This study aimed to investigate the application of cottonseed protein concentrate(CPC)in Chinese mitten crabs(Eriocheir sinensis).First,the apparent digestibility coefficient(ADC)of CPC,fish meal and soybean meal were...This study aimed to investigate the application of cottonseed protein concentrate(CPC)in Chinese mitten crabs(Eriocheir sinensis).First,the apparent digestibility coefficient(ADC)of CPC,fish meal and soybean meal were compared in crabs(21.72±0.33 g).The protein ADC of CPC was 90.42%,which was signifi-cantly higher than that of soybean meal(83.16%)(P<0.05).The ADC of Phe,Cys and Glu of CPC were significantly higher than those of fish meal,while the ADC of Ile,Leu,Lys,Met,Thr and Ala of CPC were significantly lower(P<0.05).Second,we investigated the effects of fish meal substitution by CPC on growth performance,free amino acid profile,and expression of genes related to nutrient metabolism in crabs.Six diets were formulated by replacing 0%,15%,30%,45%,60%and 75%fish meal with CPC,namely FM,CPC15,CPC30,CPC45,CPC60,and CPC75.A total of 630 crabs(1.68±0.00 g)were randomly divided into 18 tanks(3 tanks per group)and fed 3 times daily for 9 weeks.Results showed that CPC75 group significantly reduced growth performance,feed conversion efficiency,and free Ile,Leu,Lys,Met,and Thr contents in muscle(P<0.05).The contents of free amino acids(Arg,His,Ile,Leu,Lys,Met,Phe,Thr,Val,Ala,Cys,Glu,Gly,Ser and Tyr)in hepatopancreas decreased linearly with the increase of dietary CPC level(P<0.05).The substitution of more than 45%fish meal with CPC significantly decreased the concen-tration of delicious amino acids(Ala,Glu and Gly)in hepatopancreas(P<0.05),which might adversely affect crab flavor.The expression of genes related to antioxidant capacity,protein transport,TOR pathway and lipid metabolism was significantly downregulated by increasing dietary CPC level(P<0.05).In conclusion,based on the quadratic regression analysis of FCR and PER,the optimal replacement levels of fish meal with CPC in crab diet containing 35%fish meal were 32.36%and 35.38%,respectively.It is recommended that Ile,Leu and Thr be supplemented in addition to Met and Lys in the application of CPC.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common malignancies worldwide.With the development of systemic therapies,several studies are currently underway,especially those related to the use of programmed death-1...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common malignancies worldwide.With the development of systemic therapies,several studies are currently underway,especially those related to the use of programmed death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1)immunotherapy.Moreover,studies on transarterial che-moembolization(TACE)and PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy have demonstrated some interesting outcomes.This article reviewed the current clinical evidence on the combination of TACE and PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.Overall,our review summarized that a favorable survival time could be achieved using this combination in most patients.However,complications such as hyperprogression should be taken seriously,and the underlying mechanisms need to be explored.展开更多
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0900400)Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(2023E04J1247).
文摘This study aimed to investigate the application of cottonseed protein concentrate(CPC)in Chinese mitten crabs(Eriocheir sinensis).First,the apparent digestibility coefficient(ADC)of CPC,fish meal and soybean meal were compared in crabs(21.72±0.33 g).The protein ADC of CPC was 90.42%,which was signifi-cantly higher than that of soybean meal(83.16%)(P<0.05).The ADC of Phe,Cys and Glu of CPC were significantly higher than those of fish meal,while the ADC of Ile,Leu,Lys,Met,Thr and Ala of CPC were significantly lower(P<0.05).Second,we investigated the effects of fish meal substitution by CPC on growth performance,free amino acid profile,and expression of genes related to nutrient metabolism in crabs.Six diets were formulated by replacing 0%,15%,30%,45%,60%and 75%fish meal with CPC,namely FM,CPC15,CPC30,CPC45,CPC60,and CPC75.A total of 630 crabs(1.68±0.00 g)were randomly divided into 18 tanks(3 tanks per group)and fed 3 times daily for 9 weeks.Results showed that CPC75 group significantly reduced growth performance,feed conversion efficiency,and free Ile,Leu,Lys,Met,and Thr contents in muscle(P<0.05).The contents of free amino acids(Arg,His,Ile,Leu,Lys,Met,Phe,Thr,Val,Ala,Cys,Glu,Gly,Ser and Tyr)in hepatopancreas decreased linearly with the increase of dietary CPC level(P<0.05).The substitution of more than 45%fish meal with CPC significantly decreased the concen-tration of delicious amino acids(Ala,Glu and Gly)in hepatopancreas(P<0.05),which might adversely affect crab flavor.The expression of genes related to antioxidant capacity,protein transport,TOR pathway and lipid metabolism was significantly downregulated by increasing dietary CPC level(P<0.05).In conclusion,based on the quadratic regression analysis of FCR and PER,the optimal replacement levels of fish meal with CPC in crab diet containing 35%fish meal were 32.36%and 35.38%,respectively.It is recommended that Ile,Leu and Thr be supplemented in addition to Met and Lys in the application of CPC.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common malignancies worldwide.With the development of systemic therapies,several studies are currently underway,especially those related to the use of programmed death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1)immunotherapy.Moreover,studies on transarterial che-moembolization(TACE)and PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy have demonstrated some interesting outcomes.This article reviewed the current clinical evidence on the combination of TACE and PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.Overall,our review summarized that a favorable survival time could be achieved using this combination in most patients.However,complications such as hyperprogression should be taken seriously,and the underlying mechanisms need to be explored.
