随着全球化进程的发展,生物入侵的危害日趋严重(Paini et al.,2016)。生物入侵的防控已成为21世纪全球各国政府关注的主要问题和科学研究的热点。中国已成为世界上生物入侵危害最为严重的国家之一(万方浩等,2011)。外来生物入侵已经对...随着全球化进程的发展,生物入侵的危害日趋严重(Paini et al.,2016)。生物入侵的防控已成为21世纪全球各国政府关注的主要问题和科学研究的热点。中国已成为世界上生物入侵危害最为严重的国家之一(万方浩等,2011)。外来生物入侵已经对我国的生态环境和农业生产造成了极大危害,而且还在随着国际交流的发展不断增强(万方浩等,2009)。由于我国地理环境多样,为不同物种的入侵提供了天然生境。因此,我国不同地区存在着不同的入侵物种,这些物种对当地的生态系统造成了极大危害。展开更多
外来入侵植物小子虉草(Phalaris minor Retz.)是世界公认的冬季农田恶性杂草,掌握农作物对其替代控制作用具有重要的研究价值。前期研究表明,油菜是替代控制小子虉草的优良农作物,然而,目前尚不清楚油菜类型与品种对其控制能力的影响。...外来入侵植物小子虉草(Phalaris minor Retz.)是世界公认的冬季农田恶性杂草,掌握农作物对其替代控制作用具有重要的研究价值。前期研究表明,油菜是替代控制小子虉草的优良农作物,然而,目前尚不清楚油菜类型与品种对其控制能力的影响。为此选取与小子虉草同域发生的不同类型(白菜型油菜、芥菜型油菜和甘蓝型油菜)油菜品种各3种,通过田间小区实验和室内化感作用测定,对比研究其对小子虉草的生长、繁殖、表型以及化感作用的影响。田间实验显示:竞争方式(种内或种间竞争)和油菜类型对小子虉草的地上生物量、种子数、株高、分枝数、叶面积和比叶面积存在极显著(P=0.0001)影响;而油菜品种对小子虉草的地上生物量(P=0.6064)、种子数(P=0.3577)、株高(P=0.4279)、分枝数(P=0.6357)、叶面积(P=0.8839)和比叶面积(P=0.3424)均无显著影响。3种类型油菜对小子虉草生长、繁殖以及表型的影响存在明显差异,其中芥菜型油菜对小子虉草的上述指标的影响最强,而白菜型油菜的影响最弱。室内生物测定显示,油菜对小子虉草具有化感抑制作用,当供试油菜叶片水提液浓度为0.1 g/mL时,小子虉草种子的萌发和幼苗的株高、根长、生物量均被显著抑制;研究也表明不同类型油菜对小子虉草的化感作用显著不同,同等条件下,芥菜型油菜对小子虉草的化感抑制作用最强。综上所述,油菜类型对外来入侵小子虉草的控制作用存在显著差异,其中芥菜型油菜对植物小子虉草的替代控制作用明显优于白菜型油菜和甘蓝型油菜,而其强的化感抑草特性或许是其强控草能力的原因之一。另外,本研究也为进一步利用油菜替代控制入侵植物小子虉草提供了参考。展开更多
In this study,effects of temperature,light and their interactions on allelopathic effects and the functional traits specific leaf area(SLA)and stem mass fraction(SMF)of different allelopathic potential rice accessions...In this study,effects of temperature,light and their interactions on allelopathic effects and the functional traits specific leaf area(SLA)and stem mass fraction(SMF)of different allelopathic potential rice accessions at different growth stages were analyzed.The main results were as follows:Allelopathic responses to temperature and light varied with different allelopathic potential rice accessions at different growth stages.With the rise of temperature and the extension of photoperiod,allelopathic effect increased firstly and then decreased at 2–3 leaf stage,but increased constantly at the 4–5 and 7–8 leaf stages in strong allelopathic rice accessions[O.longistaminata,F1(O.longistaminata×RD23),F2(RL159 and RL169)].Temperature had significant impact on allelopathic effect without considering light factors,but light showed little effect on rice allelopathy at the same temperature conditions.The greatest allelopathic effect was attained with moderate temperature and long photoperiod at 2–3 leaf stage in strong allelopathic rice accessions,but all the rice accessions showed weak allelopathic effects at the low temperature condition(15oC/10oC),and the influence of different factors on allelopathy followed a general trend as temperature>leaf stage>light,indicating that among the multiple factors impacting rice allelopathy,temperature was the main factor.Allelopathic characteristics of F1 and F2 to various temperature and light were similar to O.longistaminata,showing that allelopathic genes from wild rice can be expressed in its descendants.Temperature and light also had significant effects on SLA and SMF,and rice allelopathy was closely correlative to SLA in strong allelopathic rice accessions at the 4–5 and 7–8 leaf stages,but there was no correlation between rice allelopathy and SMF at different growth stages.These results suggested that rice adjust the relationship between allelopathy and SLA and adapt to the varied environments,and that high temperature and long photoperiod can enhance rice allelopathic activity.展开更多
