Rock has mechanical characteristics and a fracture damage mechanism that are closely related to its loading history and loading path. The mechanical properties, fracture damage features, acoustic emission(AE) characte...Rock has mechanical characteristics and a fracture damage mechanism that are closely related to its loading history and loading path. The mechanical properties, fracture damage features, acoustic emission(AE) characteristics, and strain energy evolution of the Beishan shallow-layer granite used in triaxial unloading tests were investigated in this study. Three groups of triaxial tests, namely, conventional triaxial compression test(Group Ⅰ), maintaining deviatoric stress synchronously unloading confining pressure test(Group Ⅱ), and loading axial pressure synchronously unloading confining pressure test(Group Ⅲ), were carried out for the cylindrical granite specimens. AE monitoring device was utilized in these tests to determine the degree to which the AE waves and AE events reflected the degree of rock damage. In addition, the crack stress thresholds of the specimens were determined by volumetric strain method and AE parameter method, and strain energy evolution of the rock was explored in different damage stages. The results show that the shallow-layer granite experiences brittle failure during the triaxial loading test and unloading test, and the rock has a greater damage degree during the unloading test. The crack stress thresholds of these samples vary greatly between tests, but the threshold ratios of all samples are similar in the same crack damage stage. The Mogi-Coulomb strength criterion can better describe the unloading failure strength of the rock. The evolution of the AE parameter characteristics and strain energy differs between the specimens used in different stress path tests. The dissipative strain energy is the largest in Group Ⅱ and the smallest in Group Ⅰ.展开更多
为了保持南美白对虾的品质,研究采用静止空气冻结(static air freezing, SAF)、液体浸渍冻结(immersion chilling and freezing, ICF)、真空包装联用静止空气冻结和真空包装联用液体浸渍冻结4种不同的冻结方式分别处理新鲜的南美白对虾...为了保持南美白对虾的品质,研究采用静止空气冻结(static air freezing, SAF)、液体浸渍冻结(immersion chilling and freezing, ICF)、真空包装联用静止空气冻结和真空包装联用液体浸渍冻结4种不同的冻结方式分别处理新鲜的南美白对虾,并以理化指标、冻结速率和扫描电镜为评价指标,研究不同冻结方式对南美白对虾品质的影响。结果表明:不同冻结方式处理后的南美白对虾冻结速率由快到慢依次为单一浸渍冻结>真空包装联用液体浸渍冻结>单一空气冻结>真空包装联用空气冻结;4种冻结方式处理的南美白对虾酸碱度(pH值)、肌肉组织恢复性及弹性、多酚氧化酶活性(PPO)、盐溶性蛋白含量均低于新鲜的南美白对虾,其中,真空包装联用液体浸渍冻结组的pH、肌肉组织恢复性及弹性、PPO、盐溶性蛋白含量降低最慢;微观扫描电镜观察真空包装联用液体浸渍冻结组对南美白对虾肌肉纤维的损伤最小。真空包装联用浸渍冻结技术更有利于南美白对虾冻结品质的保持。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52278420)the China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) for China’s URL Development Program and the Geological Disposal Program。
文摘Rock has mechanical characteristics and a fracture damage mechanism that are closely related to its loading history and loading path. The mechanical properties, fracture damage features, acoustic emission(AE) characteristics, and strain energy evolution of the Beishan shallow-layer granite used in triaxial unloading tests were investigated in this study. Three groups of triaxial tests, namely, conventional triaxial compression test(Group Ⅰ), maintaining deviatoric stress synchronously unloading confining pressure test(Group Ⅱ), and loading axial pressure synchronously unloading confining pressure test(Group Ⅲ), were carried out for the cylindrical granite specimens. AE monitoring device was utilized in these tests to determine the degree to which the AE waves and AE events reflected the degree of rock damage. In addition, the crack stress thresholds of the specimens were determined by volumetric strain method and AE parameter method, and strain energy evolution of the rock was explored in different damage stages. The results show that the shallow-layer granite experiences brittle failure during the triaxial loading test and unloading test, and the rock has a greater damage degree during the unloading test. The crack stress thresholds of these samples vary greatly between tests, but the threshold ratios of all samples are similar in the same crack damage stage. The Mogi-Coulomb strength criterion can better describe the unloading failure strength of the rock. The evolution of the AE parameter characteristics and strain energy differs between the specimens used in different stress path tests. The dissipative strain energy is the largest in Group Ⅱ and the smallest in Group Ⅰ.
文摘为了保持南美白对虾的品质,研究采用静止空气冻结(static air freezing, SAF)、液体浸渍冻结(immersion chilling and freezing, ICF)、真空包装联用静止空气冻结和真空包装联用液体浸渍冻结4种不同的冻结方式分别处理新鲜的南美白对虾,并以理化指标、冻结速率和扫描电镜为评价指标,研究不同冻结方式对南美白对虾品质的影响。结果表明:不同冻结方式处理后的南美白对虾冻结速率由快到慢依次为单一浸渍冻结>真空包装联用液体浸渍冻结>单一空气冻结>真空包装联用空气冻结;4种冻结方式处理的南美白对虾酸碱度(pH值)、肌肉组织恢复性及弹性、多酚氧化酶活性(PPO)、盐溶性蛋白含量均低于新鲜的南美白对虾,其中,真空包装联用液体浸渍冻结组的pH、肌肉组织恢复性及弹性、PPO、盐溶性蛋白含量降低最慢;微观扫描电镜观察真空包装联用液体浸渍冻结组对南美白对虾肌肉纤维的损伤最小。真空包装联用浸渍冻结技术更有利于南美白对虾冻结品质的保持。
