背景我国订单定向医学生免费培养项目(简称订单定向项目)政策从建设基层医疗卫生人才队伍入手,为提高我国农村地区的医疗服务可及性和医疗服务质量等做出了卓越贡献。综合了解订单定向医学生队伍现状,对评价该项免费培养政策的执行效果...背景我国订单定向医学生免费培养项目(简称订单定向项目)政策从建设基层医疗卫生人才队伍入手,为提高我国农村地区的医疗服务可及性和医疗服务质量等做出了卓越贡献。综合了解订单定向医学生队伍现状,对评价该项免费培养政策的执行效果,以及基层医疗卫生人才队伍的长期发展有重要意义。目的对我国订单定向项目相关研究及国外相似项目研究进展进行综述,归纳总结项目的执行过程和执行结果,并比较国内外研究的异同。方法本研究开展时间为2021年7—9月。在中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网进行中文文献检索,检索时间设定为2010-07-01至2021-07-01;在PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus进行英文文献检索,检索时间设定为2000-01-01至2021-07-01。根据纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选,提取相关信息,根据研究对象和研究内容对文献进行分类分析。结果最终纳入文献443篇,其中关于我国订单定向项目的文献427篇,关于国外相似项目的文献16篇。纳入文献的研究主题包括培养方式、招生录取、培养过程、就业发展4大类。在427篇我国订单定向项目相关文献中,102篇(23.9%)对订单定向医学生培养方式进行论述。10篇(2.3%)对订单定向医学生招生录取情况进行分析,发现订单定向医学生对相关政策的知晓率较高(>75.0%~90.9%),农村生源比例较高(57.6%~84.2%)。270篇(63.2%)文献以订单定向医学生的培养过程为切入点,重点对其学习情况、职业认同感和履约意愿进行研究,发现订单定向医学生学习成绩和职业认同感低于普通临床医学生。对订单定向医学生履约意愿的研究结果差异较大(42.4%~98.4%),依据样本量加权得到平均履约意愿为66.2%。仅有25篇(5.9%)对订单定向毕业生就业发展情况进行研究,发现其平均履约率为93.6%。与其他临床五年制毕业生相比,订单定向医学生完成住院医师规范化培训和通过执业医师考试的进程较快。在纳入的16篇国外相关文献中,11篇(68.8%)对订单定向医学毕业生的就业发展情况进行了研究,得到的结果与国内研究相似。结论目前订单定向研究数量较多,主题丰富,研究发现订单定向医学生免费培养政策执行较好,为中西部地区培养了大量优秀的基层卫生人才。但目前研究多着眼于订单定向医学生的培养阶段,对于已投身基层的医学生了解不足。未来研究应将重点放在订单定向医学生完成合同期后的留任情况、就业后的职业发展进程及在基层医疗卫生机构中发挥的实际作用3个方面。展开更多
Recent investigations found that hydrothermal activity and sulfide mineralization occurs along the Southwest Indian Ridge（SWIR）. The Longqi and Duanqiao hydrothermal fields between 49° E and 53° E of the S...Recent investigations found that hydrothermal activity and sulfide mineralization occurs along the Southwest Indian Ridge（SWIR）. The Longqi and Duanqiao hydrothermal fields between 49° E and 53° E of the SWIR are two prospective mineralization areas discovered by Chinese scientists. With the aim to determine the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of sulfide minerals, we have conducted detailed studies for samples from the two areas using an optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and electron microprobe. The mineralization processes in the Longqi area are divided into three main stages：（1） the low-medium-temperature stage： colloform pyrite（Py I） ＋ marcasite → euhedral pyrite（Py II）,（2） the high-temperature stage： isocubanite（±exsolved chalcopyrite） ＋ pyrrhotite → coarse-grained chalcopyrite（Ccp I）, and（3） the medium–low-temperature stage： sphalerite ＋ fine-grained chalcopyrite inclusions（Ccp II） → aggregates of anhedral pyrite（Py III） ± marcasite → Fe-oxide（-hydroxide） ＋ amorphous silica. The mineralization processes in the Duanqiao area are divided into two main stages：（1） the medium–high-temperature stage： subhedral and euhedral pyrite（Py I′） → coarse-grained chalcopyrite（Ccp I′） and（2） the medium–low-temperature stage： sphalerite → fine-grained chalcopyrite（Ccp II′） ＋ chalcopyrite inclusions（Ccp II′） → silica-cemented pyrite（Py