In this paper, stable isotope （δ18O, δD） investigations were completed in ground ice from a deep borehole in the Beiluhe Basin on northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to unravel the isotopic variations of ground ice and...In this paper, stable isotope （δ18O, δD） investigations were completed in ground ice from a deep borehole in the Beiluhe Basin on northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to unravel the isotopic variations of ground ice and their possible source water. The δ18O and δD of ground ice show distinctive characteristics compared with precipitation and surface water. The near-surface ground ice is highly enriched in heavier isotopes （δ18O and δD）, which were gradually depleted from top to bottom along the profile. It is suggestive of different origin and ice formation process. According to isotopic variations, the ice profile was divided into three sections： the near-surface ground ice at 2.5 m is frozen by the active-layer water which suffered evaporation. It is possible that ground ice between 3 and 4.2 m is recharged by the infiltration of snowmelt. From 5 to 6 m, the ground ice show complex origin and formation processes. Isotopic variations from 6 to 11.1 m and 20.55 m indicate different replenishment water. The calculated slope of freezing line （S=6.4） is larger than the experimental value （5.76）, and is suggestive of complex origin and formation process of ground ice.展开更多
Lactate is an end product of glycolysis.Owing to the lactate shuttle concept introduced in the early 1980s,increasing researchers indicate lactate as a critical energy source for mitochondrial respiration and as a pre...Lactate is an end product of glycolysis.Owing to the lactate shuttle concept introduced in the early 1980s,increasing researchers indicate lactate as a critical energy source for mitochondrial respiration and as a precursor of gluconeogenesis.Lactate also acts as a multifunctional signaling molecule through receptors expressed in various cells,resulting in diverse biological consequences including decreased lipolysis,immune regulation,and anti-inflammation wound healing,and enhanced exercise performance in association with the gut microbiome.Furthermore,increasing evidence reveals that lactate contributes to epigenetic gene regulation by lactylating lysine residues of histones,which accounts for its key role in immune modulation and maintenance of homeostasis.Here,we summarize the function and mechanism of lactate and lactylation in tumor metabolism and microenvironment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41501071)by the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering(Grant No.SKLFSE201511)+1 种基金by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2016M590984)by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Research Program(Grant No.KZZD-EW-13)
文摘In this paper, stable isotope （δ18O, δD） investigations were completed in ground ice from a deep borehole in the Beiluhe Basin on northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to unravel the isotopic variations of ground ice and their possible source water. The δ18O and δD of ground ice show distinctive characteristics compared with precipitation and surface water. The near-surface ground ice is highly enriched in heavier isotopes （δ18O and δD）, which were gradually depleted from top to bottom along the profile. It is suggestive of different origin and ice formation process. According to isotopic variations, the ice profile was divided into three sections： the near-surface ground ice at 2.5 m is frozen by the active-layer water which suffered evaporation. It is possible that ground ice between 3 and 4.2 m is recharged by the infiltration of snowmelt. From 5 to 6 m, the ground ice show complex origin and formation processes. Isotopic variations from 6 to 11.1 m and 20.55 m indicate different replenishment water. The calculated slope of freezing line （S=6.4） is larger than the experimental value （5.76）, and is suggestive of complex origin and formation process of ground ice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82060042)Guangxi Natural ScienceFoundation(China)(No.2020GXNSFBA297082)+1 种基金Guangxi Science and Technology Program Project(China)(No.AD19245005)The Basic Ability Enhancement Program for Young and Middle-aged Teachers of Guangxi(China)(No.2020KY12017).
文摘Lactate is an end product of glycolysis.Owing to the lactate shuttle concept introduced in the early 1980s,increasing researchers indicate lactate as a critical energy source for mitochondrial respiration and as a precursor of gluconeogenesis.Lactate also acts as a multifunctional signaling molecule through receptors expressed in various cells,resulting in diverse biological consequences including decreased lipolysis,immune regulation,and anti-inflammation wound healing,and enhanced exercise performance in association with the gut microbiome.Furthermore,increasing evidence reveals that lactate contributes to epigenetic gene regulation by lactylating lysine residues of histones,which accounts for its key role in immune modulation and maintenance of homeostasis.Here,we summarize the function and mechanism of lactate and lactylation in tumor metabolism and microenvironment.
