In edge computing,a reasonable edge resource bidding mechanism can enable edge providers and users to obtain benefits in a relatively fair fashion.To maximize such benefits,this paper proposes a dynamic multiattribute...In edge computing,a reasonable edge resource bidding mechanism can enable edge providers and users to obtain benefits in a relatively fair fashion.To maximize such benefits,this paper proposes a dynamic multiattribute resource bidding mechanism(DMRBM).Most of the previous work mainly relies on a third-party agent to exchange information to gain optimal benefits.It isworth noting thatwhen edge providers and users trade with thirdparty agents which are not entirely reliable and trustworthy,their sensitive information is prone to be leaked.Moreover,the privacy protection of edge providers and users must be considered in the dynamic pricing/transaction process,which is also very challenging.Therefore,this paper first adopts a privacy protection algorithm to prevent sensitive information from leakage.On the premise that the sensitive data of both edge providers and users are protected,the prices of providers fluctuate within a certain range.Then,users can choose appropriate edge providers by the price-performance ratio(PPR)standard and the reward of lower price(LPR)standard according to their demands.The two standards can be evolved by two evaluation functions.Furthermore,this paper employs an approximate computing method to get an approximate solution of DMRBM in polynomial time.Specifically,this paper models the bidding process as a non-cooperative game and obtains the approximate optimal solution based on two standards according to the game theory.Through the extensive experiments,this paper demonstrates that the DMRBM satisfies the individual rationality,budget balance,and privacy protection and it can also increase the task offloading rate and the system benefits.展开更多
BACKGROUND：Various molecular mechanisms of cell death following traumatic brain injury have been previously described.However,the time course of cell death remains unclear.TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade B labeling have been w...BACKGROUND：Various molecular mechanisms of cell death following traumatic brain injury have been previously described.However,the time course of cell death remains unclear.TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade B labeling have been widely used to label apoptotic cells and neuronal degeneration.Propidium iodide （PI） functions as a biomarker of cell death in vivo.OBJECTIVE：To explore the role of PI labeling compared to TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade B staining for detecting neural cell death,and to observe time course of traumatic brain injury-induced cell death in mice.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING：A randomized,controlled,animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases,Soochow University from September 2007 to December 2008.MATERIALS：PI （B1221） was purchased from Sigma,USA.TUNEL kit was purchased from Roche Molecular Biochemicals,USA.Fluoro-Jade B was purchased from Chemicon,USA.METHODS：A total of 70 healthy,male,Kunming mice were randomly assigned to sham-surgery （n = 5） and model （n = 65） groups.Traumatic brain injury was established using the controlled cortical impact method.PI was intraperitoneally injected at 1 hour prior to animal sacrifice.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：TUNEL,Fluoro-Jade B,and Pl-positive cells were quantified using a double-labeling method to determine the time course of traumatic brain injury-induced cell death.RESULTS：PI labeled cells in an earlier phase of cell death than TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade B labeling.Pl-positive cells were observed immediately following injury,and the numbers rapidly increased in injured brain areas at 1 hour,peaked at 24-48 hours,and subsequently decreased at 3-21 days post-injury.TUNEL-labeled cells were significantly increased at 12 hours,while Fluoro-Jade B-labeled cells were increased at 6 hours after injury,with cells still visible at 6-48 hours post-injury.Moreover,a greater number of Pl-positive cells were observed compared to TUNEL- and Fluoro-Jade B-labeled cells.CONCLUSION：PI labeling is more sensitive and reliable than TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade B staining for detecting cell death following traumatic brain injury.Moreover,PI labeling can function as a reliable marker to estimate the entire time course of cell death.展开更多
Nitrile compounds are a class of high-value chemicals and versatile intermediates which can easily be transformed into a variety of useful products bearing functional groups such as carboxyl, carbamoyl, aminomethyl, k...Nitrile compounds are a class of high-value chemicals and versatile intermediates which can easily be transformed into a variety of useful products bearing functional groups such as carboxyl, carbamoyl, aminomethyl, ketyl and heterocyclic derivatives. Various thermal catalytic cyanation procedures have been devised and scaled up industrially while developing alternative methods are actively pursued. The access to these classes of molecules electrochemically offers greener alternatives to their preparation. The development of electrochemical synthesis of cyano-containing compounds under mild conditions with low energy consumption will imminently become indispensable approaches for industrial production of nitriles. The electrochemical cyanation presents many challenges from the toxicity of cyanide to the development of catalysts and the design of electrochemical cells. Electrochemical cyanation reaction offers promise to conveniently accessing nitriles but still requires efficient electro-catalysts, safe protocols and scale up considerations. This review discusses recent progress in the field of electrochemical synthesis of nitrile compounds placing emphasis on electro-synthetic and electro-catalytic mechanism aspects while making reference to original works to highlight the progress in this area.展开更多