II′） ＋ marcasite → Fe-oxide ＋ amorphous silica. We suggest that the fine-grained chalcopyrite inclusions in sphalerite from Longqi and Duanqiao were formed by co-precipitation and replacement mechanisms, respectively. Primary sphalerites from both fields are enriched in Fe（avg. 5.84 wt% for the Longqi field vs. avg. 3.69 wt% for the Duanqiao field）, Co（avg. 185.56 ppm for the Longqi field vs. 160.53 ppm for the Duanqiao field）, and Cd（avg. 1950 ppm for the Longqi field vs. avg. 525.26 ppm for the Duanqiao field）. Cu contents in pyrite from the Duanqiao field（Py I′： avg. 849.23 ppm and Py II′： avg. 1191.11 ppm） tend to be higher than those from the Longqi field（Py I： avg. 26.67 ppm, Py II： avg. 445 ppm, and Py III： avg. 179.29 ppm）. Chalcopyrite from both fields is enriched in Zn（Ccp I： avg. 3226.67 ppm, Ccp II： avg. 9280 ppm, Ccp I′： avg. 848 ppm, Ccp II′（inclusions）： avg. 1098 ppm, and Ccp II′（fine-grained）： avg. 1795 ppm）. The varying contents of Zn in the different pyrite and chalcopyrite generations may result from the zone refining process. An integrated study of the mineralogy and mineralogical chemistry suggests that the hydrothermal fluids of the Longqi area are likely conditioned with higher temperatures and relatively lower fO2 and fS2 than those of the Duanqiao area, but in contrast to the former, the latter is much affected by the compositions of the surrounding rocks.展开更多
文摘背景我国订单定向医学生免费培养项目(简称订单定向项目)政策从建设基层医疗卫生人才队伍入手,为提高我国农村地区的医疗服务可及性和医疗服务质量等做出了卓越贡献。综合了解订单定向医学生队伍现状,对评价该项免费培养政策的执行效果,以及基层医疗卫生人才队伍的长期发展有重要意义。目的对我国订单定向项目相关研究及国外相似项目研究进展进行综述,归纳总结项目的执行过程和执行结果,并比较国内外研究的异同。方法本研究开展时间为2021年7—9月。在中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网进行中文文献检索,检索时间设定为2010-07-01至2021-07-01;在PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus进行英文文献检索,检索时间设定为2000-01-01至2021-07-01。根据纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选,提取相关信息,根据研究对象和研究内容对文献进行分类分析。结果最终纳入文献443篇,其中关于我国订单定向项目的文献427篇,关于国外相似项目的文献16篇。纳入文献的研究主题包括培养方式、招生录取、培养过程、就业发展4大类。在427篇我国订单定向项目相关文献中,102篇(23.9%)对订单定向医学生培养方式进行论述。10篇(2.3%)对订单定向医学生招生录取情况进行分析,发现订单定向医学生对相关政策的知晓率较高(>75.0%~90.9%),农村生源比例较高(57.6%~84.2%)。270篇(63.2%)文献以订单定向医学生的培养过程为切入点,重点对其学习情况、职业认同感和履约意愿进行研究,发现订单定向医学生学习成绩和职业认同感低于普通临床医学生。对订单定向医学生履约意愿的研究结果差异较大(42.4%~98.4%),依据样本量加权得到平均履约意愿为66.2%。仅有25篇(5.9%)对订单定向毕业生就业发展情况进行研究,发现其平均履约率为93.6%。与其他临床五年制毕业生相比,订单定向医学生完成住院医师规范化培训和通过执业医师考试的进程较快。在纳入的16篇国外相关文献中,11篇(68.8%)对订单定向医学毕业生的就业发展情况进行了研究,得到的结果与国内研究相似。结论目前订单定向研究数量较多,主题丰富,研究发现订单定向医学生免费培养政策执行较好,为中西部地区培养了大量优秀的基层卫生人才。但目前研究多着眼于订单定向医学生的培养阶段,对于已投身基层的医学生了解不足。未来研究应将重点放在订单定向医学生完成合同期后的留任情况、就业后的职业发展进程及在基层医疗卫生机构中发挥的实际作用3个方面。
基金funded by the Resources Assessment Methods of Polymetallic Sulfides Program(NO.DY125-12-R-02)the Metallogenic Potential and Resources Assessment of the Polymetallic Sulfides in the Atlantic Ridge Program(NO.DY125-11-R-01)Deep Structure and Mineralization Process of the Lead-Zinc Deposit Systems fromed by the Continental Collision in Tibet Plateau(NO.2016YFC0600306)
