Variants in chicken growth hormone receptor （GHR） gene lead to sex-linked dwarf （SLD） chickens, but effects of different variants are distinct. In this study, 11 SLD chicken breeds or strains including 3 Chinese n...Variants in chicken growth hormone receptor （GHR） gene lead to sex-linked dwarf （SLD） chickens, but effects of different variants are distinct. In this study, 11 SLD chicken breeds or strains including 3 Chinese native breeds and 8 breeding strains were studied in order to investigate the effects of different sex-linked dwarf variations on growth performance. The results showed that there were three reasons which could lead to dwarfism in the 11 breeds or strains. Firstly, an about 1.7 kb deletion of growth hormone receptor （GHR） gene leads to dwarfism in Jiangxi dwarf chicken, strains GF24, GF26, N308, N309, and N310. Secondly, a T354C mutation in exon 5 of the GHR gene leads to dwarfism in strains N301 and N305. Thirdly, an unknown variant leads to dwarfism in Guizhou Yellow Dwarf chicken and Yixing Bantam chicken. In addition, all individuals of N303 had the 1.7 kb deletion of the GHR gene, and additionally, some of them also carried the T354C mutation. As far as the performance of individuals were compared among T354C homozygote, deletion homozygote, and heterozygote carrying both T354C and deletion, it was found that the T354C＇s impacts on body weight of Chinese chickens were maximum, the body weight of chickens with homozygote T354C was 92.12% of those with heterozygote, and the difference of the body weight between deletion homozygote and heterozygote was not significant. There was no significant difference of shank length among three genotypes.展开更多
Marker assisted selection （MAS） for residual feed intake （RFI） is considered to be one of the powerful means to improve feed conversion efficiency, and therefore reduce production costs. To test the inner relation...Marker assisted selection （MAS） for residual feed intake （RFI） is considered to be one of the powerful means to improve feed conversion efficiency, and therefore reduce production costs. To test the inner relationship among body compositions, growth traits and RFI, four models were proposed to assess the extensively explanatory variables accounting for partial variables in feed intake besides metabolic body weight and growth rate. As a result, the original model （Koch＇s model） had the lowest R2 （80.78%） and the highest Bayesian information criterion （1 323.3） value among the four models. Moreover, the effects on RFI caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） were assessed in this study. Twelve SNPs from 7 candidate genes were genotyped in 2 Chinese native strains, rs14743490 of RPLP2 gene showed suggestively significant association with initial body weight in both strains （P〈0.10）. rs15047274 of TAF15 was significantly associated with growth weight, final weight, and feed intake （P〈0.05） in N301 strain, in contrast, it was only suggestively significant associated with feed intake （P〈0.10） in N414 strain, rs15869967 was significantly associated with RFI in N414 strain but not in N301 strain. This study has identified potential genetic markers suitable for MAS in improving the above mentioned traits, but these associations need to be rectified in other larger populations in future.展开更多
Heat stress is one of the main factors that inlfuence poultry production. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are known to affect heat tolerance. The formation of HSPs is regulated by heat shock transcription factor 3 (HSF3) i...Heat stress is one of the main factors that inlfuence poultry production. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are known to affect heat tolerance. The formation of HSPs is regulated by heat shock transcription factor 3 (HSF3) in chicken. A DNA pool was established for identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the chicken HSF3, and 13 SNPs were detected. The bioinformatic analysis showed that 8 SNPs had the capacity to alter the transcription activity of HSF3. The dual luciferase report gene assay showed that there was a signiifcant difference (P<0.01) in the Firelfy luciferase/Renil a luciferase ratio (F/R) of C.–1 703 A>G (S1) and C.–1 388 A>G (S4) sites at the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of chicken HSF3. The elec-trophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the S4 site was a transcription binding factor. The analysis of the association of the S1 and S4 sites with heat tolerance index revealed that the S4 site was signiifcantly correlated with the CD3+T cel , corticosterone, and T3 levels in Lingshan chickens and with the heterophil/lymphocyte value in White Recessive Rock. These results showed that the S4 site at the 5′ UTR of chicken HSF3 might have an impact on heat tolerance in summer and could be used as a potential marker for the selection of chicken with heat tolerance in the future.展开更多
