In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,...In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,implantable electrochemical microsensors have emerged as a prominent area of research.These microsensors not only fulfill the technical requirements for monitoring animal physiological information but also offer an ideal platform for integration.They have been extensively studied for their ability to monitor animal physiological information in a minimally invasive manner,characterized by their bloodless,painless features,and exceptional performance.The development of implantable electrochemical microsensors for in vivo monitoring of animal physiological information has witnessed significant scientific and technological advancements through dedicated efforts.This review commenced with a comprehensive discussion of the construction of microsensors,including the materials utilized and the methods employed for fabrication.Following this,we proceeded to explore the various implantation technologies employed for electrochemical microsensors.In addition,a comprehensive overview was provided of the various applications of implantable electrochemical microsensors,specifically in the monitoring of diseases and the investigation of disease mechanisms.Lastly,a concise conclusion was conducted on the recent advancements and significant obstacles pertaining to the practical implementation of implantable electrochemical microsensors.展开更多
In recent decades,three-dimensional(3D)cancer cell models have attracted increasing interest in the field of drug screening due to their significant advantages in more accurate simulations of heterogeneous tumor behav...In recent decades,three-dimensional(3D)cancer cell models have attracted increasing interest in the field of drug screening due to their significant advantages in more accurate simulations of heterogeneous tumor behavior in vivo compared to two-dimensional models.Furthermore,drug sensitivity testing based on 3D cancer cell models can provide more reliable in vivo efficacy prediction.The gold standard fluorescence staining is hard to achieve real-time and label-free viability monitoring in 3D cancer cell models.In this study,a microgroove impedance sensor(MGIS)was specially developed for the dynamic and noninvasive monitoring of 3D cell viability.3D cancer cells were trapped in microgrooves with gold electrodes on opposite walls for in situ impedance measurement.The change in the number of live cells caused inversely proportional changes to the impedance magnitude of the entire cell/Matrigel construct and reflected the proliferation and apoptosis of the 3D cells.It was confirmed that the 3D cell viability detected by the MGIS was highly consistent with the standard live/dead staining by confocal microscope characterization.Furthermore,the accuracy of the MGIS was validated quantitatively using a 3D lung cancer model and sophisticated drug sensitivity testing.In addition,the parameters of the MGIS in the measurement experiments were optimized in detail using simulations and experimental validation.The results demonstrated that the MGIS coupled with 3D cell culture would be a promising platform to improve the efficiency and accuracy of cell-based anticancer drug screening in vitro.展开更多
2D MXene-Ti3C2Tx has demonstrated promising application prospects in various fields;however,it fails to function properly in biosensor setups due to restacking and anodic oxidation problems.To expand beyond these exis...2D MXene-Ti3C2Tx has demonstrated promising application prospects in various fields;however,it fails to function properly in biosensor setups due to restacking and anodic oxidation problems.To expand beyond these existing limitations,an effective strategy to for modifying the MXene by covalently grafting first-generation poly(amidoamine)dendrimers onto an MXene in situ(MXene@PAMAM)was reported herein.When used as a conjugated template,the MXene not only preserved the high conductivity but also conferred a specific 2D architecture and large specific surface areas for anchoring PAMAM.The PAMAM,an efficient spacer and stabilizer,simultaneously suppressed the substantial restacking and oxidation of the MXene,which endowed this hybrid with improved electrochemical performance compared to that of the bare MXene in terms of favorable conductivity and stability under anodic potential.Moreover,the massive amino terminals of PAMAM offer abundant active sites for adsorbing Au nanoparticles(AuNPs).The resulting 3D hierarchical nanoarchitecture,AuNPs/MXene@PAMAM,had advanced structural merits that led to its superior electrochemical performance in biosensing.As a proof of concept,this MXene@PAMAM-based nanobiosensing platform was applied to develop an immunosensor for detecting human cardiac troponin T(cTnT).A fast,sensitive,and highly selective response toward the target in the presence of a[Fe(CN)6]^(3-/4-)redox marker was realized,ensuring a wide detection of 0.1-1000 ng/mL with an LOD of 0.069 ng/mL.The sensor's signal only decreased by 4.38%after 3 weeks,demonstrating that it exhibited satisfactory stability and better results than previously reported MXene-based biosensors.This work has potential applicability in the bioanalysis of cTnT and other biomarkers and paves a new path for fabricating high-performance MXenes for biomedical applications and electrochemical engineering.展开更多
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82302345).