文摘随着全球化进程的发展,生物入侵的危害日趋严重(Paini et al.,2016)。生物入侵的防控已成为21世纪全球各国政府关注的主要问题和科学研究的热点。中国已成为世界上生物入侵危害最为严重的国家之一(万方浩等,2011)。外来生物入侵已经对我国的生态环境和农业生产造成了极大危害,而且还在随着国际交流的发展不断增强(万方浩等,2009)。由于我国地理环境多样,为不同物种的入侵提供了天然生境。因此,我国不同地区存在着不同的入侵物种,这些物种对当地的生态系统造成了极大危害。
文摘外来入侵植物小子虉草(Phalaris minor Retz.)是世界公认的冬季农田恶性杂草,掌握农作物对其替代控制作用具有重要的研究价值。前期研究表明,油菜是替代控制小子虉草的优良农作物,然而,目前尚不清楚油菜类型与品种对其控制能力的影响。为此选取与小子虉草同域发生的不同类型(白菜型油菜、芥菜型油菜和甘蓝型油菜)油菜品种各3种,通过田间小区实验和室内化感作用测定,对比研究其对小子虉草的生长、繁殖、表型以及化感作用的影响。田间实验显示:竞争方式(种内或种间竞争)和油菜类型对小子虉草的地上生物量、种子数、株高、分枝数、叶面积和比叶面积存在极显著(P=0.0001)影响;而油菜品种对小子虉草的地上生物量(P=0.6064)、种子数(P=0.3577)、株高(P=0.4279)、分枝数(P=0.6357)、叶面积(P=0.8839)和比叶面积(P=0.3424)均无显著影响。3种类型油菜对小子虉草生长、繁殖以及表型的影响存在明显差异,其中芥菜型油菜对小子虉草的上述指标的影响最强,而白菜型油菜的影响最弱。室内生物测定显示,油菜对小子虉草具有化感抑制作用,当供试油菜叶片水提液浓度为0.1 g/mL时,小子虉草种子的萌发和幼苗的株高、根长、生物量均被显著抑制;研究也表明不同类型油菜对小子虉草的化感作用显著不同,同等条件下,芥菜型油菜对小子虉草的化感抑制作用最强。综上所述,油菜类型对外来入侵小子虉草的控制作用存在显著差异,其中芥菜型油菜对植物小子虉草的替代控制作用明显优于白菜型油菜和甘蓝型油菜,而其强的化感抑草特性或许是其强控草能力的原因之一。另外,本研究也为进一步利用油菜替代控制入侵植物小子虉草提供了参考。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31260453)the Science and Technology Innovation Talents Project of Yunnan Province, China (Grant No. 2014HB039)
文摘In this study,effects of temperature,light and their interactions on allelopathic effects and the functional traits specific leaf area(SLA)and stem mass fraction(SMF)of different allelopathic potential rice accessions at different growth stages were analyzed.The main results were as follows:Allelopathic responses to temperature and light varied with different allelopathic potential rice accessions at different growth stages.With the rise of temperature and the extension of photoperiod,allelopathic effect increased firstly and then decreased at 2–3 leaf stage,but increased constantly at the 4–5 and 7–8 leaf stages in strong allelopathic rice accessions[O.longistaminata,F1(O.longistaminata×RD23),F2(RL159 and RL169)].Temperature had significant impact on allelopathic effect without considering light factors,but light showed little effect on rice allelopathy at the same temperature conditions.The greatest allelopathic effect was attained with moderate temperature and long photoperiod at 2–3 leaf stage in strong allelopathic rice accessions,but all the rice accessions showed weak allelopathic effects at the low temperature condition(15oC/10oC),and the influence of different factors on allelopathy followed a general trend as temperature>leaf stage>light,indicating that among the multiple factors impacting rice allelopathy,temperature was the main factor.Allelopathic characteristics of F1 and F2 to various temperature and light were similar to O.longistaminata,showing that allelopathic genes from wild rice can be expressed in its descendants.Temperature and light also had significant effects on SLA and SMF,and rice allelopathy was closely correlative to SLA in strong allelopathic rice accessions at the 4–5 and 7–8 leaf stages,but there was no correlation between rice allelopathy and SMF at different growth stages.These results suggested that rice adjust the relationship between allelopathy and SLA and adapt to the varied environments,and that high temperature and long photoperiod can enhance rice allelopathic activity.
