Frequency Tunability and Slow-Wave Characteristics of a High-Efficiency Ridged MILO

A high-efficiency ridged magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (RMILO) is proposed and investigated theoretically and numerically in this paper. In the RMILO, ridge-disk vanes are introduced to enhance the power efficiency. Theoretical investigation shows that the ridge-disk can enhance the coupling impedance of the slow-wave structure (SWS), and so enhance the power efficiency. Moreover, the ridge has a weak influence on frequency, so, it influences little on the tunability of the MILO. In simulation, when the applied voltage is increased to 807 kV, the RMILO can get the 3 dB tunable frequency range with 7.6 - 13.9 GHz and the 3 dB tuning bandwidth with 58.6% which has an increase of 27.6% compared with the conventional MILO. So, the tuning performance of the RMILO is more superior. Besides, the RMILO gets the maximum output power of 7.1 GW, the corresponding power efficiency is 22.6% and the frequency is 1.400 GHz. Furthermore, when the applied voltage is increased to 807 kV, high-power microwave with a power of 13.5 GW, frequency of 1.400 GHz, and ef?ciency of 24.5% is generated, which has an increase of 20.2% compared with the conventional MILO. The simulation results con?rm the ones predicted by theoretical analysis.

Research progresses on Cherenkov and transit-time high-power microwave sources at NUDT

Research progresses on Cherenkov and transit-time high-power microwave(HPM)sources in National University of Defense Technology(NUDT)of China are presented.The research issues are focused on the following aspects.The pulse-shortening phenomenon in O-type Cerenkov HPM devices is suppressed.The compact coaxial relativistic backward-wave oscillators(RBWOs)at low bands are developed.The power efficiency in M-Type HPM tubes without guiding magnetic field increased.The power capacities and power efficiencies in the triaxial klystron amplifier(TKA)and relativistic transit-time oscillator(TTO)at higher frequencies increased.In experiments,some exciting results were obtained.The X-band source generated 2 GW microwave power with a pulse duration of 110 ns in 30 Hz repetition mode.Both L-and P-band compact RBWOs generated over 2 GW microwave power with a power efficiency of over 30%.There is approximately a 75% decline of the volume compared with that of conventional RBWO under the same power capacity conditions.A 1.755 GHz MILO produced 3.1 GW microwave power with power efficiency of 10.4%.A 9.37 GHz TKA produced the 240 MW microwave power with the gain of 34 dB.A 14.3 GHz TTO produced 1 GW microwave power with power efficiency of 20%.

Compact intense electron-beam accelerators based on high energy density liquid pulse forming lines

This paper provides a review of the compact intense electron-beam accelerators (IEBAs) based on liquid pulse forming lines (PFLs) that havebeen developed at the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT) in China. The history and roadmap of the compact IEBAs used todrive high-power microwave (HPM) devices at NUDT are reviewed. The properties of both de-ionized water and glycerin as energy storagemedia are presented. Research into the breakdown properties of liquid dielectrics and the desire to maximize energy storage have resulted in theinvention of several coaxial PFLs with different electromagnetic structures, which are detailed in this paper. These high energy density liquidPFLs have been used to increase the performance of IEBA subsystems, based on which the SPARK (Single Pulse Accelerator with spark gaps)and HEART (High Energy-density Accelerator with Repetitive Transformer) series of IEBAs were constructed. This paper also discusses howthese compact IEBAs have been used to drive typical HPM devices and concludes by summarizing the associated achievements and theconclusions that can be drawn from the results.

基于DNA宏条形码技术的大兴安岭北部欧亚水獭冬季食性分析

欧亚水獭(Lutra lutra)是淡水生态系统重要的指示种和旗舰种,然而在人为干扰和环境变化的背景下,中国欧亚水獭种群数量大幅下降,部分地区已局部灭绝。目前欧亚水獭主要分布于我国东北地区和西南地区,其中大兴安岭是维持东北地区水獭种群稳定的关键区域。了解欧亚水獭的食性组成有利于理解其种间关系与生态系统功能,对评估其生存状况、开展保护工作具有重要意义。本研究在大兴安岭北部共采集疑似欧亚水獭粪便样品50份,使用DNA条形码技术对样品进行物种来源鉴定,结果显示其中35份为欧亚水獭粪便。利用DNA宏条形码技术分析粪便中的物种组成,共得到15种鱼类、2种蛙类、5种昆虫共计22种不同的物种类别。所有脊椎动物食物类别中,杂色杜父鱼(Cottus poecilopus)的相对出现频率和相对序列丰度均最高,分别为19.35%和27.32%,其次为黑龙江林蛙(Ranaamurensis),分别为15.48%和21.73%;科水平上,杜父鱼科的相对出现频率和相对序列丰度均显著高于其他鱼类,分别为32.26%和45.72%。结果表明,大兴安岭北部欧亚水獭冬季主要捕食鱼类,其次为蛙类,其中鱼类主要以杜父鱼科为主;此外还在少量水獭粪便中发现有蜻蜓目、襀翅目、毛翅目等水生昆虫,可能来自水獭猎物。本研究结果可为了解水獭种群生存状况、制定相关政策、开展保护工作提供重要参考依据。

Solving Traveltime Tomography with Deep Learning

This paper introduces a neural network approach for solving two-dimensional traveltime tomography(TT)problems based on the eikonal equation.The mathematical problem of TT is to recover the slowness field of a medium based on the boundary measurement of the traveltimes of waves going through the medium.This inverse map is high-dimensional and nonlinear.For the circular tomography geometry,a perturbative analysis shows that the forward map can be approximated by a vectorized convolution operator in the angular direction.Motivated by this and filtered backprojection,we propose an effective neural network architecture for the inverse map using the recently proposed BCR-Net,with weights learned from training datasets.Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed neural networks.

Estimating blue marlin(Makaira nigricans)sustainable yield in the Indian Ocean using a data-poor approach

Blue marlin(Makaira nigricans)is a common bycatch species in the global tuna longline fishery.In this study,we applied a common data-poor approach,i.e.,depletion-corrected average catch(DCAC)to assess stock status of the Indian Ocean blue marlin.Sustainable yield(Ysust),one reference point in this case,was estimated,and its uncertainty was integrated by using Monte Carlo simulation.The results revealed the estimate of Ysust by DCAC was lower than MSY of 11,926 t by BSP-SS and is also lower than the provisional reference point of 11,704 t by the management proposal.DCAC is reliable for blue marlin in driving precautionary management quantity based on the CPUE of Japan(1980–2015).This study also implies that DCAC could be applied to other billfish stocks and uncertainty be estimated for sustainable yield.However,data-poor methods could be adjusted with precautionary approaches.

Dimension-Reduced Hyperbolic Moment Method for the Boltzmann Equation with BGK-Type Collision

We develop the dimension-reduced hyperbolic moment method for the Boltzmann equation,to improve solution efficiency using a numerical regularized moment method for problems with low-dimensional macroscopic variables and highdimensional microscopic variables.In the present work,we deduce the globally hyperbolic moment equations for the dimension-reduced Boltzmann equation based on the Hermite expansion and a globally hyperbolic regularization.The numbers of Maxwell boundary condition required for well-posedness are studied.The numerical scheme is then developed and an improved projection algorithm between two different Hermite expansion spaces is developed.By solving several benchmark problems,we validate the method developed and demonstrate the significant efficiency improvement by dimension-reduction.