文摘In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,implantable electrochemical microsensors have emerged as a prominent area of research.These microsensors not only fulfill the technical requirements for monitoring animal physiological information but also offer an ideal platform for integration.They have been extensively studied for their ability to monitor animal physiological information in a minimally invasive manner,characterized by their bloodless,painless features,and exceptional performance.The development of implantable electrochemical microsensors for in vivo monitoring of animal physiological information has witnessed significant scientific and technological advancements through dedicated efforts.This review commenced with a comprehensive discussion of the construction of microsensors,including the materials utilized and the methods employed for fabrication.Following this,we proceeded to explore the various implantation technologies employed for electrochemical microsensors.In addition,a comprehensive overview was provided of the various applications of implantable electrochemical microsensors,specifically in the monitoring of diseases and the investigation of disease mechanisms.Lastly,a concise conclusion was conducted on the recent advancements and significant obstacles pertaining to the practical implementation of implantable electrochemical microsensors.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.31627801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.81811530116,31800826,and 61901412)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant no.2018QNA5018,2018FZA5018).
文摘In recent decades,three-dimensional(3D)cancer cell models have attracted increasing interest in the field of drug screening due to their significant advantages in more accurate simulations of heterogeneous tumor behavior in vivo compared to two-dimensional models.Furthermore,drug sensitivity testing based on 3D cancer cell models can provide more reliable in vivo efficacy prediction.The gold standard fluorescence staining is hard to achieve real-time and label-free viability monitoring in 3D cancer cell models.In this study,a microgroove impedance sensor(MGIS)was specially developed for the dynamic and noninvasive monitoring of 3D cell viability.3D cancer cells were trapped in microgrooves with gold electrodes on opposite walls for in situ impedance measurement.The change in the number of live cells caused inversely proportional changes to the impedance magnitude of the entire cell/Matrigel construct and reflected the proliferation and apoptosis of the 3D cells.It was confirmed that the 3D cell viability detected by the MGIS was highly consistent with the standard live/dead staining by confocal microscope characterization.Furthermore,the accuracy of the MGIS was validated quantitatively using a 3D lung cancer model and sophisticated drug sensitivity testing.In addition,the parameters of the MGIS in the measurement experiments were optimized in detail using simulations and experimental validation.The results demonstrated that the MGIS coupled with 3D cell culture would be a promising platform to improve the efficiency and accuracy of cell-based anticancer drug screening in vitro.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31627801,61901412)the Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(Grant Nos.2019C03066,LGF19H180022).
文摘2D MXene-Ti3C2Tx has demonstrated promising application prospects in various fields;however,it fails to function properly in biosensor setups due to restacking and anodic oxidation problems.To expand beyond these existing limitations,an effective strategy to for modifying the MXene by covalently grafting first-generation poly(amidoamine)dendrimers onto an MXene in situ(MXene@PAMAM)was reported herein.When used as a conjugated template,the MXene not only preserved the high conductivity but also conferred a specific 2D architecture and large specific surface areas for anchoring PAMAM.The PAMAM,an efficient spacer and stabilizer,simultaneously suppressed the substantial restacking and oxidation of the MXene,which endowed this hybrid with improved electrochemical performance compared to that of the bare MXene in terms of favorable conductivity and stability under anodic potential.Moreover,the massive amino terminals of PAMAM offer abundant active sites for adsorbing Au nanoparticles(AuNPs).The resulting 3D hierarchical nanoarchitecture,AuNPs/MXene@PAMAM,had advanced structural merits that led to its superior electrochemical performance in biosensing.As a proof of concept,this MXene@PAMAM-based nanobiosensing platform was applied to develop an immunosensor for detecting human cardiac troponin T(cTnT).A fast,sensitive,and highly selective response toward the target in the presence of a[Fe(CN)6]^(3-/4-)redox marker was realized,ensuring a wide detection of 0.1-1000 ng/mL with an LOD of 0.069 ng/mL.The sensor's signal only decreased by 4.38%after 3 weeks,demonstrating that it exhibited satisfactory stability and better results than previously reported MXene-based biosensors.This work has potential applicability in the bioanalysis of cTnT and other biomarkers and paves a new path for fabricating high-performance MXenes for biomedical applications and electrochemical engineering.
