Coupling of Adhesion and Anti‑Freezing Properties in Hydrogel Electrolytes for Low‑Temperature Aqueous‑Based Hybrid Capacitors

Solid-state zinc-ion capacitors are emerging as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage owing to improved safety,mechanical and thermal stability and easy-to-direct stacking.Hydrogel electrolytes are appealing solid-state electrolytes because of eco-friendliness,high conductivity and intrinsic flexibility.However,the electrolyte/electrode interfacial contact and anti-freezing properties of current hydrogel electrolytes are still challenging for practical applications of zinc-ion capacitors.Here,we report a class of hydrogel electrolytes that couple high interfacial adhesion and anti-freezing performance.The synergy of tough hydrogel matrix and chemical anchorage enables a well-adhered interface between hydrogel electrolyte and electrode.Meanwhile,the cooperative solvation of ZnCl2 and LiCl hybrid salts renders the hydrogel electrolyte high ionic conductivity and mechanical elasticity simultaneously at low temperatures.More significantly,the Zn||carbon nanotubes hybrid capacitor based on this hydrogel electrolyte exhibits low-temperature capacitive performance,delivering high-energy density of 39 Wh kg^(-1)at-60°C with capacity retention of 98.7%over 10,000 cycles.With the benefits of the well-adhered electrolyte/electrode interface and the anti-freezing hydrogel electrolyte,the Zn/Li hybrid capacitor is able to accommodate dynamic deformations and function well under 1000 tension cycles even at-60°C.This work provides a powerful strategy for enabling stable operation of low-temperature zinc-ion capacitors.

Timing and Single-pulse Study of Pulsar J1909+0122 Discovered by CRAFTS

We report the discovery of PSR J1909+0122 by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope(FAST)as part of the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey.PSR J1909+0122 has a spin period of 1.257 s and a dispersion measure of 186.2 pc cm^(-3).The averaged pulse profile shows two distinct components.We performed a single-pulse study based on a one-hour observation at 1.25 GHz on 2021 August 23.We used a threshold of 5σ_(ep) to measure the nulling fraction(NF)as 63%±1.5%.The longitude-resolved fluctuation spectra and fast Fourier transform spectra of the binary sequences revealed the quasi-periodicity of nulling with a period of 30 rotation periods.We examined the reliability of the periodicity by comparing it to random noise injection.The NF,E,and modulation periodicity P_(M) of PSR J1909+0122 were compared with other periodic nulling pulsars,showing that the source of J1909+0122 has the second largest NF in the population.Long-term timing observations over six months were used to derive the phase-connected ephemeris of this pulsar.The measured P and P values disfavor dipolar geometry for polar gap models,and the prediction for a space-charge-limited flow model in the case of inverse Compton scattering is only just above the death line.In this work,PSR J1909+0122 has revealed possible correlations between nulling behavior and pulsar properties,which will help to shed light on the pulsar emission mechanism and its temporal evolution in future observations.

Simplistic framework of single-pixelprogrammable metasurfaces integrated with a capsuled LED array

Coding metasurfaces can manipulate electromagnetic wave in real time with high degree of freedom,the fascinating properties of which enrich the metasurface design with a wide range of application prospects.However,most of the coding metasurfaces are designed based on external excitation framework with the wired electrical or wireless light control devices,thus inevitably causing the interference with electromagnetic wave transmission and increasing the complexity of the metasurface design.In this work,a simplistic framework of single-pixel-programmable metasurfaces integrated with a capsuled LED array is proposed to dynamically control electromagnetic wave.The framework fully embeds the photoresistor in the meta-atom,controlling the LED array to directly illuminate the photoresistor to modulate the phase response.With this manner,the complex biasing network is transformed to the universal LED array,which means the physical control framework can be transformed to a software framework,and thus the functions of the metasurface can be freely manipulated by encoding the capsuled LED array avoiding mutual coupling of adjacent meta-atoms in real time.All the results verify that the far-field scattering pattern can be customized with this singlepixel-programmable metasurface.Encouragingly,this work provides a universal framework for coding metasurface design,which lays the foundation for metasurface intelligent perception and adaptive modulation.

