浓硫酸焙烧钛渣后的滤渣碱浸动力学研究

以浓硫酸焙烧法从钛渣提钛后的滤渣作为实验原料,采用NaOH溶液浸出滤渣中的SiO2,确定搅拌速度、液固比、碱渣质量比对SiO2浸出率的影响,并探索浸出反应动力学。结果表明,搅拌速度对SiO2浸出率影响较小,随着浸出温度、浸出时间、反应液固比以及碱渣质量比的增大,SiO2浸出率增大。浸出反应过程受化学反应控制,表观活化能为42.89kJ/mol,动力学方程为1-(1-x)1/3=0.44×103×[-42887/(RT)]×t。

红土镍矿制备黄钠铁矾的研究

为确定红土镍矿酸化焙烧溶出液中硫酸镍溶液除铁的工艺条件,以低品位红土镍矿硫酸铵焙烧熟料溶出液为研究对象,Na2CO3为造矾试剂制备了黄钠铁矾。造矾最佳试验条件为:反应温度95℃、反应时间4 h、终点p H值为2.5,除铁率在99.5%以上,并采用XRD、SEM和化学分析手段对黄钠铁矾进行了物化表征,显示在此条件下所得到的黄钠铁矾具有分散性良好、外形规则的,包含多个光滑颗粒的花球状的结构。

碱浸提钛渣提硅实验过程及其动力学研究

硫酸氢铵焙烧高钛渣提钛后的滤渣中存在大量的硅,对苛刻碱浸渣提硅实验过程中各参数的影响进行系统的研究。结果表明:在反应温度220℃,苛性碱与浸出渣质量比为3.5∶1,液固比5.5∶1,反应时间50 min,搅拌速度400 r/min的实验条件下,SiO2提取率可达78.4%。碱浸过程动力学分析表明此反应过程受内扩散控制,反应的表观活化能为24.047 kJ/mol,动力学方程为:1+2(1-x)-3(1-x)^2/3=2.415exp[-24 047/(RT)]·t。

延吉盆地龙井组上部发现层状火山岩——德新组的建立

延吉盆地老头沟、三峰洞、帽儿山等地发育有多个呈孤峰状产出的安山岩地质体,长期以来被作为次火山岩体描述。作者在朝阳川镇德新村东发现其不整合覆盖于龙井组之上,确定其为一套喷出相火山岩,新建德新组,根据龙井组及区域上珲春组时代限定,推断其时代为晚白垩世。

Kinetics of roasting potash feldspar in presence of sodium carbonate

A novel process was proposed for the utilization of potash feldspar by roasting in the presence of sodium carbonate. The effects of roasting temperature, granularity, molar ratio of sodium carbonate to potash feldspar and roasting time on the silica extraction rate were investigated. Under the optimal roasting conditions, the silica extraction rate was 98%. The optimal conditions, determined using an orthogonal experiment, were found to be roasting temperature of 875 A degrees C, potash feldspar granularity of 74-89 mu m, molar ratio of sodium carbonate to potash feldspar of 1.2:1, and roasting time of 80 min. The kinetics of potash feldspar roasting in the presence of sodium carbonate was described by the shrinking core model and the reaction rate was found to be controlled by the chemical reaction at the particle surface. According to the Arrhenius expression, the activation energy was 164.99 kJ/mol, and the process could be expressed as [1-(1-alpha)(1/3)]=2.66x10(5) exp[-164990/(RT)] t.

Extracting reaction mechanism analysis of Zn and Si from zinc oxide ore by NaOH roasting method

The orthogonal test was used to optimize the reaction conditions of roasting zinc oxide ore with NaOH aiming to comprehensively utilize zinc oxide ore.The optimized reaction conditions were molar ratio of NaOH to zinc oxide ore 6:1,roasting temperature 450°C,holding time 150 min.The molar ratio of NaOH to zinc oxide ore was the most predominant factor affecting the extraction ratios of zinc oxide and silica.The mineral phase transformations were investigated by testing the phases of specimens obtained at different temperatures.The process was that silica reacted with molten NaOH to form Na_2SiO_3 at first,then transformed into Na_4SiO_4 with temperature rising.ZnCO_3 and its decomposing product ZnO reacted with NaOH to form Na_2ZnO_2.Na_2ZnSiO_4was also obtained.The reaction rate was investigated using unreacted shrinking core model.Two models used were chemical reaction at the particle surface and diffusion through the product layer.The results indicated that the reaction rate was combine-controlled by two models.The activation energy and frequency factor were obtained as 24.12 k J/mol and 0.0682,respectively.

