Incidence,genomic diversity,and evolution of strawberry mottle virus in China

Strawberry mottle virus(SMoV)is one of the most common viruses infecting strawberries,causing losses to fruit yield and quality.In this study,165 strawberry leaf samples were collected from six provinces of China,46 of which tested positive for SMoV.The complete genome sequences of 11 SMoV isolates were obtained from Liaoning(DGHY3,DGHY16-2,DGHY17,DGHY20-2,DGHY21,DGHY26-2),Shandong(SDHY1,SDHY5,SDHY31-2,SDHY33-2),and Beijing(BJMX7).The RNA1 and RNA2 nucleotide identities between the 11 Chinese isolates were 95.4-99.3%and 96.3-99.6%,respectively,and they shared 78.4-96.6%and 84.8-93.5%identities with the available SMoV isolates in GenBank.Recombination analysis revealed that Chinese isolate SDHY33-2 and Canadian isolates Ontario and Simcoe were recombinants,and recombination events frequently occurred in the 3’UTR of SMoV.Phylogenetic analysis showed that in an RNA1 tree,most Chinese isolates clustered into the same group while isolate DGHY17 clustered into another group together with Czech isolate C and three Canadian isolates.In an RNA2 tree,all Chinese isolates clustered into a single group.The phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences was consistent with the results based on coat protein(CP)and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp).Further evolutionary analysis indicated that negative selection drives SMoV evolution,and gene flow plays a major role in genetic differentiation.Additionally,reassortment and recombination also influence the evolution of SMoV.To our knowledge,this is the first report of the complete genome of SMoV isolates from China and a detailed analysis of the SMoV population structure.

Prevalence and clinical characteristics of atrial fibrillation in hospitalized patients with coronary artery disease and hypertension: a cross-sectional study from 2008 to 2018

Background: The clinical characteristics of patients with the comorbidities of hypertension and coronary artery disease (HT-CAD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of AF in patients with HT-CAD and clinical characteristics of patients with both HT-CAD and AF. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital in Beijing, China, and included 20,747 inpatients with HT-CAD with or without AF from August 2008 to July 2018. We examined the overall prevalence, clinical characteristics, comorbidity profiles, treatment patterns, and blood pressure (BP) control of patients with both HT-CAD and AF. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the associations of cardiovascular risk factors with AF in patients with HT-CAD. Results: The overall prevalence of AF in patients with HT-CAD was 4.87% (1011/20,747), and this increased with age;to be specific, the prevalence in women and men increased from 0.78% (2/255) and 1.02% (26/2561) at the age of <50 years to 8.73% (193/2210) and 10.28 % (298/2900) at the age of ≥70 years, respectively. HT-CAD patients who had AF had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular-related comorbidities than those without AF. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age, gender (male), body mass index, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease were independently associated with the risk of AF in patients with HT-CAD. For those with both HT-CAD and AF, 73.49% (743/1011) had a CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score of ≥4, and only about half of them had the BP controlled at <140/90 mmHg, which indicated a high risk of thromboembolism and stroke. The use of oral anticoagulation increased during the study period (10.00% [20/200] in 2008 to 2011 vs. 30.06% [159/529] in 2015 to 2018, P < 0.01), but remained at a relatively low level. Conclusions: AF is highly prevalent among patients with HT-CAD. Patients with both HT-CAD and AF have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular-related comorbidities, lower BP control rate, and lower use of oral anticoagulation.