This paper proposed a novel RED protocol which takes the node’s energy into account depending on the length of the data packet. It also proposed a routing protocol for wireless sensor networks with congestion control...This paper proposed a novel RED protocol which takes the node’s energy into account depending on the length of the data packet. It also proposed a routing protocol for wireless sensor networks with congestion control which imitates the ant colony foraging behavior. Sensor nodes choose routings according to the pheromone density. The experiment result shows that the algorithm balances the energy consumption of each node. It mitigated congestion effectively with the proposed routing protocol.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of CA153 and CA125 combined examination in breast cancer patients.Methods: selecting the first people's hospital of Zhengzhou city in April 2018 to April 2019 accepts...Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of CA153 and CA125 combined examination in breast cancer patients.Methods: selecting the first people's hospital of Zhengzhou city in April 2018 to April 2019 accepts 60 cases of breast cancerpatients as observation group, at the same time to choose healthy check-up women 60 cases as control group, two groups of all tocarry out the tumor markers CA153, CA125 joint inspection, summarizes the tumor markers CA153, CA125 joint inspection in thesensitivity of diagnosis of breast cancer. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of tumor markerCA153 and CA125 combined detection between the two groups (P < 0.05), and the higher the stage of breast adenocarcinoma, thehigher the levels of tumor marker CA153 and CA125. Conclusion: Combined examination of tumor markers CA153 and CA125can reduce the incidence of clinical misdiagnosis of breast cancer.展开更多
Epoxidation is an important chemical process for the production of epoxides,key building blocks in chemical industry.Despite great efforts being made to facilitate this process,it remains a significant challenge to de...Epoxidation is an important chemical process for the production of epoxides,key building blocks in chemical industry.Despite great efforts being made to facilitate this process,it remains a significant challenge to develop cost-effective,environmental-friendly,and selective catalysts.Herein,we reported a highly dispersed Mn supported by g-C_(3)N_(4)(Mn/g-C_(3)N_(4))with Mn loading up to 2.56 wt%.The Mn/g-CN_(4)exhibited satisfied catalytic performance for olefin epoxidation with excellent conversion(91%),high selectivity(93%)as well as outstanding recycling stability.Further analysis revealed the importance of Mn-N structure for the generation of active oxo-containing species and subsequent oxygen atom transfer.Besides,an efficient synthesis of cyclic carbonates from styrene epoxide and CO_(2)has been achieved(88%conversion,89%selectivity)based on the polar Mn-N coordinated characteristics of Mn/g-C_(3)N_(4)catalyst.展开更多
Android applications are becoming increasingly powerful in recent years. While their functionality is still of paramount importance to users, the energy efficiency of these applications is also gaining more and more a...Android applications are becoming increasingly powerful in recent years. While their functionality is still of paramount importance to users, the energy efficiency of these applications is also gaining more and more attention. Researchers have discovered various types of energy defects in Android applications, which could quickly drain the battery power of mobile devices. Such defects not only cause inconvenience to users, but also frustrate Android developers as diagnosing the energy inefficiency of a software product is a non-trivial task. In this work, we perform a literature review to understand the state of the art of energy inefficiency diagnosis for Android applications. We identified 55 research papers published in recent years and classified existing studies from four different perspectives, including power estimation method, hardware component, types of energy defects, and program analysis approach. We also did a cross-perspective analysis to summarize and compare our studied techniques. We hope that our review can help structure and unify the literature and shed light on future research, as well as drawing developers' attention to build energy-efficient Android applications.展开更多
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62172349,62032020,and 62172350the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province under Grant No.21B0139+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2021YFB3101200Hunan Science and Technology Planning Project under Grant No.2019RS3019.
