智能跑步机跟随速度自适应控制方法研究

当前跑步机都是外部速度跟随机器完成控制,在变速过程中智能化程度较低,导致变频调速精度和稳定性控制过程很被动,影响了整体的智能化效果。为此,提出智能跑步机跟随速度自适应控制方法。通过设备完成人体静止及运动状态实时数据采集,利用卡尔曼滤波算法结合采集的数据,实现用户加速度预测,根据预测结合用户在跑步机上的受力情况,带入跑步机速度控制器,实现其跟随速度的自适应控制。实验结果表明:所提方法在接近0.2s时达到理想速度,变频调速精度高于95%,证明该方法的稳定性好、响应速度快且调节精度高,整体控制效果好,更能满足用户对于智能跑步机的自适应变速要求。

Effect of Cadmium Stress on the Growth, Antioxidative Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Two Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Plant Seedlings

The effects of cadmium stress on the growth, antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in two kenaf plants, Fuhong 991 and ZM412, were analysed under control （0.5-strength Hoagland＇s nutrient solution） or five levels of cadmium stress （0.5- strength Hoagland＇s nutrient solution containing different concentrations of Cd2＋）. The leaves and roots of control and cadmium-stressed plants were harvested after 3 wk. At the same Cd concentration, the Cd tolerance index of Fuhong 991 was higher than that of ZM412, indicating that Fuhong 991 may be more tolerant to Cd than ZM412. The superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase activity （CAT） and peroxidase （POD） activities fluctuated in the leaves of the Cd-stressed plants compared to the control, whereas the glutathione reductase activity （GR） was much larger than the control for Fuhong 991, ensuring that sufficient quantities of GSH were available to respond to the cadmium stress. In comparison to the control, the dynamic tendency of the SOD, CAT and POD activities in roots of the Cd-stressed plants all increased and then declined, but the POD activity of Fuhong 991 remained nearly unchanged at all of the stress levels. The increase in the enzyme activities demonstrated that Fuhong 991 was more tolerant to cadmium than ZM 412. The lipid peroxidation was enhanced only in the leaves of Cd-stressed ZM 412. These findings indicated that antioxidative activities may play important roles in Cd-stressed Fuhong 991 and ZM 412 and that the leaf and root cell membranes of Fuhong 991 have a greater stability than those of ZM 412. For pollution monitoring purposes, the GR activity in the roots and leaves may serve as a biomarker of Cd for Fuhong 991, whereas lipid peroxidation may serve as biomarker for ZM 412.

响应面法优化蛋清蛋白碱法凝胶化条件

以蛋清蛋白为原料,添加NaOH制备碱诱导不可逆凝胶。在单因素试验基础上,以NaOH浓度、凝胶化温度和凝胶化时间为自变量,以凝胶强度为响应值,应用响应面法优化蛋清蛋白碱诱导凝胶化条件。试验结果表明:添加NaOH于蛋清蛋白中能制备碱诱导不可逆凝胶。通过建立回归模型,得到了蛋清蛋白碱诱导凝胶化的优化条件:NaOH浓度0.8%,凝胶化温度42℃,凝胶化时间4 h,在此凝胶化条件下蛋清蛋白的凝胶强度预测值为0.936 kgf,验证值为0.933 kgf,二者数值相近,说明得到的优化结果可靠。