内蒙古乌兰拜其铅锌矿床成因探讨:流体包裹体及矿石矿物S-Pb同位素、微量元素证据

乌兰拜其铅锌矿床是近年来在大兴安岭中南段地区新发现的一处中型铅锌多金属矿床,目前已探明铅锌储量约27万吨,其中Ⅰ号矿段为主要的组成矿段。本文以乌兰拜其矿床Ⅰ号矿段作为研究对象,试图讨论乌兰拜其铅锌矿床成矿流体性质、成矿物质来源、成矿地质背景及成因类型。乌兰拜其矿床Ⅰ号矿段矿体主要呈似层状赋存于白音高老组地层中酸性火山碎屑岩中。根据矿物的组构和穿插关系,初步将I号矿段成矿作用划分为:毒砂-黄铁矿阶段、多金属硫化物阶段和绢云母-绿泥石阶段等三个主要成矿阶段。其中矿床中主成矿阶段的石英、闪锌矿中的流体包裹体可分为气液两相包裹体(Ⅰ型)和含子晶多相包裹体(Ⅱ型)两类。石英中气液两相包裹体的均一温度范围为125~481℃,盐度为2.74%~7.02%NaCleqv;闪锌矿中的流体包裹体均一温度范围为110~327℃,盐度为2.90%~7.02%NaCleqv。分析计算得出的包裹体形成时的成矿压力为8.27~37.43MPa,平均压力为21.26MPa;成矿深度为0.28~1.25km,平均深度为0.71km。这表明乌兰拜其铅锌矿床的成矿流体具有中低温、低密度、低盐度的特征,其形成于压力较低,深度较浅的环境下。矿床主成矿阶段的多金属硫化物具有较小的δ34S值变化范围(-6.73‰~0.17‰,均值为-4.10‰),指示硫来源于深源岩浆。闪锌矿、黄铜矿Pb同位素(206Pb/204Pb为18.130~18.267,207Pb/204Pb为15.488~15.545,208Pb/204Pb为37.920~38.104)组成较为稳定。其μ值为9.27~9.28,ω值为33.46~34.02,暗示乌兰拜其矿床铅具有壳幔混合来源特征。乌兰拜其硫铅同位素组成与大兴安岭地区成矿物质为岩浆来源的金属矿床特征相似,与早白垩世火山岩浆活动关系密切,是深部岩浆热液逐步演化的产物。结合矿区与成矿关系密切的燕山晚期花岗岩,本次研究初步认为乌兰拜其铅锌多金属矿床是受燕山晚期中酸性火山岩-次火山岩和断裂控制的,与岩浆活动有关的中低温热液铅锌多金属矿床。

SHRIMP U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of the Xiaotongguanshan and Shatanjiao Intrusions and Its Petrological Implications in the Tongling Area, Anhui

This paper determines the crystallization ages of the Xiaotongguanshan quartz monzodiorite and Shatanjiao quartz monzonitc porphyry from the Tongling area using the SHRIMP zircon U-Pb method. The crystallization age of the former is 142.8±1.8 Ma; that of the latter is 151.8±2.6 Ma. These data indicate that they were formed during the Late Jurassic （142.8 to 151.8 Ma）. Zoned magma chamber was formed because of double diffusive convection. Therefore, the intrusive sequence of magma is generally from quartz monzonite through quartz monzodiorite to pyroxene monzodiorite, i.e. an inverted sequence.