High-throughput sequencing has identified a large number of sense-antisense transcriptional pairs, which indicates that these genes were transcribed from both directions. Recent reports have demonstrated that many ant...High-throughput sequencing has identified a large number of sense-antisense transcriptional pairs, which indicates that these genes were transcribed from both directions. Recent reports have demonstrated that many antisense RNAs, especially lnc RNA（long non-coding RNA）, can interact with the sense RNA by forming an RNA duplex. Many methods, such as RNA-sequencing, Northern blotting, RNase protection assays and strand-specific PCR, can be used to detect the antisense transcript and gene transcriptional orientation. However, the applications of these methods have been constrained, to some extent, because of the high cost, difficult operation or inaccuracy, especially regarding the analysis of substantial amounts of data. Thus, we developed an easy method to detect and validate these complicated RNAs. We primarily took advantage of the strand specificity of RT-PCR and the single-strand specificity of S1 endonuclease to analyze sense and antisense transcripts. Four known genes, including mouse β-actin and Tsix（Xist antisense RNA）, chicken LXN（latexin） and GFM1（Gelongation factor, mitochondrial 1）, were used to establish the method. These four genes were well studied and transcribed from positive strand, negative strand or both strands of DNA, respectively, which represented all possible cases. The results indicated that the method can easily distinguish sense, antisense and sense-antisense transcriptional pairs. In addition, it can be used to verify the results of high-throughput sequencing, as well as to analyze the regulatory mechanisms between RNAs. This method can improve the accuracy of detection and can be mainly used in analyzing single gene and was low cost.展开更多
supported by the Earmarked Fund for the Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System, China （CARS-41）;the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （2011AA100301）
Organoboryl germanium(Ⅱ)oxides were synthesized from the 1,4-addition reaction of L′Ge(L′=HC[C(CH2)N(Ar)]C(Me)N(Ar),Ar=2,6-iPr2C6H3)with selected monosubstituted arylboronic acids RB(OH)2(R=2,6-Me2C6H3,2,4,6-Me3C6H...Organoboryl germanium(Ⅱ)oxides were synthesized from the 1,4-addition reaction of L′Ge(L′=HC[C(CH2)N(Ar)]C(Me)N(Ar),Ar=2,6-iPr2C6H3)with selected monosubstituted arylboronic acids RB(OH)2(R=2,6-Me2C6H3,2,4,6-Me3C6H2,1-Naph)at the molar ratios of 1:1 and 2:1.The mononuclear products RB(OH)OGeL(L=CH[C(Me)N(Ar)]2,Ar=2,6-iPr2C6H3;R=2,6-Me2C6H3(1),2,4,6-Me3C6H2(2),1-Naph(3))containing the Ge–O–B core were obtained smoothly through the 1:1 reaction.However,the reaction of L′Ge with 2,6-Me2C6H3B(OH)2 in a 2:1 ratio gave only the mononuclear product(1)instead of the expected binuclear one.What’s more,a new borate compound[(2,6-Me2C6H3)4B5O6]-[H:C]+(4)(:C=C[N(iPr)C(Me)]2)was concomitantly formed when the in situ prepared L′Ge was used as the precursor.In contrast,the use of 2,4,6-Me3C6H2B(OH)2 or 1-NaphB(OH)2 as the organoboryl source in the similar reaction led to the formation and isolation of the binuclear products RB(OGeL)2(R=2,4,6-Me3C6H2(5),1-Naph(6))containing the Ge–O–B–O–Ge core in a straight way.Compounds 1~6 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.展开更多
基金projects under the Major State Basic Research Development Program China(2006CB102107)the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System (nycytx-42-G1-04)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program,2010AA10A102)
文摘Variants in chicken growth hormone receptor （GHR） gene lead to sex-linked dwarf （SLD） chickens, but effects of different variants are distinct. In this study, 11 SLD chicken breeds or strains including 3 Chinese native breeds and 8 breeding strains were studied in order to investigate the effects of different sex-linked dwarf variations on growth performance. The results showed that there were three reasons which could lead to dwarfism in the 11 breeds or strains. Firstly, an about 1.7 kb deletion of growth hormone receptor （GHR） gene leads to dwarfism in Jiangxi dwarf chicken, strains GF24, GF26, N308, N309, and N310. Secondly, a T354C mutation in exon 5 of the GHR gene leads to dwarfism in strains N301 and N305. Thirdly, an unknown variant leads to dwarfism in Guizhou Yellow Dwarf chicken and Yixing Bantam chicken. In addition, all individuals of N303 had the 1.7 kb deletion of the GHR gene, and additionally, some of them also carried the T354C mutation. As far as the performance of individuals were compared among T354C homozygote, deletion homozygote, and heterozygote carrying both T354C and deletion, it was found that the T354C＇s impacts on body weight of Chinese chickens were maximum, the body weight of chickens with homozygote T354C was 92.12% of those with heterozygote, and the difference of the body weight between deletion homozygote and heterozygote was not significant. There was no significant difference of shank length among three genotypes.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-42-G05,CARS-42-Z17)the High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2013AA102501)
文摘Marker assisted selection （MAS） for residual feed intake （RFI） is considered to be one of the powerful means to improve feed conversion efficiency, and therefore reduce production costs. To test the inner relationship among body compositions, growth traits and RFI, four models were proposed to assess the extensively explanatory variables accounting for partial variables in feed intake besides metabolic body weight and growth rate. As a result, the original model （Koch＇s model） had the lowest R2 （80.78%） and the highest Bayesian information criterion （1 323.3） value among the four models. Moreover, the effects on RFI caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） were assessed in this study. Twelve SNPs from 7 candidate genes were genotyped in 2 Chinese native strains, rs14743490 of RPLP2 gene showed suggestively significant association with initial body weight in both strains （P〈0.10）. rs15047274 of TAF15 was significantly associated with growth weight, final weight, and feed intake （P〈0.05） in N301 strain, in contrast, it was only suggestively significant associated with feed intake （P〈0.10） in N414 strain, rs15869967 was significantly associated with RFI in N414 strain but not in N301 strain. This study has identified potential genetic markers suitable for MAS in improving the above mentioned traits, but these associations need to be rectified in other larger populations in future.