文摘Recent investigations found that hydrothermal activity and sulfide mineralization occurs along the Southwest Indian Ridge（SWIR）. The Longqi and Duanqiao hydrothermal fields between 49° E and 53° E of the SWIR are two prospective mineralization areas discovered by Chinese scientists. With the aim to determine the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of sulfide minerals, we have conducted detailed studies for samples from the two areas using an optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and electron microprobe. The mineralization processes in the Longqi area are divided into three main stages：（1） the low-medium-temperature stage： colloform pyrite（Py I） ＋ marcasite → euhedral pyrite（Py II）,（2） the high-temperature stage： isocubanite（±exsolved chalcopyrite） ＋ pyrrhotite → coarse-grained chalcopyrite（Ccp I）, and（3） the medium–low-temperature stage： sphalerite ＋ fine-grained chalcopyrite inclusions（Ccp II） → aggregates of anhedral pyrite（Py III） ± marcasite → Fe-oxide（-hydroxide） ＋ amorphous silica. The mineralization processes in the Duanqiao area are divided into two main stages：（1） the medium–high-temperature stage： subhedral and euhedral pyrite（Py I′） → coarse-grained chalcopyrite（Ccp I′） and（2） the medium–low-temperature stage： sphalerite → fine-grained chalcopyrite（Ccp II′） ＋ chalcopyrite inclusions（Ccp II′） → silica-cemented pyrite（Py II′） ＋ marcasite → Fe-oxide ＋ amorphous silica. We suggest that the fine-grained chalcopyrite inclusions in sphalerite from Longqi and Duanqiao were formed by co-precipitation and replacement mechanisms, respectively. Primary sphalerites from both fields are enriched in Fe（avg. 5.84 wt% for the Longqi field vs. avg. 3.69 wt% for the Duanqiao field）, Co（avg. 185.56 ppm for the Longqi field vs. 160.53 ppm for the Duanqiao field）, and Cd（avg. 1950 ppm for the Longqi field vs. avg. 525.26 ppm for the Duanqiao field）. Cu contents in pyrite from the Duanqiao field（Py I′： avg. 849.23 ppm and Py II′： avg. 1191.11 ppm） tend to be higher than those from the Longqi field（Py I： avg. 26.67 ppm, Py II： avg. 445 ppm, and Py III： avg. 179.29 ppm）. Chalcopyrite from both fields is enriched in Zn（Ccp I： avg. 3226.67 ppm, Ccp II： avg. 9280 ppm, Ccp I′： avg. 848 ppm, Ccp II′（inclusions）： avg. 1098 ppm, and Ccp II′（fine-grained）： avg. 1795 ppm）. The varying contents of Zn in the different pyrite and chalcopyrite generations may result from the zone refining process. An integrated study of the mineralogy and mineralogical chemistry suggests that the hydrothermal fluids of the Longqi area are likely conditioned with higher temperatures and relatively lower fO2 and fS2 than those of the Duanqiao area, but in contrast to the former, the latter is much affected by the compositions of the surrounding rocks.