Clonal variations in cone,seed and nut traits in a Pinus koraiensis seed orchard in Northeast China

Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis Siebold&Zucc.)in Northeastern China has been genetically improved to increase seed yields in addition to timber.To assess seed yield variability and select highly productive clones,14 cone,seed and nut traits were measured and analyzed.Variance analysis showed that all clones were signifi cantly different in various traits(P<0.01).Phenotypic coeffi cients of variation and repeatability of traits ranged from 9.1 to 34.4%and from 27.5 to 97.7%,respectively.Except for the cone layer and cone seed numbers,the other traits were positively or negatively correlated.Three principal components were identifi ed.Seed and nut traits were the most important traits in the fi rst principal component,and cone traits more important in the second.Using correlation and principal component analyses,cone number and other traits were selected to evaluate materials.Twenty-two clones were selected using a selection rate of 10%based on cone number independently or other combined traits.The genetic gain for diff erent traits ranged from 6.2 to 24.3%.The selected elite clones can supply seedlings for reforestation and the selection method can provide a theoretical basis for selection in other conifer species.

Building the metaverse using digital twins at all scales,states,and relations

Developments in new-generation information technology have enabled Digital Twins to reshape the physical world into a virtual digital space and provide technical support for constructing the Metaverse.Metaverse objects can be at the micro-,meso-,or macroscale.The Metaverse is a complex collection of solid,liquid,gaseous,plasma,and other uncertain states.Additionally,the Metaverse integrates tangibles with social relations,such as interpersonal(friends,partners,and family)and social relations(ethics,morality,and law).This review introduces some principles and laws,such as broken windows theory,small-world phenomenon,survivor bias,and herd behavior,for constructing a Digital Twins model for social relations.Therefore,from multiple perspectives,this article reviews mappings of tangible and intangible real-world objects to the Metaverse using the Digital Twins model.

G×E Analysis of Growth Traits of Betula platyphylla Clones at Three Separated Sites in Northeastern China

To select elite materials,the growth traits of 32 Betula platyphylla clones at three separated northern sites in Northeast China were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that there were significant differences among all variation sources in the different investigated traits(P<0.01).Except for the carbon contents,all the coeffi-cients of phenotypic variation of the other investigated traits were higher than 10%.The repeatability of different traits ranged from 0.760 to 0.998.Correlation analysis showed that tree height were significantly correlated with diameter at breast height,but neither was significantly correlated with leaf traits nor element contents.Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis showed that genotype,environment and genotype×environment interactions were significantly different in diameter at breast height,which indicated that environment had a significant effect on genotype.Comprehensive assessment results showed that three clones with high and stable diameters at breast height were selected,and the genetic gains of diameter at breast height on sites Maoershan,Qingan,and Yongji were 21.24%,20.58%,and 38.65%,respectively.The results could provide a theoretical basis for elite clone selection in B.platyphylla and other broad leaved species.

Study on Extraction and Properties of Gelatin from Squid Skin

A kind of aquatic gelatin was prepared from squid skin. The technological parameters for extracting gelatin were optimized by the method of orthogonal design. The fundamental properties of the raw material and gelatin were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows： pH val- ue of 8, temperature at 70 ℃, material-to-liquid ratio at 1：4, and extraction time of 1.5 h. under such conditions, the highest yield of gelatin and the purity were 5.94% and 96.73%, respectively. The physicoehemical properties of squid skin gelatin were coincided with standards of edible gelatin. In addition, the contents of amino acids were similar to many kinds of aquatic gelatin.

早产儿急性肾损伤研究进展

急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)是导致早产儿死亡的高危因素之一,发病率呈逐年增加趋势,其发病机制可能与早产肾单位不足、宫内炎症损伤、尿足细胞丢失等有关。早产儿AKI的发生率随胎龄及出生体重下降而上升,需要强调的是,早产儿AKI并不是独立存在的,其与心、肺、肠道、脑等器官功能存在交互作用,这些器官的受累可增加AKI发病风险;此外,血流感染亦可增加AKI患病风险。临床实践中仍要以血肌酐及尿量作为早产儿AKI的诊断及分级依据。糖皮质激素及咖啡因对早产儿肾脏可起保护作用。由于AKI的治疗缺乏特异性,液体管理及药物使用对AKI的进展十分重要。严重AKI可予肾脏替代治疗,常见的为腹膜透析及持续肾脏替代治疗。

