observational data. The Argo data show that the global ocean MLD has a strong seasonal variation with a deep MLD in winter and a shallow MLD in summer, while the spring and fall seasons act as transitional periods. Overall, the FIO-ESM simula- tion accurately captures the seasonal variation in MLD in most areas. It exhibits a better performance during summer and fall than during winter and spring. The simulated MLD in the Southern Hemisphere is much closer to observations than that in the Northern Hemisphere. In general, the simulated MLD over the South Atlantic Ocean matches the observation best among the six areas. Additionally, the model slightly underestimates the MLD in parts of the North Atlantic Ocean, and slightly overestimates the MLD over the other ocean basins.

Magnetic properties and magnetic entropy change of perovskite manganites La_(0.9-x)Eu_xSr_(0.1)MnO_3(x=0.000,0.075) by experimental method and numerical fitting

Polycrystalline samples La_(0.9-x)EuxSr_(0.1)MnO_3(x = 0.000, 0.075) were prepared by the standard solid-state reaction method. The results show that the samples preform a characteristic of clusters spin-glass state at low temperature. The samples show a characteristic of ferromagnetism(FM) characteristic in the temperature range of 15-125 K and 15-150 K respectively; the samples show preformed clusters in the temperature range of 125-343 K and 150-325 K, respectively, the samples show paramagnetism(PM)characteristic above 343 and 325 K, respectively. The second-order transitions are found at 118 and 135 K for undoped and doped sample, respectively. When the applied magnetic field is 7 T, the maximum magnetic entropy change |△S_M| value of the samples is near the Curie temperature(Tc), and the value of|△S_M| reaches 2.76 and 3.03 J/(K kg), respectively. In addition, the relative cooling power(RCP) is found to be 425.28 and 443.53 J/kg. The numerical fitting data fit well with experimental data. These results indicate that both the samples have the potential to realize magnetic refrigeration in the high temperature region(T > 77 K).

Mathematical model and simulated annealing algorithm for Chinese high school timetabling problems under the new curriculum innovation

As the first attempt,this paper proposes a model for the Chinese high school timetabling problems(CHSTPs)under the new curriculum innovation which was launched in 2011 by the Chine6e government.Aooording 10 the new our riculum innovation,students in high school can choose subjects that they are interested in instead of being forced to select one of the two study directions,namely,Science and Liberal Arts.Meanwhile,they also need to attend compulsory subjects as traditions.CHSTPs are student-oriented and involve more student constraints that make them more complex than the typi-cal"Class-Teacher model",in which the element"Teacher"is the primary constraint.In this paper,we first describe in detail the mathematical model of CHSTPs and then design a new two-part representation for the candidate solution.Based on the new representation,we adopt a two-phase simulated annealing(SA)algorithm to solve CHSTPs.A total number of 45 synthetic instances with different amounts of classes,teachers,and levels of student constraints are generated and used to ilustrate the characteristics of the CHSTP model and the effectiveness of the designed representation and algorithm.Finally,we apply the proposed model,the designed two-part representation and the two-phase SA on10 real high schools.

Functional nucleic acid-based cell imaging and manipulation

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of organisms.Dynamic analysis and manipulation of specific components in living cells would provide valuable information for the study of related biological processes.Advances in fluorescence microscopy have allowed real-time monitoring of biological events at the molecular level.Meanwhile,the development of highperformance fluorescence probes has become a critical issue.Functional nucleic acids(FNAs)are oligonucleotides with special chemical and biological functions,and aptamers with excellent molecular recognition capability are one of the most important representatives.They have attracted extensive attention in the field of live-cell study,owing to intrinsic advantages of simple synthesis,convenient modification,low immunogenicity and high programmability.This review focuses on recent research progress in fluorescence imaging and manipulation of cells using FNAs,particularly aptamers,as the molecular tools.Finally,a summary is provided and the related challenges are discussed.

