3D打印导板技术在神经外科肿瘤定位教学中的应用

目的 探讨3D打印导板技术在神经外科颅脑肿瘤定位教学中的应用效果。方法 纳入进修医师40名作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组各20名。对照组采用传统教学方法,授课内容主要以颅脑解剖知识及体表解剖标志为主;试验组在传统教学的基础上加入了3D打印技术的教学内容,使其应用于颅脑肿瘤的定位。授课结束后,对两组学员实际的定位准确性进行比较,并且完成笔试内容,包括客观(理论考试)及主观(自我评价)两部分。结果 试验组定位的准确性高于对照组,两组肿瘤中心位置差分别为(4.3±1.2)mm和(10.5±3.8)mm,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.009);相对于对照组,试验组学员对肿瘤定位的信心更强,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.004)。结论 3D打印导板技术用于年轻医师肿瘤定位教学培训中,极大地提高了学员定位的准确性和自信心,减少了在实际手术中不必要的创伤。

2014-2016年北半球日侧极盖区的场向Poynting通量数据集

电磁能在极区高层大气中的传输以及时空分布是当前的热点问题,也是研究极区高层大气环境和空间天气预报模式的重要课题。通常采用低高度极轨卫星的观测数据来估算电磁能的幅度和方向。不断积累电磁能数据,将有利于支撑我国极区电磁能的传输和变化特性研究。本文以北半球2014–2016年DMSP F17卫星的等离子体速度和磁场探测数据为基础,估算出日侧极盖区场向Poynting通量、水平对流电场和磁场扰动的分布数据。本数据所用的初始DMSP F17卫星数据质量高,估算过程严谨合理,数据记录完整,可为极区电离层/热层的能量传输和耗散研究提供重要的数据支持。

思想政治理论课如何讲好中国故事

思想政治理论课是落实立德树人的关键课程,要坚持灌输性和启发性相统一,就需要教师会讲故事,讲好故事。通过讲好故事的方式来讲清马克思主义道理、坚守马克思主义的信仰,不仅有利于提升思想政治理论课的亲和力和针对性,也能够帮助学生更好地领悟其思想性和理论性,引导学生自觉做中国特色社会主义的合格建设者和可靠接班人。

极区电离层在磁坐标系下的世界时变化特征研究

利用太阳活动低年2007—2010共计4年的COSMIC(Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate satellite)掩星观测数据,在修正地磁纬度-磁地方时标系下(地磁坐标系),计算了极区电离层平均电子含量(mPEC)表征极区电离层的世界时(UT)变化特征。结果表明地磁坐标系下南北极区电离层UT变化特征明显,主要是由于极区的太阳光致电离区域随UT变化所致。以mPEC表征的极区电离层电子密度UT变化规律呈正余弦型,在南北极约有12小时的相位差;南极的UT变化强度要大于北极,约是北极的2~3倍,这些特征主要归因于地理轴与地磁轴的夹角在南极大于北极。通过与地理纬度-地方时坐标系下mPEC的UT变化特征对比,发现地磁坐标系下的UT变化强度更大,原因是地磁坐标系下极区电离层的UT变化是太阳光致电离叠加水平输运调制共同作用的结果,而地理坐标系下极区电离层UT变化主要由水平输运产生。

对流输运在TOI断裂形成等离子体云块中的作用研究

极盖等离子体云块是极区电离层常见特征之一,其形成演化过程是当前重要研究课题.光电离高密度等离子体在对流输送作用下从日侧穿过极隙,通过极盖到达夜侧,已成为共识.日侧磁场重联作用下的极区对流输运过程,在舌状等离子体结构(TOI)“断裂”形成极盖等离子体云块中发挥重要作用.利用极区全域GPS/TEC观测数据,结合SuperDARN雷达实测的对流速度,对等离子体云块形成过程进行案例研究,重点分析两种TOI断裂形成等离子体云块的发生机制.研究结果显示,等离子体对流输运过程在TOI断裂形成等离子体云块过程中发挥关键性作用,对流形态或局部对流速度矢量急剧变化都可能导致TOI结构不稳定,使TOI结构断裂形成等离子体云块.

专业型硕士研究生住院医师规范化培训现状探析

目的调查专业型硕士研究生"双轨合一"模式培训的效果,为专业型硕士研究生培训制度的完善提供依据。方法采用回顾性研究,调查分析专业型硕士研究生的结业考核结果,统计30个专业结业考试的人数及考核通过情况,比较各组理论考试和临床实践技能考核结果的差异并探究其原因。结果专业型硕士研究生的结业理论考核通过率高于临床实践技能考核通过率(92.4%vs89.6%),各专业结业理论考核、临床实践技能考核结果差异无统计学意义。此外,在资格审查时,存在学生轮转时间不足,病种、技能操作不能完成大纲要求的现象。结论各专业专业型硕士研究生规范化培训效果趋于同质化,但临床实践技能的培养存在实践不足等问题,专业型硕士研究生培训管理制度有待进一步完善。

Recent progress in Chinese polar upper-atmospheric physics research: review of research advances supported by the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic expeditions

