Deep brain implantable microelectrode arrays for detection and functional localization of the subthalamic nucleus in rats with Parkinson’s disease

The subthalamic nucleus(STN)is considered the best target for deep brain stimulation treatments of Parkinson’s disease(PD).It is difficult to localize the STN due to its small size and deep location.Multichannel microelectrode arrays(MEAs)can rapidly and precisely locate the STN,which is important for precise stimulation.In this paper,16-channel MEAs modified with multiwalled carbon nanotube/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(MWCNT/PEDOT:PSS)nanocomposites were designed and fabricated,and the accurate and rapid identification of the STN in PD rats was performed using detection sites distributed at different brain depths.These results showed that nuclei in 6-hydroxydopamine hydrobromide(6-OHDA)-lesioned brains discharged more intensely than those in unlesioned brains.In addition,the MEA simultaneously acquired neural signals from both the STN and the upper or lower boundary nuclei of the STN.Moreover,higher values of spike firing rate,spike amplitude,local field potential(LFP)power,and beta oscillations were detected in the STN of the 6-OHDA-lesioned brain,and may therefore be biomarkers of STN localization.Compared with the STNs of unlesioned brains,the power spectral density of spikes and LFPs synchronously decreased in the delta band and increased in the beta band of 6-OHDA-lesioned brains.This may be a cause of sleep and motor disorders associated with PD.Overall,this work describes a new cellular-level localization and detection method and provides a tool for future studies of deep brain nuclei.

Network pharmacology and subsequent experimental validation reveal the synergistic myocardial protection mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.and Carthamus tinctorius L.

Objective:To reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the compatibility of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge(S.miltiorrhiza,Dan Shen)and C.tinctorius L.(C.tinctorius,Hong Hua)as an herb pair through network pharmacology and subsequent experimental validation.Methods:Network pharmacology was applied to construct an active ingredient-efficacy target-disease protein network to reveal the unique regulation pattern of s.miltiorrhiza and C.tinctorius as herb pair.Molecular docking was used to verify the binding of the components of these herbs and their potential targets.An H9c2 glucose hypoxia model was used to evaluate the efficacy of the components and their synergistic effects,which were evaluated using the combination index.Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of these targets.Results:Network pharmacology analysis revealed 5 pathways and 8 core targets of s.miltiorrhiza and C.tinctorius in myocardial protection.Five of the core targets were enriched in the hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1)signaling pathway.S.miltiorrhiza-C.tinctorius achieved vascular tone mainly by regulating the target genes of the HIF-1 pathway.As an upstream gene of the HIF-1 pathway,STAT3 can be activated by the active ingredients cryptotanshinone(Ctan),salvianolic acid B(Sal.B),and myricetin(Myric).Cell experiments revealed that Myric,Sal.B,and Ctan also exhibited synergistic myocardial protective activity.Molecular docking verified the strong binding of Myric,Sal.B,and Ctan to STAT3.Western blot further showed that the active ingredients synergistically upregulated the protein expressionof STAT3.Conclusion:The pharmacodynamic transmission analysis revealed that the active ingredients of S.miltiorrhiza and C.tinctorius can synergistically resist ischemia through various targets and pathways.This study provides a methodological reference for interpreting traditional Chinese medicine compatibility.

三乙烯二胺交联季铵化聚芳醚砜电解质膜的制备与性能

采用聚芳醚砜为原料,经付克氯甲基化反应,以三乙烯二胺为交联剂,通过非均相和均相2种季铵化方式制备了2类燃料电池用交联型阴离子交换膜CQPAES。所制备CQPAES膜的离子交换容量为1. 15～1. 25 mmol/g。与非交联膜相比,交联膜的耐溶剂性、尺寸稳定性均得到了提高,在高温高压水中的水解稳定性、强碱条件下的化学稳定性显著增强。季铵化方式对交联膜性能影响的研究表明,均相季铵化膜与非均相季铵化膜相比,可更好地控制交联膜的溶胀,相应交联膜的离子电导率更高。交联剂加入量为0. 1～0. 2时,交联膜的综合性能最佳。

Effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 Babu Agent on the Amplitude of Microvascular Vasomotion

[Objectives] To study the effects of ginsenoside Rbl Babu agent on the amplitude of microvascular vasomotion. [Methods]The in vitro transdermal permeation of ginsenoside Rbl Babu agent was performed by using intelligent transdermal apparatus,and the percutaneous fluid was collected and analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC). The Babu agent was stuck on the skin of acupoint area,determined by Laser Doppler Flowmeter,and amplitude of microvascular vasomotion of acupoint area was recorded. [Results] With the extension of transdermal time,the cumulative permeation rate of ginsenoside Rbl increased. The amplitude of microvascular vasomotion could be significantly increased with the application of ginsenoside Rbl Babu agent( P < 0. 01). [Conclusions]The drug delivery system of ginsenoside Rbl Babu agent can release the drug into the acupoint,increase the amplitude of microvascular vasomotion,and achieve the effect of acupuncture. Therefore,ginsenoside Rbl Babu agent can replace the acupuncture clinically to treat diseases.

