目的:分析医院临床患者所发生的新的和严重的药物不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADRs)的流行病学特点,为今后患者的安全、合理用药提供参考。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年7月常熟市第一人民医院上报国家药品不良反应监测中心的696例A...目的:分析医院临床患者所发生的新的和严重的药物不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADRs)的流行病学特点,为今后患者的安全、合理用药提供参考。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年7月常熟市第一人民医院上报国家药品不良反应监测中心的696例ADRs报告,采集患者的性别、年龄、所患疾病等,以及ADRs的累及器官(或系统)、临床表现和所涉药品的种类、给药方式等信息,分析新的和严重的ADRs的流行病学特点。结果:上报的696例ADRs报告中,新的和严重的ADRs共308例,其中报告类型为新的一般的有214例,新的严重的有23例,严重的有71例;308例新的和严重的ADRs报告中,前3位的上报部门分别为重症医学科(19例,占6.17%)、神经内科(17例,占5.52%)和骨科(17例,占5.52%),所涉患者的年龄主要集中在60~<80岁(157例,占50.97%)和40~<60岁(78例,占25.32%),而其所患疾病前3位的分别为胃恶性肿瘤(21例,占6.82%)、肺部感染(19例,占6.17%)和骨折(18例,占5.84%);308例新的和严重的ADRs报告主要涉及抗感染药物(70例,占22.73%)、血液系统药物(35例,占11.36%)和心血管系统药物(26例,占8.44%),所涉品种主要为氨甲环酸(14例,占4.55%)和左氧氟沙星(12例,占3.90%),主要累及的器官(或系统)为皮肤及其附件(114例次)、胃肠与肝胆系统(90例次)、全身性反应(74例次),出现较多的临床表现有皮疹性瘙痒(47例次)、皮疹(38例次)、恶心(23例次)、胸闷(20例次)、头晕(19例次);308例新的和严重的ADRs患者经过处置,治愈的有220例(占71.43%),好转的有85例(占27.60%)。结论:医院患者在用药过程中难免发生ADRs,而其中有较大的可能发生新的或严重的ADRs,这其中又以中老年人群发生最多,医院应督促临床安全用药长抓不懈,以确保患者的用药安全。展开更多
目的:分析医院左氧氟沙星所致药物不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADRs)的流行病学特点,为临床左氧氟沙星的用药安全提供参考。方法:选取2018年1月—2022年12月常熟市第一人民医院上报的117例左氧氟沙星所致ADRs报告作为研究资料,采...目的:分析医院左氧氟沙星所致药物不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADRs)的流行病学特点,为临床左氧氟沙星的用药安全提供参考。方法:选取2018年1月—2022年12月常熟市第一人民医院上报的117例左氧氟沙星所致ADRs报告作为研究资料,采集其中患者的年龄、性别、所患疾病,左氧氟沙星的品规、用法用量、给药途径,以及ADRs的累及器官、临床表现、最终转归等信息,分析左氧氟沙星所致ADRs的流行病学特点。结果:117例ADRs报告中,女性多于男性(78例vs 39例),患者所患疾病以下呼吸道感染(33例,占28.21%)、消化系统感染(23例,占19.66%)、女性盆腔及其附件感染(22例,占18.80%)和尿路感染(17例,占14.53%)为主;117例ADRs报告中,所涉左氧氟沙星共涉及7个品规(4个注射液,3个片剂),注射液共涉患者110例(占94.02%),片剂共涉患者7例(占5.98%),左氧氟沙星的给药方案主要为“0.5 g,q24h,静脉滴注”(74例,占63.25%)和“0.2 g,q12h,静脉滴注”(27例,占23.08%);左氧氟沙星所致ADRs主要累及患者的皮肤及其附属器官(66例,占56.41%)和血管系统(18例,占15.38%),有8例临床表现较为严重,具体表现为过敏性休克(6例);但经对症治疗后,所有患者均好转(38例,占32.48%)或治愈(79例,占67.52%)。结论:左氧氟沙星所致ADRs在女性中更为多见,且多发生在静脉滴注用药时,此外其临床表现多数并不严重,但临床仍应重视患者的用药监护,以确保患者的用药安全。展开更多
Global food security is threatened by the impacts of the spread of crop pests and changes in the complex interactions between crops and pests under climate change.Schrankia costaestrigalis is a newly-reported potato p...Global food security is threatened by the impacts of the spread of crop pests and changes in the complex interactions between crops and pests under climate change.Schrankia costaestrigalis is a newly-reported potato pest in southern China.Early-warning monitoring of this insect pest could protect domestic agriculture as it has already caused regional yield reduction and/or quality decline in potato production.Our research aimed to confirm the potential geographical distributions(PGDs)of S.costaestrigalis in China under different climate scenarios using an optimal MaxEnt model,and to provide baseline data for preventing agricultural damage by S.costaestrigalis.Our findings indicated that the accuracy of the optimal MaxEnt model was better than the default-setting model,and the minimum temperature of the coldest month,precipitation of the driest month,precipitation of the coldest quarter,and the human influence index were the variables significantly affecting the PGDs of S.costaestrigalis.The highly-and moderately-suitable habitats of S.costaestrigalis were mainly located in eastern and southern China.The PGDs of S.costaestrigalis in China will decrease under climate change.The conversion of the highly-to moderately-suitable habitat will also be significant under climate change.The centroid of the suitable habitat area of S.costaestrigalis under the current climate showed a general tendency to move northeast and to the middle-high latitudes in the 2030s.The agricultural practice of plastic film mulching in potato fields will provide a favorable microclimate for S.costaestrigalis in the suitable areas.More attention should be paid to the early warning and monitoring of S.costaestrigalis in order to prevent its further spread in the main areas in China’s winter potato planting regions.展开更多
