Common prestack fracture prediction methods cannot clearly distinguish multiplescale fractures. In this study, we propose a prediction method for macro- and mesoscale fractures based on fracture density distribution i...Common prestack fracture prediction methods cannot clearly distinguish multiplescale fractures. In this study, we propose a prediction method for macro- and mesoscale fractures based on fracture density distribution in reservoirs. First, we detect the macroscale fractures （larger than 1/4 wavelength） using the multidirectional coherence technique that is based on the curvelet transform and the mesoscale fractures （1/4-1/100 wavelength） using the seismic azimuthal anisotropy technique and prestack attenuation attributes, e.g., frequency attenuation gradient. Then, we combine the obtained fracture density distributions into a map and evaluate the variably scaled fractures. Application of the method to a seismic physical model of a fractured reservoir shows that the method overcomes the problem of discontinuous fracture density distribution generated by the prestack seismic azimuthal anisotropy method, distinguishes the fracture scales, and identifies the fractured zones accurately.展开更多
Seeds play a central role in the life cycle of plants. Seed hardness in pomegranates is of economic relevance, yet scarcely studied and poorly understood in China. In this study, we compared the proteomic differences ...Seeds play a central role in the life cycle of plants. Seed hardness in pomegranates is of economic relevance, yet scarcely studied and poorly understood in China. In this study, we compared the proteomic differences between Zhongnonghong（soft-seeded） and Sanbai（hard-seeded） pomegranates. A total of 892 protein spots from both varieties were detected on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels（2-DE）; 76 spots showed greater than a 1.5-fold or less than a 0.66-fold difference（P〈0.05） in Zhongnonghong compared to Sanbai, of which 24 exhibited greater than a 2-fold change. Compared with Sanbai, Zhongnonghong possessed 14 up-regulated, and 10 down-regulated proteins. We identified and annotated 5 of these by using MALDI-TOF-TOF MS： pyruvate dehydrogenase（PDH） E1-β family protein（spot 4 609）; alanine aminotransferase 2-like（ALT2L）; mitochondrial glycine decarboxylase complex P-protein（spot 5 803）; phosphofructokinase B（Pfk B）-type family of carbohydrate kinase（spot 8 411）; and putative dna K-type molecular chaperone heat shock cognate protein 70（Hsc70）（spot 9 006）. Of these, 3 proteins（spots 4 609, 5 608, 5 803） were hypothesized to play a role in the formation of seed hardness. The other two proteins（spots 8 411, 9 006） were theorized to play a role in protecting the seeds from adverse stress during periods of fruit maturation. This study sets the foundation for further research on molecular mechanisms related to pomegranate seed hardness.展开更多
基金This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 41474112） and the National Science and Technology Major Project （No. 2017ZX05005-004）.
文摘Common prestack fracture prediction methods cannot clearly distinguish multiplescale fractures. In this study, we propose a prediction method for macro- and mesoscale fractures based on fracture density distribution in reservoirs. First, we detect the macroscale fractures （larger than 1/4 wavelength） using the multidirectional coherence technique that is based on the curvelet transform and the mesoscale fractures （1/4-1/100 wavelength） using the seismic azimuthal anisotropy technique and prestack attenuation attributes, e.g., frequency attenuation gradient. Then, we combine the obtained fracture density distributions into a map and evaluate the variably scaled fractures. Application of the method to a seismic physical model of a fractured reservoir shows that the method overcomes the problem of discontinuous fracture density distribution generated by the prestack seismic azimuthal anisotropy method, distinguishes the fracture scales, and identifies the fractured zones accurately.
基金funded by the Key Project of the National Science and Technology Basic Work of China(2012 FY110100)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2015-ZFRI)
文摘Seeds play a central role in the life cycle of plants. Seed hardness in pomegranates is of economic relevance, yet scarcely studied and poorly understood in China. In this study, we compared the proteomic differences between Zhongnonghong（soft-seeded） and Sanbai（hard-seeded） pomegranates. A total of 892 protein spots from both varieties were detected on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels（2-DE）; 76 spots showed greater than a 1.5-fold or less than a 0.66-fold difference（P〈0.05） in Zhongnonghong compared to Sanbai, of which 24 exhibited greater than a 2-fold change. Compared with Sanbai, Zhongnonghong possessed 14 up-regulated, and 10 down-regulated proteins. We identified and annotated 5 of these by using MALDI-TOF-TOF MS： pyruvate dehydrogenase（PDH） E1-β family protein（spot 4 609）; alanine aminotransferase 2-like（ALT2L）; mitochondrial glycine decarboxylase complex P-protein（spot 5 803）; phosphofructokinase B（Pfk B）-type family of carbohydrate kinase（spot 8 411）; and putative dna K-type molecular chaperone heat shock cognate protein 70（Hsc70）（spot 9 006）. Of these, 3 proteins（spots 4 609, 5 608, 5 803） were hypothesized to play a role in the formation of seed hardness. The other two proteins（spots 8 411, 9 006） were theorized to play a role in protecting the seeds from adverse stress during periods of fruit maturation. This study sets the foundation for further research on molecular mechanisms related to pomegranate seed hardness.