文摘In edge computing,a reasonable edge resource bidding mechanism can enable edge providers and users to obtain benefits in a relatively fair fashion.To maximize such benefits,this paper proposes a dynamic multiattribute resource bidding mechanism(DMRBM).Most of the previous work mainly relies on a third-party agent to exchange information to gain optimal benefits.It isworth noting thatwhen edge providers and users trade with thirdparty agents which are not entirely reliable and trustworthy,their sensitive information is prone to be leaked.Moreover,the privacy protection of edge providers and users must be considered in the dynamic pricing/transaction process,which is also very challenging.Therefore,this paper first adopts a privacy protection algorithm to prevent sensitive information from leakage.On the premise that the sensitive data of both edge providers and users are protected,the prices of providers fluctuate within a certain range.Then,users can choose appropriate edge providers by the price-performance ratio(PPR)standard and the reward of lower price(LPR)standard according to their demands.The two standards can be evolved by two evaluation functions.Furthermore,this paper employs an approximate computing method to get an approximate solution of DMRBM in polynomial time.Specifically,this paper models the bidding process as a non-cooperative game and obtains the approximate optimal solution based on two standards according to the game theory.Through the extensive experiments,this paper demonstrates that the DMRBM satisfies the individual rationality,budget balance,and privacy protection and it can also increase the task offloading rate and the system benefits.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30571909,30872666,30870808the Foundation of Shanghai Forensic Key Laboratory,No. KF0904
文摘BACKGROUND：Various molecular mechanisms of cell death following traumatic brain injury have been previously described.However,the time course of cell death remains unclear.TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade B labeling have been widely used to label apoptotic cells and neuronal degeneration.Propidium iodide （PI） functions as a biomarker of cell death in vivo.OBJECTIVE：To explore the role of PI labeling compared to TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade B staining for detecting neural cell death,and to observe time course of traumatic brain injury-induced cell death in mice.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING：A randomized,controlled,animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases,Soochow University from September 2007 to December 2008.MATERIALS：PI （B1221） was purchased from Sigma,USA.TUNEL kit was purchased from Roche Molecular Biochemicals,USA.Fluoro-Jade B was purchased from Chemicon,USA.METHODS：A total of 70 healthy,male,Kunming mice were randomly assigned to sham-surgery （n = 5） and model （n = 65） groups.Traumatic brain injury was established using the controlled cortical impact method.PI was intraperitoneally injected at 1 hour prior to animal sacrifice.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：TUNEL,Fluoro-Jade B,and Pl-positive cells were quantified using a double-labeling method to determine the time course of traumatic brain injury-induced cell death.RESULTS：PI labeled cells in an earlier phase of cell death than TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade B labeling.Pl-positive cells were observed immediately following injury,and the numbers rapidly increased in injured brain areas at 1 hour,peaked at 24-48 hours,and subsequently decreased at 3-21 days post-injury.TUNEL-labeled cells were significantly increased at 12 hours,while Fluoro-Jade B-labeled cells were increased at 6 hours after injury,with cells still visible at 6-48 hours post-injury.Moreover,a greater number of Pl-positive cells were observed compared to TUNEL- and Fluoro-Jade B-labeled cells.CONCLUSION：PI labeling is more sensitive and reliable than TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade B staining for detecting cell death following traumatic brain injury.Moreover,PI labeling can function as a reliable marker to estimate the entire time course of cell death.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22022204,21633013)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20180248).