Tuta absoluta(Meyrick) originated in South America and is one of the most serious pests of tomatoes. It is also known to attack other solanaceous crops, including potato, eggplant, pepper, tobacco, and weedy species s...Tuta absoluta(Meyrick) originated in South America and is one of the most serious pests of tomatoes. It is also known to attack other solanaceous crops, including potato, eggplant, pepper, tobacco, and weedy species such as black nightshade. After accidental introduction into Spain in 2006, this pest spread rapidly throughout Afro-Eurasia and has become a major threat to tomato production worldwide. Here, we report the first record of T. absoluta as an invasive pest in China. It was found in tomato fields in Ili Kazakg Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Ili, Xinjiang), China, and its occurrence was confirmed by both morphological and molecular approaches. In Ili, T. absoluta has been found to attack eggplant, potato, and black nightshade. We found the larvae generally mining and feeding on leaves and boring into tomato fruits, with multiple larvae sometimes observed in a single fruit. Its infestation levels differ among the tomato fields and host species. In all of the surveyed tomato fields, T. absoluta infested 100% of plants. In some of the fields, up to 90% of the eggplant and 100% of the potato plants were infested. Since no natural enemies were found under field conditions, suitable management practices are urgently needed to stop the further spread of this destructive pest in China.展开更多
The globally invasive cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley,has recently invaded several Chinese regions,and continues to expand its range.This mealybug is a polyphagous insect pest,with at least 200 host pla...The globally invasive cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley,has recently invaded several Chinese regions,and continues to expand its range.This mealybug is a polyphagous insect pest,with at least 200 host plants from 63 families,including cotton,food crops,fruits,ornamental plants,tobacco,and vegetables.Here,we describe the first finding of P.solenopsis in Shandong Province,and investigate the abundances of its natural enemies(predator Coccinella septempunctata L.and parasitoid Aenasius bambawalei Hayat).All three species were detected from ornamental and weed species in Linyi,Shandong,in September 2018,and were positively identified using DNA barcoding.BLAST analysis revealed significant identity(99.38-100%) between sequences of P.solenopsis obtained in this study and those published in the past.This invasive pest represents a major potential threat to agri-horticulture in Shandong,which is a key province of China for production and export of many vegetables,flowers,fruits,and other crops.This mealybug species has a wide range of potential distribution in Shandong and is easily dispersed with agricultural and horticultural transport products.Further monitoring and management strategies are required to limit the spread of this pest species.展开更多