Round empty core infiltration and anti-filtration recharge wells and laboratory recharge tests

Anti-filtration recharge wells are commonly installed in river channels and irrigation canals on the Shandong Peninsula,China,and can be used as an important recharge facility for underground reservoirs.However,during recharge,as the running time increases,the recharge capacity gradually decreases.This study was undertaken to develop a new recharge well and mitigate this deficiency.A round empty core infiltration and antifiltration recharge well and laboratory recharge test equipment were developed.Subsequently,1:25 models of the recharge pond,a round empty core recharge wellhead,and an artificial recharge well were prepared.Using equal recharge levels and ambient groundwater levels,laboratory steady-flow recharge tests on the existing anti-filtration recharge well,the new round empty core infiltration and anti-filtration recharge well,and an artificial recharge well were carried out.Experimental data on the measured groundwater table and single-well recharge quantity were also collected and analyzed.The results showed that compared with the existing anti-filtration recharge well,the new round empty core infiltration and anti-filtration recharge well had stronger anti-deposition and anti-scouring properties,and the single-well recharge quantity increased by 403%.With an increase in the number of recharge tests,the single-well recharge quantity gradually decreased and tended to stabilize as a whole.

Constraint on nuclear symmetry energy imposed by f-mode oscillation of neutron stars

Due to improvements in the sensitivity of gravitational wave(GW)detectors,the detection of GWs originating from the fundamental quasi-normal mode(f-mode)of neutron stars has become possible.The future detection of GWs originating from the f-mode of neutron stars will provide a potential way to improve our understanding of the nature of nuclear matter inside neutron stars.In this work,we investigate the constraint imposed by the f-mode oscillation of neutron stars on the symmetry energy of nuclear matter using Bayesian analysis and parametric EOS.It is shown that if the frequency of the f-mode of a neutron star of known mass is observed precisely,the symmetry energy at twice the saturation density(E_(sym)(2_(ρ0)))of nuclear matter can be constrained within a relatively narrow range.For example,when all the following parameters are within the given intervals:220≤K0≤260 Me V,28≤E_(sym)(ρ0)≤36 Me V,30≤L≤90 Me V,-800≤J0≤400 Me V,-400≤K_(sym)≤100 Me V,-200≤Jsym≤800 Me V,E_(sym)(2ρ0)will be constrained to within-+48.85.56.6 Me V if the f-mode frequency of a canonical neutron star(1.4 M■)is observed to be 1.720 k Hz with a 1%relative error.Furthermore,if only f-mode frequency detection is available,i.e.there is no stellar mass measurement,a precisely detected f-mode frequency can also impose an accurate constraint on the symmetry energy.For example,given the same parameter space and the same assumed observed f-mode frequency mentioned above,and assuming that the stellar mass is in the range of 1.2–2.0 Me,E_(sym)(2ρ0)will be constrained to within 49.5■MeV.In addition,it is shown that a higher slope of 69≤L≤143 Me V will give a higher posterior distribution of E_(sym)(2ρ0),53.8■MeV.

Microreactor platform for continuous synthesis of electronic doped quantum dots

Electronic doped quantum dots(Ed-QDs),by heterovalent cations doping,have held promise for future device concepts in optoelectronic and spin-based technologies due to their broadband Stokes-shifted luminescence,enhanced electrical transport and tailored magnetic behavior.Considering their scale-up requirement and the low yielding of several current colloidal synthesis methods,a stable and efficient bulk synthesis strategy must be developed.Microreactors have long been recognized as an effective platform for producing nanomaterials and fabricating large-scale structures.Here,we chose microreactor platform for continuous synthesis of Ed-QDs in the air at low temperatures.By original reverse cation exchange reaction mechanism together with varying the kinetic conditions of microreactor platform,such as liquid flow rate,the Ag doped CdS(CdS:Ag)Ed-QDs with higher yield have been synthesized successfully due to the continuous synthesis advantages with a high degree of size selectivity.Enabled by microreactor engineering simulation,this research not only provides a new synthetic method towards scale-up production but also enables to improve chemical mass production of similar functional QDs for optical devices,bioimaging and innovative information processing applications.