It has been more than 30 years since the first Chinese Antarctic Expedition took place. Polar upper atmospheric observations started at this time. First began at Great Wall Station and then at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica, and later in the Arctic at Yellow River Station, Kjell Henriksen Observatory on Svalbard, and at the China-Iceland Joint Aurora Observatory in Iceland. In this paper, we reviewed the advances in polar upper atmosphere physics （UAP） based on the Chinese national Arctic and Antarctic research over the last five years. These included newly deployed observatories and research instruments in the Arctic and Antarctic; and new research findings, from grotmd-based observations, about polar ionosphere dynamics, aurora and particle precipitation, polar plasma convection, geomagnetic pulsations and space plasma waves, space weather in the polar regions, simulations of the polar ionosphere-magnetosphere. In conclusion, suggestions were made for future polar upper atmosphere physics research in China.

中国第34次南极科学考察简报

中国第34次南极科学考察始于2017年11月8日,至2018年4月21日结束,历时165天。本次考察由257名队员组成,包括来自美国、加拿大、新西兰、俄罗斯、泰国的12名队员,其中科考人员114名。本次考察的航行及调查航行日程如下:2017年11月8日—2018年11月26日,从上海至基督城;2017年11月26日—2017年11月28日,靠港在基督城;2017年11月28日—2017年12月9日,从基督城至罗斯海;2017年12月9日.2017年12月14日,在罗斯海作业;2017年12月14日_-2017年12月29日,从罗斯海至中山站:2017年12月29日_2018年1月10日,在中山站作业;2018年1月10日_2018年1月15日,从中山站至普里兹湾作业;2018年1月15日—2018年1月17日,从普里兹湾至戴维斯海;2018年1月17日—2018年1月22日,在戴维斯海作业;2018年1月22日—2018年2月2日,从戴维斯海至罗斯海;2018年2月2日—’2018年2月12日,在罗斯海作业;2018年2月12日—2018年2月21日,从罗斯海至基督城;2018年2月21日—2018年2月23日,靠港在基督城;2018年2月23日.2018年3月2日,从基督城至阿蒙森海;2018年3月2日—2018年3月23日,在阿蒙森海作业;2018年3月23日—2018年4月21日,阿蒙森海至上海。

Statistical characteristics of ionospheric backscatter observed by SuperDARN Zhongshan radar in Antarctica

Zhongshan HF radar, as one component of SuperDARN, has been established and in operation since April, 2010. Using data from the first two years of its operation, this paper investigates the radar＇s performance, the diurnal and seasonal variations o1 ionospheric echoes, and their dependence on geomagnetic activity. Statistical studies show that the occurrence of echoes in different beams varies at different frequencies, which arises from the direction of the beam and the area over which the beam can achieve the orthogonality condition between the wave vector and the Earth＇s magnetic field. The diurnal variation is obvious with double peak structures both in the occurrence rate and average power at 04-08 UT and 16-17 UT. The line-of-sight velocities are mainly positive on the dayside and negative on the nightside for Beam 0, which is the opposite of the trend for Beam 15. The spec- tral widths on the dayside are often higher than those on the nightside owing to the high energy particle precipitation in the cusp region. The seasonal variations are more obvious for those beams with larger numbers. The occurrence, the average power, the line-of-sight velocity, and the spectral widths are generally larger in the winter months than in the summer months. The influence of geomagnetic activity on radar echoes is significant. The peak echo occurrence appears on the dayside during geomagnetically quiet times, and shifts toward the nightside and exhibits an obvious decrease with increasing Kp. With increasing geomagnetic activity, the line-of-sight velocities increase, whereas the spectral widths decrease. The frequency dependence is investigated and it is found that in the operating frequency bands in 2010, 9-10 MHz is the most appropriate band for the SuperDARN Zhongshan radar.

Chinese Antarctic Magnetometer Chain at the Cusp Latitude

A Chinese Antarctic Magnetometer （CAM） chain from Zhongshan Station （ZHS） to Dome-A （DMA） has been established since February 2009. A regular magnetometer is operated at ZHS, and four low power magnetometers are operated along the interior route from ZHS to DMA in the cusp latitude, extending over a distance of 1260 km. These stations fill an important void in the Antarctic magnetometer network. Furthermore, the CAM chain is magnetically conjugated with the Arctic region reaching from the Svalbard archipelago to Daneborg, on the east coast of Greenland. Conjugate measurements using the Arctic and Antarctic magnetometers provide excellent opportunities to investigate phenomena related to the coupling of the solar wind to the magnetosphere and ionosphere, such as magnetic impulse events, flux transfer events, traveling convection vortices and ultra-low frequency waves.

