小型喷雾冷却系统单相区传热特性的数值模拟

针对某小型喷雾冷却系统开发的需要,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法建立喷雾冷却系统数理模型,在对传热过程进行单因素分析的基础上,采用正交试验模拟方法进行系统的多参数优化。结果表明:当热流密度一定时,系统传热性能随喷雾体积流量增大、喷雾高度和工质温度降低而增强;主要操作参数对传热性能影响的显著程度排序为:热流密度>工质温度>喷雾体积流量>喷雾高度;根据冷却装置设计要求,模拟获得冷却系统的最优操作参数为:喷雾体积流量19.80 L·h^(-1)、喷雾高度6 mm、工质温度10℃、热流密度30 W×cm-2。建立的模型对于喷雾冷却单相区的模拟有良好的推广应用价值,可为小型喷雾冷却系统的设计提供指导。

基于规则的建模方法的可解释性及其发展

建模方法的可解释性指其以可理解的方式表达实际系统行为的能力.随着实践中对可靠性需求的不断提高,建立出可靠且可解释的模型以增强人对实际系统的认知成为了建模的重要目标.基于规则的建模方法可更直观地描述系统机理,并能有效融合定量信息和定性知识实现不确定信息的灵活处理,具有较强的建模性能.本文从基于规则的建模方法出发,围绕知识库、推理机和模型优化梳理了其在可解释性方面的研究,最后进行了简要的评述和展望.

Exploitation of groundwater resources and protection of wetland in the Yuqia Basin

In Yuqia Basin, the climate is arid and the ecologic environment is fragile, and shortage of water resources has seriously restricted the sustainable development of local economy. In order to meet the needs of industrial and domestic water in the Yuqia Basin, numerical simulation was used to evaluate the groundwater resources and potential for exploitation. The results showed that the mathematical model and calculation parameters used were mainly in accordance with practical situation. The calculated value of the underground water level is consistent with measured value during the period of identification and validation. The total recharge of groundwater resources was 22.02×10~4 m^3/d, and the total drainage was 21.95×10~4 m^3/d at present. The Yuqia River leakage is the main supply source of groundwater. There is no significant effect on area of wetland when water source place exploited by 2.5×10~4 m^3/d at alluvial-diluvial fan of Yuqia River. After long-term exploitation, the spring flow reduces from 1.42×10~4 m^3/d to 1.01×10~4 m^3/d and wetland area reduces by 32.7% of original area. The calculation of water balance shows that it is safe to the Yuqia Basin, Da Qiadam Lake, the Mahai Basin at downstream of Yuqia River and wetland under the condition of water source place exploited by 2.5×10~4 m^3/d.

Processes of hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in the Guanzhong Basin, China

This paper analyzed regional hydrogeochemical evolution characteristics of groundwater with respect to hydrogeological conditions in the Guanzhong Basin, China. Coefficient variation in the subregion between the Shichuan River and Luo River of the Guanzhong Basin is larger than other subregions, reflecting the more complicated hydrogeological conditions of this subregion. The hydrochemical components and hydrodynamic conditions of this area have distinct horizontal zoning characteristics, and hydrodynamic conditions play a controlling role in the groundwater’s hydrochemistry. The relationship between ions, and between ions and TDS（total dissolved solids） can give an indication of many charteristics of grounwater such as evaporation intensity, ion exchange, and the sources of chemical components. Results indicated that for the coefficient of variation（the coefficient of variation is a statistical measure of the distribution or dispersion of data around mean. This measure is used to analyze the difference of spread in the data relative to the mean value. Coefficient of variation is derived by dividing the standard deviation by the mean）, the minimum value of pH parameters is 0.03-0.07, the minimum value of HCO3-parameters is 0.24, while the maximum is the SO42-coefficinet at 1.67. A PHREEQC simulation demonstrated that different simulation paths roughly have the same trend in dissolution and precipitation of minerals. Along the direction of groundwater flow, the predminant precipitation is of calcite and gypsum and the cation exchange of Na+ and Ca2+ in some paths. However, in other paths, the precipitation of calcite and dissolution of gypsum and dolomite are the main actions, as well as the exchange of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in addition to Na+ and Ca2+.

Numerical simulation and environmental impact prediction of karst groundwater in Sangu Spring Basin,China

The changes of development and utilization of karst groundwater in Sangu Spring Basin have made the original groundwater resource evaluation unable to meet the needs of future economic development.Based on analysis of existing data,combined with the characteristics of supplement,runoff and draining of regional karst groundwater,the Visual Modelflow software was used to build a numerical simulation model of Sangu spring Basin.The amount of karst groundwater resource and groundwater environment of the Basin were evaluated under different exploitation schemes,and the changes of karst groundwater environment in the future ten years were also predicted.The fitting error which is less than 0.5 m between the calculated value and measured value of the water level in the fitted borehole accounts for 93%.For the lithologically and structurally complex Sangu Spring Basin,the fitting effect of numerical simulation model was ideal.On the basis of the current mining amount of 111.80 million m3/a,the total redistributed exploited amount in the spring region was 61.79 million m3/a.Under the condition that the quantity of recoverable resources reached 173.59 million m3/a and under different precipitation schemes,all constraint conditions were satisfied,such as regional water level drawdown,maximum allowable water level drawdown in every simulated water source area and the flow rate of Guobi Spring.The results will provide a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of karst groundwater in Sangu Spring Basin.

海水中溶解氨基酸分析技术的研究进展

随着对海洋中有机氮生物地球化学循环过程认识的逐步深入,氨基酸作为海洋有机氮库中最易被生物利用的组分之一愈加受到重视。关于海洋中氨基酸含量组成和生物可利用性的相关研究对认识海洋中有机氮的迁移和转化具有重要意义。本文详细阐述了海洋领域分光法和荧光法等溶解氨基酸测定方法及离子色谱和液相色谱等色谱分离方法的发展历程,并对应用最普遍的柱前衍生-反相液相色谱-荧光检测法等技术进行了更为详细的评述,列举了质谱技术、单体同位素分析技术和毛细管电泳等最新发展的技术方法,最后对其在海洋学中的应用进行展望。