基金supported the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2014BAD08B08)the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Guangdong Emerging Strategic Industries, China (2012A020800005)
文摘Heat stress is one of the main factors that inlfuence poultry production. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are known to affect heat tolerance. The formation of HSPs is regulated by heat shock transcription factor 3 (HSF3) in chicken. A DNA pool was established for identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the chicken HSF3, and 13 SNPs were detected. The bioinformatic analysis showed that 8 SNPs had the capacity to alter the transcription activity of HSF3. The dual luciferase report gene assay showed that there was a signiifcant difference (P<0.01) in the Firelfy luciferase/Renil a luciferase ratio (F/R) of C.–1 703 A>G (S1) and C.–1 388 A>G (S4) sites at the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of chicken HSF3. The elec-trophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the S4 site was a transcription binding factor. The analysis of the association of the S1 and S4 sites with heat tolerance index revealed that the S4 site was signiifcantly correlated with the CD3+T cel , corticosterone, and T3 levels in Lingshan chickens and with the heterophil/lymphocyte value in White Recessive Rock. These results showed that the S4 site at the 5′ UTR of chicken HSF3 might have an impact on heat tolerance in summer and could be used as a potential marker for the selection of chicken with heat tolerance in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31301958)the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2013T60808)
文摘High-throughput sequencing has identified a large number of sense-antisense transcriptional pairs, which indicates that these genes were transcribed from both directions. Recent reports have demonstrated that many antisense RNAs, especially lnc RNA（long non-coding RNA）, can interact with the sense RNA by forming an RNA duplex. Many methods, such as RNA-sequencing, Northern blotting, RNase protection assays and strand-specific PCR, can be used to detect the antisense transcript and gene transcriptional orientation. However, the applications of these methods have been constrained, to some extent, because of the high cost, difficult operation or inaccuracy, especially regarding the analysis of substantial amounts of data. Thus, we developed an easy method to detect and validate these complicated RNAs. We primarily took advantage of the strand specificity of RT-PCR and the single-strand specificity of S1 endonuclease to analyze sense and antisense transcripts. Four known genes, including mouse β-actin and Tsix（Xist antisense RNA）, chicken LXN（latexin） and GFM1（Gelongation factor, mitochondrial 1）, were used to establish the method. These four genes were well studied and transcribed from positive strand, negative strand or both strands of DNA, respectively, which represented all possible cases. The results indicated that the method can easily distinguish sense, antisense and sense-antisense transcriptional pairs. In addition, it can be used to verify the results of high-throughput sequencing, as well as to analyze the regulatory mechanisms between RNAs. This method can improve the accuracy of detection and can be mainly used in analyzing single gene and was low cost.
基金supported by the Earmarked Fund for the Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System, China (CARS-41)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2011AA100301)
文摘supported by the Earmarked Fund for the Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System, China （CARS-41）;the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （2011AA100301）
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21771194)。
文摘Organoboryl germanium(Ⅱ)oxides were synthesized from the 1,4-addition reaction of L′Ge(L′=HC[C(CH2)N(Ar)]C(Me)N(Ar),Ar=2,6-iPr2C6H3)with selected monosubstituted arylboronic acids RB(OH)2(R=2,6-Me2C6H3,2,4,6-Me3C6H2,1-Naph)at the molar ratios of 1:1 and 2:1.The mononuclear products RB(OH)OGeL(L=CH[C(Me)N(Ar)]2,Ar=2,6-iPr2C6H3;R=2,6-Me2C6H3(1),2,4,6-Me3C6H2(2),1-Naph(3))containing the Ge–O–B core were obtained smoothly through the 1:1 reaction.However,the reaction of L′Ge with 2,6-Me2C6H3B(OH)2 in a 2:1 ratio gave only the mononuclear product(1)instead of the expected binuclear one.What’s more,a new borate compound[(2,6-Me2C6H3)4B5O6]-[H:C]+(4)(:C=C[N(iPr)C(Me)]2)was concomitantly formed when the in situ prepared L′Ge was used as the precursor.In contrast,the use of 2,4,6-Me3C6H2B(OH)2 or 1-NaphB(OH)2 as the organoboryl source in the similar reaction led to the formation and isolation of the binuclear products RB(OGeL)2(R=2,4,6-Me3C6H2(5),1-Naph(6))containing the Ge–O–B–O–Ge core in a straight way.Compounds 1~6 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
