SmEGY3 mediates H_(2)O_(2) production to enhance high-temperature stress tolerance by activating the expression of SmCSD1 in eggplant

High temperature(HT)has major effects on the growth and production of vegetable crops,including eggplant(Solanum melongena L.).Eggplant seedlings,flower organs,and fruits are affected by high temperature stress(HTS).Nonetheless,key HT response factors are rare in eggplant.In this study,we found that SmEGY3 was localized in chloroplasts and nuclei,and the expression was induced by HT.We confirmed that SmEGY3 played a positive role in regulating heat tolerance of plants by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)and overexpression assays.Compared to the control plants,the SmEGY3-silenced plants showed significantly decrease in the H_(2)O_(2) content and H_(2)O_(2)-mediated retrograde signalling genes expression while the SmEGY3-overexpressing plants displayed significantly increase.

Modification of Cellulose by Hydrophobic Long-chain Molecules: Advances and Prospects

Cellulose,a natural polymer material with abundant natural sources,is non-toxic,renewable,and biodegradable,making it one of the most promising green materials.Its inherent hydrophilicity dramatically limits the development and application of cellulose products.Hydrophobic modification can significantly change cellulose properties and endow it with additional functions depending on the types of modifying molecules.Controlled modification of cellulose by long-chain hydrophobic molecules is challenging.Significant advances took advantage of new reaction systems and copolymerization.This paper reviews recent innovations in long-chain cellulose hydrophobic modification.A brief value-adding assessment provides a reference for green changes of cellulose to make it fit for future applications.

Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide-Based Photoelectric Neuromorphic Transistors for Spiking Morse Coding

The human brain that relies on neural networks communicated by spikes is featured with ultralow energy consumption, which is more robust and adaptive than any digital system. Inspired by the spiking framework of the brain, spike-based neuromorphic systems have recently inspired intensive attention. Therefore, neuromorphic devices with spike-based synaptic functions are considered as the first step toward this aim. Photoelectric neuromorphic devices are promising candidates for spike-based synaptic devices with low latency, broad bandwidth,and superior parallelism. Here, the indium-gallium-zinc-oxide-based photoelectric neuromorphic transistors are fabricated for Morse coding based on spike processing, 405-nm light spikes are used as synaptic inputs, and some essential synaptic plasticity, including excitatory postsynaptic current, short-term plasticity, and high-pass filtering, can be mimicked. More interestingly, Morse codes encoded by light spikes are decoded using our devices and translated into amplitudes. Furthermore, such devices are compatible with standard integrated processes suitable for large-scale integrated neuromorphic systems.

Selective Separation and Analysis of Pb(II) Using a New Surface Imprinted Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Combined with AAS

A new surface ion-imprinted Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs), which was 6,6'-((1E,1'E)-(pyridine-2,6-diyl- bis(azanylyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2-allyl-phenol) and Pb(II) complex as functional monomer and template ion was presented for extracting and enrichment traces of Pb(II) ion. Parameters affecting the recovery of Pb(II) have been investigated in detail. The novel IMCNTs display high affinity, specificity, and selectivity for Pb(II) with a maximum uptake capacity of 115.5 mg·g–1 at pH 4.0. Meanwhile, only 11 mins was enough for extracting 98.5% Pb(II) for the IMCNTs. No significant loss in adsorption capacity is observed when the IMCNTs are reused for eleven times. Separation and preconcentration with IMCNTs particles results in a limit of detection of 0.47 μg·L–1 (3σ) and RSD (n = 8) of 1.16% by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS)

Intrinsic persistent room temperature phosphorescence derived from 1H-benzo[f]indole itself as a guest

