A Scenario-classification Hybrid-based Banding Method for Power Transfer Limits of Critical Inter-corridors

To secure power system operations,practical dispatches in industries place a steady power transfer limit on critical inter-corridors,rather than high-dimensional and strong nonlinear stability constraints.However,computational complexities lead to over-conservative pre-settings of transfer limit,which further induce undesirable and non-technical congestion of power transfer.To conquer this barrier,a scenario-classification hybrid-based banding method is proposed.A cluster technique is adopted to separate similarities from historical and generated operating condition dataset.With a practical rule,transfer limits are approximated for each operating cluster.Then,toward an interpretable online transfer limit decision,costsensitive learning is applied to identify cluster affiliation to assign a transfer limit for a given operation.In this stage,critical variables that affect the transfer limit are also picked out via mean impact value.This enables us to construct low-complexity and dispatcher-friendly rules for fast determination of transfer limit.The numerical case studies on the IEEE 39-bus system and a real-world regional power system in China illustrate the effectiveness and conservativeness of the proposed method.

Single-atomic Zn-(C/N/O)lithiophilic sites induced stable lithium plating/stripping in anode-free lithium metal battery

For anode-free lithium metal battery,lithiophilic surface modification on the current collector can effectively reduce the lithium nucleation barrier,so as to regulate the electrodeposition of lithium.Here,atomically dispersed Zn-(C/N/O)lithiophilic sites in the amorphous carbon medium were introduced onto Cu by an in-situ induced ion coordination chemistry strategy to get the modified Zn@NC@RGO@Cu current collector.X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS)combined with scanning transmission electron microscopy in high angle annular dark field(STEM-HAADF)analysis proved the single atomic state of the zinc sites surrounded by C,N,and O with a coordination number of~3.According to the electrochemical tests and first principle calculations,the ultra-uniformly dispersed Zn-(C/N/O)sites at the atomic level can effectively improve the lithium affinity,reduce the energy barrier for lithium nucleation,homogenize the lithium nucleation,and enhance an inorganic lithium compounds rich solid electrolyte interphase layer.As a result,the nucleation overpotential of lithium on the modified current collector was reduced to 7.7 mV,which was 5.4 times lower than that on bare Cu.Uniform lithium nucleation and deposition enabled stable Li plating/stripping and elevated Coulombic efficiency of 98.95%in Li||Cu cell after>850 cycles.Capacity retention of 89.7%was successfully achieved in the anode-free lithium metal battery after 100 cycles.

Photo-induced surface frustrated Lewis pairs for promoted photocatalytic decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid

Heterogeneous photocatalysis has gained substantial research interest in treating per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)-contaminated water.However,sluggish degradation kinetics and low defluorination efficiency compromise their practical applications.Here,we report a superior photocatalyst,defected Bi_(3)O(OH)(PO_(4))_(2),which could effectively degrade typical PFAS,perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),with high defluorination efficiency.The UV light irradiation could in situ generate oxygen vacancies on Bi_(3)O(OH)(PO_(4))_(2) through oxidation of the lattice hydroxyls,which further promotes the formation of Lewis acidic coordinately unsaturated bismuth sites.Then,the Lewis acidic sites couple with the proximal surface hydroxyls to constitute the surface frustrated Lewis pairs(SFLPs).With the in-depth spectroscopic analysis,we revealed that the photo-induced SFLPs act as collection centers to effectively adsorb PFOA and endow accessible pathways to transfer photogenerated holes to PFOA rapidly.Consequently,activation of the terminal carboxyl,a ratelimiting step for PFOA decomposition,could be easily achieved over the defected Bi_(3)O(OH)(PO_(4))_(2) photocatalyst.These results suggest that SFLPs exhibit great potential in developing highly efficient photocatalysts to degrade persistent organic pollutants.

Component importance assessment of power systems for improving resilience under wind storms

Increasingly natural disasters and man-made malicious attacks threaten the power systems.Improving the resilience has become an inevitable requirement for the development of power systems.The importance assessment of components is of significance for resilience improvement,since it plays a crucial role in strengthening grid structure,designing restoration strategy,and improving resource allocation efficiency for disaster prevention and mitigation.This paper proposes a component importance assessment approach of power systems for improving resilience under wind storms.Firstly,the component failure rate model under wind storms is established.According to the model,system states under wind storms can be sampled by the non-sequential Monte Carlo simulation method.For each system state,an optimal restoration model is then figured out by solving a component repair sequence optimization model considering crew dispatching.The distribution functions of component repair moment can be obtained after a sufficient system state sampling.And Copeland ranking method is adopted to rank the component importance.Finally,the feasibility of the proposed approach is validated by extensive case studies.

Reinventing MoS2 Co-catalytic Fenton reaction:Oxygen-incorporation mediating surface superoxide radical generation

To better understand the mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))’s decomposition and reactive oxygen species(ROS)’s formation on the catalyst’s surface is always a critical issue for the environmental application of Fenton/Fenton-like reaction.We here report a new approach to activate H_(2)O_(2) in a co-catalytic Fenton system with oxygen incorporated MoS2,namely MoS_(2−x) O_(x) nanosheets.The MoS_(2−x) O_(x) nanosheets assisted co-catalytic Fenton system exhibited superior degradation activity of emerging antibiotic contaminants(e.g.,sulfamethoxazole).Combining density functional theory(DFT)calculation and experimental investigation,we demonstrated that oxygen incorporation could improve the intrinsic conductivity of MoS_(2−x) O_(x) nanosheets and accelerate surface/interfacial charge transfer,which further leads to the efficacious activation of H_(2)O_(2).Moreover,by tuning the oxygen proportion in MoS_(2−x) O_(x) nanosheets,we are able to modulate the generation of ROS and further direct the oriented-conversion of H_(2)O_(2) to surface-bounded superoxide radical(·O_(2−surface)).It sheds light on the generation and transformation of ROS in the engineered system(e.g.,Fenton,Fenton-like reaction)for efficient degradation of persistent pollutants.

Effects of manufactured nanomaterials on algae:Implications and applications

The wide application of manufactured nanomaterials(MNMs)has resulted in the inevitable release of MNMs into the aquatic environment along their life cycle.As the primary producer in aquatic ecosystems,algae play a critical role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems’energy flow,material circulation and information transmission.Thus,thoroughly understanding the biological effects of MNMs on algae as well as the underlying mechanisms is of vital importance.We conducted a comprehensive review on both positive and negative effects of MNMs on algae and thoroughly discussed the underlying mechanisms.In general,exposure to MNMs may adversely affect algae’s gene expression,metabolites,photosynthesis,nitrogen fixation and growth rate.The major mechanisms of MNMs-induced inhibition are attributed to oxidative stress,mechanical damages,released metal ions and light-shielding effects.Meanwhile,the rational application of MNMs-algae interactions would promote valuable bioactive substances production as well as control biological and chemical pollutants.Our review could provide a better understanding of the biological effects of MNMs on algae and narrow the knowledge gaps on the underlying mechanisms.It would shed light on the investigation of environmental implications and applications of MNMs-algae interactions and meet the increasing demand for sustainable nanotechnology development.