Desilication kinetics of calcined boron mud in molten sodium hydroxide media

Desilication kinetics of calcined boron mud(CBM) occurring in molten sodium hydroxide media was investigated. The effects of factors such as reaction temperature and Na OH-to-CBM mass ratio on silicon extraction efficiency were studied. The results show that silicon extraction efficiency increases with increasing the reaction time and Na OH-to-CBM mass ratio. There are two stages for the desilication process of the calcined boron mud. The overall desilication process follows the shrinking-core model, and the first and second stages of the process were determined to obey the shrinking-core model for surface chemical reaction and the diffusion through the product layer, respectively. The activation energies of the first and second stages were calculated to be 44.78 k J/mol and 15.94 k J/mol, respectively.

DFT Studies on Non-IPR C_(68) and Endohedral Fullerene Sc_3N@C_(68)

Density functional theory （DFT） calculations on two isomers of C68 with the minimal number of fused pentagon pairs, its anions and Sc3N as well as Sc3N@C68 （6140） metallofullerene were carded out at the B3LYP/6-31G^＊ level. The optimized configurations and electrostatic potential distributions have been obtained. The calculated results show that the electrostatic potentials of C68 （6140） inside the sphere have three minima in the middle of the double bonds at fusion of two hexagonal rings. In contrast, potential minimum Vmin（r） of C68 （6275） inside the sphere occurs at the center of the sphere. Concerning the two isomers of C68, the largest regions with the most negative MEP outside the sphere are both localized in the neighborhood of pentagon-pentagon vertex fusions. They constitute the most probable active sites in chemical reactions. Our results present a reasonable explanation for the bonding between scandium atoms and fullerene cage.

Preparation,characterization and catalytic performance of Cu nanowire catalyst for CO_(2) hydrogenation

Pure Cu nanowires as catalyst were prepared by electrochemical deposition and were used in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol.The active sites of the Cu based catalyst were discussed.The performance and structural development of the catalyst were observed during CO2 hydrogenation.A mechanism for the deactivation of the catalyst was discussed.The key factors that affect the deactivation of the catalyst were found.Cu nanowire sample was characterized by SEM,EDS,XRD,and BET.The results show that Cu nanowires have very high sintering resistance and catalytic stability.This helps to develop high performance catalysts.The changes in the grain size,SEM morphology and catalytic properties of the sample during CO2 hydrogenation show that the migration of the Cu atoms on the surface of the Cu nanowires can occur.Continuous migration of Cu atoms and sintering of Cu grains can lead to flow blockage in gas channels.The gas channel flow blockage or the sintering of Cu grains can lead to deactivation of the catalyst.However,the shape of catalytic performance curve indicates that the main reason for the deactivation of the catalyst is the gas channel flow blockage.

Reaction behavior of silicon-rich diasporic bauxite with ammonium sulfate during roasting

The separation of Al from the silicon-rich diasporic bauxite is of great significance in alumina production.Herein,we proposed a low-temperature ammonium sulfate roasting-water leaching process to extract aluminum from silicon-rich diasporic bauxite.Parameters including roasting temperature,dosage of ammonium sulfate,roasting time,and particle size of ore were investigated.Under the condition of roasting temperature of 400℃,roasting time of 5 h,ammonium sulfate dosage of 2.5 times of the theoretical value and ore particle size of 80−96μm,more than 98%leaching rate of aluminum was obtained.The phase transformation and mechanism during the roasting process were revealed by using X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,differential thermal analysis,and scanning electron microscope methods.The diaspore and kaolinite phases in the silicon-rich diasporic bauxite could react with ammonium sulfate to form corresponding sulfates(NH_(4))_(3)Al(SO_(4))_(3) Al(SO_(4))_(2) and Al_(2)(SO_(4))_(3).The proposed technology could provide an effective method for the direct and separation of aluminum from silicon-rich diasporic bauxite.

原位硫酸焙烧浸出低品位软锰矿及元素分离

研究了一种低品位软锰矿焙烧-水浸提锰的新方法。以锰和铁的提取率为指标,通过正交试验,确定了焙烧工艺的最合适条件为酸矿比2∶1,焙烧温度650℃,水酸比0.2∶1,焙烧时间4 h。进一步研究溶出温度、溶出时间、溶出液固比等因素对锰、铁提取率的影响,确定了溶出试验的最合适条件为搅拌速度300 r/min,溶出温度90℃,溶出时间50 min,溶出液固比6∶1,此条件下锰的提取率可达98.16%,铁的提取率约为0.87%,实现了低品位软锰矿中锰元素的高效提取以及锰与铁、硅元素的有效分离。