A developed ant colony algorithm for cancer molecular subtype classification to reveal the predictive biomarker in the renal cell carcinoma

Background:Recently,researchers have been attracted in identifying the crucial genes related to cancer,which plays important role in cancer diagnosis and treatment.However,in performing the cancer molecular subtype classification task from cancer gene expression data,it is challenging to obtain those significant genes due to the high dimensionality and high noise of data.Moreover,the existing methods always suffer from some issues such as premature convergence.Methods:To address those problems,we propose a new ant colony optimization(ACO)algorithm called DACO to classify the cancer gene expression datasets,identifying the essential genes of different diseases.In DACO,first,we propose the initial pheromone concentration based on the weight ranking vector to accelerate the convergence speed;then,a dynamic pheromone volatility factor is designed to prevent the algorithm from getting stuck in the local optimal solution;finally,the pheromone update rule in the Ant Colony System is employed to update the pheromone globally and locally.To demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm in classification,different existing approaches are compared with the proposed algorithm on eight high-dimensional cancer gene expression datasets.Results:The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than other effective methods in terms of classification accuracy and the number of feature sets.It can be used to address the classification problem effectively.Moreover,a renal cell carcinoma dataset is employed to reveal the biological significance of the proposed algorithm from a number of biological analyses.Conclusion:The results demonstrate that CAPS may play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of renal clear cell carcinoma.

Amorphous carbon-linked TiO_(2)/carbon nanotube film composite with enhanced photocatalytic performance:The effect of interface contact and hydrophilicity

Carbon nanotube film(CNTF)can be used for photocatalysis and water treatment due to its porous structure,good stability and excellent electrical properties.In this work,TiO_(2)/amorphous carbon/carbon nanotube film(TCC)composite with uniform structure was prepared by a simple atomization spraying method.Rhodamine B(RhB)was used to test the photocatalytic activity of TCC.TCC composite exhibits good photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet light.In particular,the degradation efficiency of rhodamine B(RhB)by TCC sprayed with 9 layers of TiO_(2)(9 TCC)increased by 1.45 times than of TiO_(2) under ultraviolet light.The enhanced photocatalytic activity of TCC is attributed to the CNTF,which can broaden the light response range of TCC and improve the migration efficiency of electrons.The existence of amorphous carbon will promote these advances.Moreover,the better hydrophilic properties would enhance the catalytic performance happened on the solid-liquid interface.Finally,the photocatalytic mechanism and degradation intermediates of the TCC composite were proposed.