Crystallinity engineering of carbon nitride protective coating for ultra-stable Zn metal anodes

Ineffective control of dendrite growth and side reactions on Zn anodes significantly retards commercialization of aqueous Zn-ion batteries.Unlike conventional interfacial modification strategies that are primarily focused on component optimization or microstructural tuning,herein,we propose a crystallinity engineering strategy by developing highly crystalline carbon nitride protective layers for Zn anodes through molten salt treatment.Interestingly,the highly ordered structure along with sufficient functional polar groups and pre-intercalated Kþendows the coating with high ionic conductivity,strong hydrophilicity,and accelerated ion diffusion kinetics.Theoretical calculations also confirm its enhanced Zn adsorption capability compared to commonly reported carbon nitride with amorphous or semi-crystalline structure and bare Zn.Benefiting from the aforementioned features,the as-synthesized protective layer enables a calendar lifespan of symmetric cells for 1100 h and outstanding stability of full cells with capacity retention of 91.5%after 1500 cycles.This work proposes a new conceptual strategy for Zn anode protection.

Lamellar-assembled PdNi super-nanosheets as effective oxygen redox dual-electrocatalysts for rechargeable Zn-air batteries

Exploration of bifunctional electrocatalysts toward effective oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is pivotal for developing high-efficiency and rechargeable metal-air batteries but remains great challenging.Here we elaborately synthesize lamellar-assembled PdNi super-nanosheets(SNSs)with an optimized Pd/Ni molar ratio to serve as attractive ORR and OER bifunctional electrocatalysts for rechargeable high-powered Zn-air batteries(ZABs).The products are layer-by-layer stackings of ultrathin PdNi nanosheet motifs.On the drastically extended two-dimensional(2D)surface,the inserted Ni atoms can substantially lower down the d-band center of surface Pd toward improved ORR kinetics and concurrently create oxytropic NiOx sites to adsorb–OH groups for promoting the reverse OER electrocatalysis.Specifically,the ORR mass activity and specific activity of the primary Pd_(92)Ni_(8)SNSs attain 2.5 A·mg^(−1)and 3.15 mA·cm^(−2),which are respectively 14 and 9 times those of commercial Pt/C.Meanwhile,the OER activity and stability of Pd_(92)Ni_(8)SNSs/C distinctly outperform those of the RuO_(2)benchmark,suggesting excellent reversible oxygen electrocatalysis.The power density of the ZAB with Pd_(92)Ni_(8)SNSs/C as the air cathode is 2.7 times higher than that by Pt/C benchmark.Significantly,it can last for over 150 h without significant performance degradation during the charge–discharge cycle test.This work showcases a feasible strategy for developing self-assembled multimetallic 2D nanomaterials with excellent bifunctional catalytic performances toward energy conversion applications.

十二烷基硫酸钠辅助制备高电容性能多孔碳

本工作通过一步水浴法制备高氮/氧含量密胺树脂(MF),引入阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)改变聚合物的反应历程,使进入SDS胶束中的三聚氰胺与甲醛在盐酸催化条件下进行聚合反应,高温碳化后成功制备MF衍生多孔碳材料.对MF衍生多孔碳材料分别进行了扫描电镜、比表面积等表征,结果表明,其具有多孔互穿网络结构,比表面积高达387.86 m2•g^(−1),且孔径分布适宜(3.62 nm).作为超级电容器(SCs)电极材料,在1.0 A•g^(−1)下的比电容值为349.6 F•g^(−1),20.0 A•g^(−1)时(254.6 F•g^(−1))仍能维持1.0 A•g^(−1)时73.0%的电容保持率,倍率性能优异.该样品在10.0 A•g^(−1)下循环15000次后的比电容值几乎没有衰减,循环稳定性能优越.此研究结果表明SDS可辅助提升MF衍生多孔碳材料的电容性能,发展潜力巨大.

Sedimentologic evidence for date of southward moving of the Yangtze River in the Jianghan Plain since the Holocene

The study of the sediment of Core M1 from Jianghan Plain suggests that the sediment source of this area changed in the Holocene, which corresponds with the south moving of the Yangtze River. Since then, the sediment source has been mainly from the Hanshui River.