Development and technology status of energy storage in depleted gas reservoirs

Utilizing energy storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs can improve productivity while reducing power costs and is one of the best ways to achieve synergistic development of"Carbon Peak–Carbon Neutral"and"Underground Resource Utiliza-tion".Starting from the development of Compressed Air Energy Storage(CAES)technology,the site selection of CAES in depleted gas and oil reservoirs,the evolution mechanism of reservoir dynamic sealing,and the high-flow CAES and injection technology are summarized.It focuses on analyzing the characteristics,key equipment,reservoir construction,application scenarios and cost analysis of CAES projects,and sorting out the technical key points and existing difficulties.The devel-opment trend of CAES technology is proposed,and the future development path is scrutinized to provide reference for the research of CAES projects in depleted oil and gas reservoirs.

Cell membrane anchoring strategies for HIV gene therapy

Very recently,the Dusseldorf University Hospital in Germany reported the third patient who was cured of HIV after CCR5△32 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)[1].There is increasing evidence that a cure can be achieved through infusion of HIV-resistant cells for gene therapy.Toward this goal,we focus on cell membrane anchoring strategies by glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPl),as illustrated in Fig.1.For example,genetically anchoring the single-domain antibody m36.4(nanobody)that targets the coreceptor-binding site of gp120 through the GPl attachment signal might render modified cells fully resistant to HIV infection,block HIV-1 envelope-mediated cell-cell fusion and cell-cell viral transmission,and interfere with viral genesis[2].

Screening HLA-A-restricted T cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 and the induction of CD8^(+)T cell responses in HLA-A transgenic mice

Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cells have been found to play essential roles in host immune protection and pathology in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),this study focused on the functional validation of T cell epitopes and the development of vaccines that induce specific T cell responses.A total of 120 CD8^(+)T cell epitopes from the E,M,N,S,and RdRp proteins were functionally validated.Among these,110,15,6,14,and 12 epitopes were highly homologous with SARS-CoV,OC43,NL63,HKU1,and 229E,respectively;in addition,four epitopes from the S protein displayed one amino acid that was distinct from the current SARS-CoV-2 variants.Then,31 epitopes restricted by the HLA-A2 molecule were used to generate peptide cocktail vaccines in combination with Poly(I:C),R848 or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)nanoparticles,and these vaccines elicited robust and specific CD8^(+)T cell responses in HLA-A2/DR1 transgenic mice as well as wild-type mice.In contrast to previous research,this study established a modified DC-peptide-PBL cell coculture system using healthy donor PBMCs to validate the in silico predicted epitopes,provided an epitope library restricted by nine of the most prevalent HLA-A allotypes covering broad Asian populations,and identified the HLA-A restrictions of these validated epitopes using competitive peptide binding experiments with HMy2.CIR cell lines expressing the indicated HLA-A allotype,which initially confirmed the in vivo feasibility of 9-or 10-mer peptide cocktail vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.These data will facilitate the design and development of vaccines that induce antiviral CD8^(+)T cell responses in COVID-19 patients.

两亲性脂肽纳米混悬液冻干粉的制备及其表征

为解决抗艾滋药物两亲性脂肽LP-98溶解度低的问题,采用高压均质技术制备LP-98纳米混悬液冻干粉,并对其进行理化性质表征及药代动力学研究。最优制备工艺为:稳定剂为SDS,浓度为0.80wt%,高压均质压力为150 MPa,高压均质次数为5次。制备得到的LP-98纳米混悬液冻干粉复溶后平均粒径为261.5±1.1 nm,Zeta电位为-31.5±0.2 m V。圆二色光谱仪与单周期病毒感染实验结果显示LP-98的结构与生物活性均未改变。药代动力学结果表明,LP-98纳米混悬液冻干粉生物利用度为原料药的98.1%。LP-98在水中溶解度由184μg/m L提升至1733μg/m L,与原料药相比提高了8倍,解决了注射时药物难混悬的问题。

SARS-CoV-2-derived fusion inhibitor lipopeptides exhibit highly potent and broad-spectrum activity against divergent human coronaviruses

Dear Editor,Most members of coronaviruses(CoVs),including four annually circulating human CoVs(HCov-229E,HCoV-OC43,HCoV-NL63;and CoV-HKU1),infect the respiratory tract of mammals and cause mild illness;however,zoonotic CoVs can cross the species barrier from animal reservoirs and lead to epidemics with high morbidity and mortality in humans.