城市鸟类物种多样性分析——以绍兴市镜湖新区为例

2021年11月至2022年10月,采用样线法调查绍兴市镜湖新区的鸟类物种多样性,共记录到鸟类98种,隶属于11目37科。从居留型来看,冬候鸟41种、留鸟37种、夏候鸟17种、旅鸟3种。在不同类型栖息地中,湿地公园鸟类物种多样性最高,人类小区鸟类多样性最低,鸟类物种数量与生态系统类型、人类干扰程度相关。通过调查,掌握了绍兴市镜湖新区鸟类多样性的现状,能够为城市鸟类保护提供理论基础和建议。

绍兴市镜湖新区生物多样性保护现状及对策

城市生物多样性对维护城市生态安全、保障城市生态平衡、改善城市人居环境具有重要意义。在城市化快速发展的背景下,保护城市生物多样性是实现城市可持续发展的重要基础。以绍兴市主城区镜湖新区为例,开展了生物多样性调查,分析生物多样性现状及存在的问题,并提出相应的对策,以期为镜湖新区生物多样性保护提供参考。

血清胆红素和尿酸浓度与轻度认知障碍的相关性研究

目的探讨轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患者血清胆红素和尿酸水平与认知功能的关系。方法检测71例MCI患者(MCI组)及80名认知正常者(对照组)患者的血尿酸、总胆红素(TB)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)水平。采用MMSE和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)对入组者行神经心理学评定。结果与对照组比较,MCI组年龄及吸烟史比率显著升高(均P<0.05),受教育年限、MMSE评分、MoCA评分、MoCA子评分中的视空间与执行能力、注意力、抽象思维、延迟回忆及TB、IBIL、尿酸浓度显著降低(P<0.05~0.01)。TB与MMSE、MoCA评分呈正相关(r=0.287,P=0.030;r=0.347,P=0.024),与MoCA子项目中的视空间与执行功能、抽象思维、延迟回忆呈正相关(r=0.327,P=0.040;r=0.310,P=0.028;r=0.315,P=0.038)。尿酸与MMSE、MoCA评分呈正相关(r=0.293,P=0.030;r=0.337,P=0.013),与MoCA子项目中的视空间与执行功能、注意力、延迟回忆、抽象思维呈正相关(r=0.300,P=0.021;r=0.318,P=0.013;r=0.302,P=0.020;r=0.296,P=0.025)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高龄、低教育程度和吸烟是MCI的独立危险因素(P<0.05~0.01),TB及尿酸水平是MCI的保护性因素(均P<0.05)。结论高龄、低教育程度和吸烟可促进MCI发生,TB及尿酸水平可防止MCI。

Quantitative Prediction of Reduction in Large Pipe Setting Round Process

The control manner during the process to ensure the quality of pipe products mainly relies on the operator’s experience, so it is very necessary to study the setting round process and obtain its spring-back law. The setting round process is shaping an oval section pipe into circular section, so it is difficult to provide a quantificational analysis for its spring-back process because of the curvature inequality of pipe section neutral layer. However, the spring-back law of the circle-oval process can be easily predicted. The experimental method is firstly used to establish the equivalent effect between the setting round process and the circle-oval process. The setting round process can be converted into the circle-oval process. There are two difficulties in the theoretical analysis for the circle-oval process: elastic-plastic bending problem of curved beam; statically indeterminate problem. A quantitative analytic method for the circle-oval process is presented on the basis of combination of the spring-back law of plane curved beam with the element dividing idea in finite element method. The ovality after unloading versus the relative reduction is plotted with analytical and experimental results respectively, which shows a fair agreement. Finally, the method of quantitative prediction of reduction for large pipe setting round is given based on the equivalent effect and the analytical results. Five pipes, which are needed to be set round, are used to carry out experiment so as to verify this method. The results of verification experiment indicates that, in the experimental range, the residual ovality are all under 0.35% after the once only setting round with the theoretical prediction reductions. It is much less than the 1% requirement of pipe standard. Applying the established theoretical analysis is able to correct the pipe ovality with sufficient accuracy, which provides theoretical direction to plant use.