文摘Nitrile compounds are a class of high-value chemicals and versatile intermediates which can easily be transformed into a variety of useful products bearing functional groups such as carboxyl, carbamoyl, aminomethyl, ketyl and heterocyclic derivatives. Various thermal catalytic cyanation procedures have been devised and scaled up industrially while developing alternative methods are actively pursued. The access to these classes of molecules electrochemically offers greener alternatives to their preparation. The development of electrochemical synthesis of cyano-containing compounds under mild conditions with low energy consumption will imminently become indispensable approaches for industrial production of nitriles. The electrochemical cyanation presents many challenges from the toxicity of cyanide to the development of catalysts and the design of electrochemical cells. Electrochemical cyanation reaction offers promise to conveniently accessing nitriles but still requires efficient electro-catalysts, safe protocols and scale up considerations. This review discusses recent progress in the field of electrochemical synthesis of nitrile compounds placing emphasis on electro-synthetic and electro-catalytic mechanism aspects while making reference to original works to highlight the progress in this area.
文摘This paper proposed a novel RED protocol which takes the node’s energy into account depending on the length of the data packet. It also proposed a routing protocol for wireless sensor networks with congestion control which imitates the ant colony foraging behavior. Sensor nodes choose routings according to the pheromone density. The experiment result shows that the algorithm balances the energy consumption of each node. It mitigated congestion effectively with the proposed routing protocol.
文摘Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of CA153 and CA125 combined examination in breast cancer patients.Methods: selecting the first people's hospital of Zhengzhou city in April 2018 to April 2019 accepts 60 cases of breast cancerpatients as observation group, at the same time to choose healthy check-up women 60 cases as control group, two groups of all tocarry out the tumor markers CA153, CA125 joint inspection, summarizes the tumor markers CA153, CA125 joint inspection in thesensitivity of diagnosis of breast cancer. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of tumor markerCA153 and CA125 combined detection between the two groups (P < 0.05), and the higher the stage of breast adenocarcinoma, thehigher the levels of tumor marker CA153 and CA125. Conclusion: Combined examination of tumor markers CA153 and CA125can reduce the incidence of clinical misdiagnosis of breast cancer.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.216330133and 22102197)Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation(No.BK20211096)the Science Fund of Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing(Yantai,No.AMGM2021F07).
文摘Epoxidation is an important chemical process for the production of epoxides,key building blocks in chemical industry.Despite great efforts being made to facilitate this process,it remains a significant challenge to develop cost-effective,environmental-friendly,and selective catalysts.Herein,we reported a highly dispersed Mn supported by g-C_(3)N_(4)(Mn/g-C_(3)N_(4))with Mn loading up to 2.56 wt%.The Mn/g-CN_(4)exhibited satisfied catalytic performance for olefin epoxidation with excellent conversion(91%),high selectivity(93%)as well as outstanding recycling stability.Further analysis revealed the importance of Mn-N structure for the generation of active oxo-containing species and subsequent oxygen atom transfer.Besides,an efficient synthesis of cyclic carbonates from styrene epoxide and CO_(2)has been achieved(88%conversion,89%selectivity)based on the polar Mn-N coordinated characteristics of Mn/g-C_(3)N_(4)catalyst.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515012297)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(R2020A045)the Open Project of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High-Performance Computing(2021).
文摘Android applications are becoming increasingly powerful in recent years. While their functionality is still of paramount importance to users, the energy efficiency of these applications is also gaining more and more attention. Researchers have discovered various types of energy defects in Android applications, which could quickly drain the battery power of mobile devices. Such defects not only cause inconvenience to users, but also frustrate Android developers as diagnosing the energy inefficiency of a software product is a non-trivial task. In this work, we perform a literature review to understand the state of the art of energy inefficiency diagnosis for Android applications. We identified 55 research papers published in recent years and classified existing studies from four different perspectives, including power estimation method, hardware component, types of energy defects, and program analysis approach. We also did a cross-perspective analysis to summarize and compare our studied techniques. We hope that our review can help structure and unify the literature and shed light on future research, as well as drawing developers' attention to build energy-efficient Android applications.
