基于最优组合赋权模糊物元模型的节水灌溉项目综合评价

在总结现有研究与评价方法的基础上,构建了基于最优组合赋权模糊物元模型的节水灌溉项目评价模型。首先,采用G1法和改进熵权法确定指标的主客观权重;然后,运用最小鉴别信息原理进行组合赋权,得到兼顾主客观因素的权重。其次,利用物元可拓法和理想解法求解理想模糊物元和负理想模糊物元,并根据欧式范数计算确定各评价对象的相对关联度。最后,通过在某地区节水灌溉项目投资决策的实例分析,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。

Effects of lignin on nitrification in soil

The effects of two lignins isolated from black liquor from pulping process on nitrification in soils after addition of urea, (NH_4)_2SO_4 and (NH_4)_2HPO_4 were investigated by incubation at 20 or 30℃ for 7 or 14 d. The effects of lignin on nitrous oxide emissions from soil were also determined. Results showed that both lignins were more effective for inhibiting nitrification of NH_4 +-N as (NH_4)_2SO_4 or (NH_4)_2HPO_4 as compared to urea-N. The effectiveness of lignin on nitrification was markedly affected by different soil type and temperature. Nitrous oxide emissions from soil declined when lignin was used. Urea plus 20 and 50 g/kg lignin reduced N_2O emissions by about 83% and 96%, respectively, while (NH_4)_2HPO_4 plus 20 and 50 g/kg lignin respectively reduced emissions by 83% and 93%. Because of its low cost and nonhazardous characteristics, lignin has potential value as a fertilizer amendment to improve N fertilizer efficiency.

基于熵测度的四参数区间数的湖泊水质综合评价

针对湖泊水质影响因素指标值为四参数区间数的不确定性多属性决策问题,提出决策信息为四参数区间数的湖泊水质综合评价的距离熵模型。定义了四参数区间数距离熵测度的算法,利用多指标决策的逼近理想点法,通过计算各方案的正理想解之间的贴近度,根据正理想解之间贴近度的大小对各方案从优到劣进行排序。最后,将建立的距离熵模型应用到湖泊水质的综合评价中,结果体现了决策方法的合理性和可行性。