Simultaneous optical and radar observations of poleward moving auroral forms under different IMF conditions

Using high temporal resolution optical data obtained from three-wavelength all-sky imagers at Chinese Yellow River Station in the Arctic, together with the EISCAT Svalbard radar （ESR） and SuperDARN radars, we investigated the dayside pole- ward moving auroral forms （PMAFs） and the associated plasma features in the polar ionosphere under difibrent interplanetary magnetic field （1MF） conditions, between 0900 and 1010 UT on 22 December 2003. Simultaneous optical and ESR observations revealed that all PMAFs were clearly associated with pulsed particle precipitations. During northward IMF, particles can precipi- tate into lower altitudes and reach the ionospheric E-region, and there is a reverse convection cell associated with these PMAFs. This cell is one of the typical signatures of the dayside high-latitude （lobe） reconnection in the polar ionosphere. These results indicate that the PMAFs were associated with the high-latitude reconnection. During southward IMF, the PMAFs show larger lati- tudinal motion, indicating a longer mean lifetime, and the associated ionospheric features indicate that the PMAFs were generated by the dayside low-latitude reconnection.

智能传播的潜在风险及其管控——基于环境灾难预防和救援视角

灾害事件长期存在于人类社会。我们必须正视智能科技对灾害预防和救援的积极作用,利用议程设置为主的绿色智能传播手段,全社会共建,以健康、绿色的方式传播防治知识,增强人民的防灾知识和防灾理念。

A conjugate study of the polar ionospheric F2-layer and IRI-2007 at 75 ° magnetic latitude for solar minimum

Long-duration conjugate observations by the EISCAT Svalbard Radar （ESR） and the ionosonde at Zhongshan station from the International Polar Year （IPY） during solar minimum conditions are analyzed, with respect to variability in the F2-1ayer peak parameters. A comparison between International Reference Ionosphere- 2007 （IRI-2007） and observation data clearly demonstrates good agreement in summer, but greater deviations in winter. The IRI model reproduces the F2 peak parameters dominated by solar photoionization reasonably well, but it does not address the effect of electron precipitation. Hence, the discrepancies become large in the winter auroral ionosphere.

城市古树名木保护的隐显叠加策略--以南京市为例

目前,我国的城市生态文明建设存在盲区。树木生长的首要条件是自然环境适宜,保护城市古树最大的难题是协调城市的人文环境与自然环境。“隐”是在城市建筑群落中为树木营建仿自然的空间,“显”是利用多种信息传播手段为树木创建适宜生长的软环境。“隐”与“显”失当会形成城市里无人问津的“野树”,也会形成呵护过分的“盆栽”,“隐”与“显”并行才能造就人化自然。

Application of autocorrelation method on ionospheric short--term forecasting in China

Adopting the autocorrelation method in the ionospheric short-term forecasting, we put for- ward a simple and practical forecasting method― the sectional autocorrelation method, that is, for pre- dictions of one hour to four hours ahead the auto- correlation coefficient of RDF with the “iteration” method is selected, for prediction of more than four hours ahead, the autocorrelation coefficient of f0F2 with the “at once” method is used. The prediction precisions have been quantitatively estimated based on the data from Chongqing and Guangzhou Ionos- onde Stations. It is shown that the method is much improved for the predictions of one hour to four hours ahead. For the predictions of more than four hours ahead the prediction error reaches a saturation value, which is still lower than that of the “median” method. This new method could also be applied to the short-term forecasting of other ionospheric parame- ters.

Averaged NmF2 of cusp-latitude ionosphere in northern hemisphere for solar minimum—Comparison between modeling and ESR during IPY

Based on the ionosphere observation data obtained by EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) in solar minimum year-2007, we analyzed diurnal variations of F2-peak electron density (NmF2) in four seasons under disturbed and quiet geomagnetic conditions. It indicated that the soft precipitation electron had an evident effect on the NmF2 increase at magnetic noon in spring, summer and autumn and the electron precipitation effects were prominent in winter. The comparison between the IRI-2007 model and the observation exhibited that the IRI (International Reference Ionosphere) model had a better NmF2 prediction when the photoionization was dominant during the polar day, but worse when the electron precipitation was dominant during the polar night. We showed that the electrons in lower energy band decreased when the geomagnetic disturbance went greater, which resulted in the lower NmF2. By analyzing the spectrum of precipitation electron under different geomagnetic conditions, it was found that this phenomenon was induced by the energy flux enhancement of precipitation electron of low energy.

SuperDARN CUTLASS Finland radar observations of high-latitude magnetic reconnections under northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions

A number of backscatter power enhancement events with "equatorward-moving radar auroral forms" in the high-latitude ionosphere were observed by SuperDARN CUTLASS Finland radar when the IMF was northward during 09:00 -10:00 UT on 26 March 2004. These events were also associated with sunward flow enhancements at each location in the Northern Hemisphere which were shown in ionospheric convections measured by the SuperDARN radars. These are typical features of high-latitude (lobe) magnetic reconnections. The durations of the velocity enhancements imply that the evolution time of the lobe reconnections is about 8-16 min from their origin at the reconnection site to their addition to the magnetotail lobe again. In additional, the Double Star TC-1 spacecraft was moving from magnetosheath into magnetosphere, and crossing the magnetopause near the subsolar region during this interval, and observed typical low-latitude magnetic reconnection signatures. This infers that the dayside high- and low-latitude reconnections may occur simultaneously.