Organocatalytic Stereoselective Synthesis of 3-Alkyl-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles Catalyzed by Novel Water-compatible Axially Unfixed Biaryl-based Bifunctional Organocatalysts

In this work,six novel axially unfixed biaryl-based water-compatible bifunctional organocatalysts were de-signed and synthesized for the organocatalytic access to a variety of 3-alkyl-3-hydroxy-2-oxindole derivatives via aldol reactions in water.Organocatalyzed by 5a,the direct aldol reactions of isatins with enolisable ketones under-went readily in water,furnishing the structurally diverse 3-alkyl-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in various stereoselectivi-ties(up to>99%dr and>99%ee).Moreover,a plausible transition state of the conducted aldol reactions was hy-pothesized to shed light on the observed stereoselectivities of the obtained 3-alkyl-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles.

A sample and hold circuit for pipelined ADC

A high performance sample-and-hold(S/H) circuit used in a pipelined analog-to-digital converter(ADC) is presented in this paper. Fully-differential capacitor flip-around architecture was used in this S/H circuit.A gain-boosted folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier(OTA) with a DC gain of 90 dB and a GBW of 738 MHz was designed. A low supply voltage bootstrapped switch was used to improve the linearity of the S/H circuit. With these techniques, the designed S/H circuit can reach 94 dB SFDR for a 48.9 MHz input frequency with 100 MS/s sampling rate. Measurement results of a 14-bit 100-MS/s pipeline ADC with designed S/H circuit are presented.

Complexation of chlorogenic acid enhances the antiproliferative effect of lactoferrin to colon cancer cells

Lactoferrin(LF)shows good anticancer biological activity.Lactoferrin can combine with chlorogenic acid(CGA)in dairy drinks like milk coffee and milk tea.However,the nature and functional changes of LF after binding of CGA are not clear.The stability and binding properties of CGA on LF and its antiproliferative effect on colorectal cancer SW480 cells were investigated by spectroscopic and cell experiments.The results showed that CGA could stabilize LF solution by reducing particle size(below 90 nm)and increasing zeta potential(over 14 in the absolute value).With addition of CGA,the UV absorption peak of LF solution changed(from 287 nm shifted to 290 nm)and fluorescence quenching occurred at the same time.By molecular dynamics calculation,the binding site number of CGA to LF was between 2 and 3 sites.Negative Gibbs free energy of(△G=-25.75±0.84)indicated that the interaction between LF and CGA can occur spontaneously and effectively.Cell viability and apoptosis test showed that CGA and LF inhibited the growth of colorectal cancer SW480 cells in a synergistic way.Most of cells were arrested at G0/G1 phase by the CGA-LF complex.We conclude that CGA can bind to LF to form a relatively stable complex under natural conditions,which increases their antiproliferative function on colorectal cancer cells.

Biochemical Insights into the Role of Guanosine Oxidation on RNA G-Quadruplex

While 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine(dOG)on DNA G-quadruplex(G4)has been studied,the influence of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-guanosine(rOG)lesions on telomeric repeat-containing RNA(TERRA)G4 deserves an in-depth study.The single-strand and guanine-rich characters of TERRA make it vulnerable to form rOG lesions.Our current study demonstrated that rOG located in the internal layer and external layer of TERRA impacted the G4 stability in different ways and perturbed RNA replication,as well as base-pair strength and stability.

Acoustic carrier signal transmission technology and its potential for in-site monitoring of sliding electrical contact used in gas-insulated switchgear/gas-insulated transmission line

A wireless signal transmission technology based on acoustic carrier is proposed,which overcomes the limitation of electromagnetic signal shielding and shows great potential for in-site monitoring of sliding electrical contact used in gas-insulated switchgear(GIS)/gasinsulated transmission line(GIL).Here,the state parameter of the sliding electrical contact is modulated onto the frequency domain of an ultrasound wave.As a mechanical wave,the ultrasonic wave is immune to electromagnetic shielding,so that it could carry the sensing signal to penetrate the metal shielding layer and transmit to the external terminals of GIS/GIL.The principle and signal modulation process of the acoustic carrier based transmission system have been demonstrated in detail.Both simulation and experiment have been conducted to analyse the system characteristics as well as optimise the system configuration.As a proof-of-concept application,the in situ and on-line monitoring of the thermal rise of a slide electrical contact both in a current loading equivalent model and a prototype of GIS is demonstrated.Experimental results fit well with the physical process,and show a good measurement accuracy of 0.6%and tem-perature sensitivity of 400 Hz/℃.