The influence of 1H-benzo[f]indole(Bd) and its derivatives on room temperature phosphorescence(RTP)has raised great concern since they were found to significantly affect RTP of the extensively studied carbazole(Cz) derivatives. However, the role of Bd itself existing in Cz-based or other doping systems was still unclear. In order to clarify its intrinsic phosphorescent property, Bd was introduced as a guest into different organic matrixes including substituted Cz derivatives and polymers. The phosphorescence located in 560–620 nm was confirmed to be derived from Bd itself, which can be detected whatever Bd was doped in the crystal or amorphous state of Cz derivatives. The suitable energy gap between Cz derivatives and Bd is the key to achieve ultralong RTP of Bd. Additionally, when doped in polymers with plenty of hydrogen bonds, RTP of Bd with lifetime over 280 ms was easily obtained. Among them, Bd@PHEMA(poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) exhibited superior phosphorescence, with yellow afterglow lasting for over 2.5 s. Therefore, this work demonstrated that a new organic RTP phosphor, Bd, is discovered, and ultralong RTP of Bd can be achieved not only doped in Cz derivatives but also in polymers as the hosts.

Targeted PERK inhibition with biomimetic nanoclusters confers preventative and interventional benefits to elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms

Abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)is a progressive aortic dilatation,causing~80%mortality upon rupture.Currently,there is no approved drug therapy for AAA.Surgical repairs are invasive and risky and thus not recommended to patients with small AAAs which,however,account for~90%of the newly diagnosed cases.It is therefore a compelling unmet clinical need to discover effective non-invasive strategies to prevent or slow down AAA progression.We contend that the first AAA drug therapy will only arise through discoveries of both effective drug targets and innovative delivery methods.There is substantial evidence that degenerative smooth muscle cells(SMCs)orchestrate AAA pathogenesis and progression.In this study,we made an exciting finding that PERK,the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress Protein Kinase R-like ER Kinase,is a potent driver of SMC degeneration and hence a potential therapeutic target.Indeed,local knockdown of PERK in elastase-challenged aorta significantly attenuated AAA lesions in vivo.In parallel,we also conceived a biomimetic nanocluster(NC)design uniquely tailored to AAA-targeting drug delivery.This NC demonstrated excellent AAA homing via a platelet-derived biomembrane coating;and when loaded with a selective PERK inhibitor(PERKi,GSK2656157),the NC therapy conferred remarkable benefits in both preventing aneurysm development and halting the progression of pre-existing aneurysmal lesions in two distinct rodent models of AAA.In summary,our current study not only establishes a new intervention target for mitigating SMC degeneration and aneurysmal pathogenesis,but also provides a powerful tool to facilitate the development of effective drug therapy of AAA.

Differences in the prognostic value of tumor extent of resection among the molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma: A single centre study of 113 cases

Medulloblastoma(MB) is one of the most common pediatrics malignant tumors of the central nervous system. Studies in America and Europe have demonstrated significant differences in the prognostic value of medulloblastoma extent among molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma. However, studies focusing on the Chinese population are still lacking. A total of 113 patients with medulloblastoma who underwent surgical resection in Huashan Hospital between January 2002 and December 2013 were included in this study. Histological diagnoses were confirmed by 2 or more pathologists. Immunohistochemistry and CTNNB1 exon 3 mutation analysis were used to determine the different subgroups. Complete or incomplete resection was defined based on surgeons' reports and confirmed by postoperative computer tomography(CT). In this study, we included 113 patients with medulloblastoma(13 with WNT subgroup, 18 with SHH subgroup, and 82 with non-SHH/WNT subgroups) to assess their event-free and overall survival. We identified event-free survival and overall survival benefit for complete resection over incomplete resection. We found that for patients with NON-SHH/WNT medulloblastoma, incomplete resection was significantly associated with progression and overall survival compared with complete resection. To our best knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate the prognostic value of tumor extent of resection among the molecular subgroups of 113 medulloblastoma in the Chinese population.The prognostic benefit of the increased extent of resection for patients with medulloblastoma is attenuated after the molecular subgroups are taken into account. We still need further study to assess the benefit of surgical resection of small residual portions.