血清胆红素和纤维蛋白原浓度与血管性认知损害非痴呆的相关性

目的探究血管性认知损害非痴呆(vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia,VCIND)患者血清胆红素和血浆纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)浓度与认知功能的关系。方法测定82例VCIND组和70例对照组血浆纤维蛋白原和血清胆红素的浓度;采用简易精神状态检查量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)对入组者行神经心理学评价;比较两组间胆红素和纤维蛋白原浓度及认知功能变化情况;用Logistic回归法分析VCIND的影响因素。结果 VCIND组患者的血清胆红素浓度较对照组降低,而血浆FIB浓度较对照组明显升高;VCIND组MMSE评分(25.40±2.33)和MoCA评分(22.40±2.08)较对照组(28.44±1.11、27.44±1.04)偏低,差别均有统计学意义(t=-8.368,P=0.000;t=-10.644,P=0.000);血清胆红素水平与MMSE评分和MoCA评分总得分(r=0.271,P=0.042;r=0.341,P=0.009)及其子项目中的视空间与执行功能、注意力、延迟回忆等评分均呈正相关(r=0.322,P=0.024;r=0.232,P=0.034;r=0.307,P=0.005),血浆FIB水平与MMSE评分和MoCA总评分(r=-0.538,P=0.001;r=-0.464,P=0.007)及其子项目中的视空间与执行功能、注意力、延迟回忆、抽象思维等评分均呈负相关(r=-0.321,P=0.013;r=-0.305,P=0.016;r=-0.376,P=0.003;r=-0.295,P=0.017);Logistic回归分析显示:在调整多种因素后,高龄和高纤维蛋白原水平与认知功能为负性相关关系(β=0.115,P=0.001;β=2.818,P=0.000),高教育程度和总胆红素水平与与认知功能为正性相关关系(β=-0.281,P=0.000;β=-0.101,P=0.035)。结论 VCIND患者血清胆红素浓度下降,与认知功能呈正相关;血浆FIB升高,与认知功能呈负相关。较高年龄及纤维蛋白原水平是VCIND的危险因素,而较高的受教育程度及总胆红素水平是保护性因素。

大型直缝焊管三辊连续复合矫形工艺的辊形设计及过程仿真

现有的矫直、矫圆工艺均是分工独立完成的。为了在一个工序中同时完成矫直和矫圆工艺和解决大型直缝焊管成形后椭圆度和直线度的超标问题,提出一种新型的大型直缝焊管三辊连续复合矫形工艺。并以矫后管材的椭圆度、直线度和残余应力最小为设计目标,对该工艺进行过程仿真。结果表明,采用"五段式"的辊形设计并且辊轴各段的设计比例为1∶2∶4∶2∶1有更好的矫圆和矫直效果。此外,管材的椭圆度、直线度以及残余应力均与弹区比有关。当弹区比较小时,管壁截面出现失稳现象。对于同种材料,弹区比越小,管材的变形程度和矫后的残余应力越大。当弹区比分别为0.6和0.8时,均能获得良好的成形效果。矫形段辊形曲线的设计为双曲线的形式,所得到的管材直线度可以达到0.12%,椭圆度可以达到0.06%,满足大型直缝焊管的工业要求。该工艺可实现大型直缝焊管直线度和椭圆度的协同调控,从而缩短生产工艺流程,提高矫形效率。

2018年唐山市丰南区居民死因监测分析

目的了解唐山市丰南区居民死亡水平和主要死因,分析居民死因分布特点,为制定卫生工作决策和评价防治效果提供基础信息和科学依据。方法收集"人口死亡信息登记管理系统"中2018年唐山市丰南区的死亡数据,对丰南区居民死因开展现况研究。结果唐山市丰南区2018年监测常住人口538624人,死亡3903人,总死亡率724.62/10万,标化死亡率480.50/10万。其中男性死亡率804.12/10万,标化死亡率551.85/10万;女性死亡率644.06/10万,标化死亡率407.75/10万,男性死亡率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=47.95,P<0.01)。前5位死因依次为:心脏病、脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、损伤及中毒,男性和女性比较,前5位死因及排序均相同,其中慢性病占全死因的92.46%。结论2018年唐山市丰南区主要死因为慢性非传染性疾病、损伤和中毒,应在政府主导和多部门协作下,大力倡导健康生活方式,提高全民健康素养,降低慢性病患病风险。

Detecting the storage and change on topsoil organic carbon in grasslands of Inner Mongolia from 1980s to 2010s

Soil carbon sequestration and potential has been a focal issue in global carbon research. Under the background of global change, the estimation of the size as well as its change of soil organic carbon（SOC） storage is of great importance. Based on soil data from the second national soil survey and field survey during 2011–2012, by using the regression method between sampling soil data and remote sensing data, this paper aimed to investigate spatial distribution and changes of topsoil（0–20 cm） organic carbon storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s. The results showed that：（1） the SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s was estimated to be 2.05 and 2.17 Pg C, with an average density of 3.48 and 3.69 kg C·m–2, respectively. The SOC storage was mainly distributed in the typical steppe and meadow steppe, which accounted for over 98% of the total SOC storage. The spatial distribution showed a decreased trend from the meadow steppe, typical steppe to the desert steppe, corresponding to the temperature and precipitation gradient.（2） SOC changes during 1982–2012 were estimated to be 0.12 Pg C, at 7.00 g C·m–2·yr–1, which didn＇t show a significant change, indicating that SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia remained relatively stable over this period. However, topsoil organic carbon showed different trends of carbon source/sink during the past three decades. Meadow steppe and typical steppe had sequestered 0.15 and 0.03 Pg C, respectively, served as a carbon sink; while desert steppe lost 0.06 Pg C, served as a carbon source. It appears that SOC storage in grassland ecosystem may respond differently to climate change, related to vegetation type, regional climate type and grazing intensity. These results might give advice to decision makers on adopting suitable countermeasures for sustainable grassland utilization and protection.