The globally invasive cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero is a pernicious pest of cassava,and its recent introduction into Asia has raised considerable alarm.To slow or prevent further invasion,an acc...The globally invasive cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero is a pernicious pest of cassava,and its recent introduction into Asia has raised considerable alarm.To slow or prevent further invasion,an accurate,simple,and developmental-stage-independent detection method for P.manihoti is required.In the present study,a PCR method based on a species-specific mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I(SS-COI)marker was developed for rapid identification of P.manihoti.One pair of SS-COI primers(PMSSZW-1F and PMSSZW-1R)was designed based on sequence variations in the COI gene among P.manihoti and related mealybug species.Specificity of the primer pair was validated on 21 closely related species.Sensitivity tests were performed on four immature developmental stages and female adults.Efficacy tests demonstrated that at the relatively low concentration of(135.2±14.7)pgresuspended DNA,the specific fragment was detected in all replicates.Furthermore,the SS-COI primer pair was assayed on three populations of P.manihoti from major exporting countries of cassava.The PCR assay was proved to be a rapid,simple,and reliable molecular measure for the identification of P.manihoti.This tool will be useful for quarantine,monitoring,and management of this invasive pest.展开更多
文摘目的:分析医院临床患者所发生的新的和严重的药物不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADRs)的流行病学特点,为今后患者的安全、合理用药提供参考。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年7月常熟市第一人民医院上报国家药品不良反应监测中心的696例ADRs报告,采集患者的性别、年龄、所患疾病等,以及ADRs的累及器官(或系统)、临床表现和所涉药品的种类、给药方式等信息,分析新的和严重的ADRs的流行病学特点。结果:上报的696例ADRs报告中,新的和严重的ADRs共308例,其中报告类型为新的一般的有214例,新的严重的有23例,严重的有71例;308例新的和严重的ADRs报告中,前3位的上报部门分别为重症医学科(19例,占6.17%)、神经内科(17例,占5.52%)和骨科(17例,占5.52%),所涉患者的年龄主要集中在60~<80岁(157例,占50.97%)和40~<60岁(78例,占25.32%),而其所患疾病前3位的分别为胃恶性肿瘤(21例,占6.82%)、肺部感染(19例,占6.17%)和骨折(18例,占5.84%);308例新的和严重的ADRs报告主要涉及抗感染药物(70例,占22.73%)、血液系统药物(35例,占11.36%)和心血管系统药物(26例,占8.44%),所涉品种主要为氨甲环酸(14例,占4.55%)和左氧氟沙星(12例,占3.90%),主要累及的器官(或系统)为皮肤及其附件(114例次)、胃肠与肝胆系统(90例次)、全身性反应(74例次),出现较多的临床表现有皮疹性瘙痒(47例次)、皮疹(38例次)、恶心(23例次)、胸闷(20例次)、头晕(19例次);308例新的和严重的ADRs患者经过处置,治愈的有220例(占71.43%),好转的有85例(占27.60%)。结论:医院患者在用药过程中难免发生ADRs,而其中有较大的可能发生新的或严重的ADRs,这其中又以中老年人群发生最多,医院应督促临床安全用药长抓不懈,以确保患者的用药安全。
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2600400 and 2021YFD1400100)。
文摘Global food security is threatened by the impacts of the spread of crop pests and changes in the complex interactions between crops and pests under climate change.Schrankia costaestrigalis is a newly-reported potato pest in southern China.Early-warning monitoring of this insect pest could protect domestic agriculture as it has already caused regional yield reduction and/or quality decline in potato production.Our research aimed to confirm the potential geographical distributions(PGDs)of S.costaestrigalis in China under different climate scenarios using an optimal MaxEnt model,and to provide baseline data for preventing agricultural damage by S.costaestrigalis.Our findings indicated that the accuracy of the optimal MaxEnt model was better than the default-setting model,and the minimum temperature of the coldest month,precipitation of the driest month,precipitation of the coldest quarter,and the human influence index were the variables significantly affecting the PGDs of S.costaestrigalis.The highly-and moderately-suitable habitats of S.costaestrigalis were mainly located in eastern and southern China.The PGDs of S.costaestrigalis in China will decrease under climate change.The conversion of the highly-to moderately-suitable habitat will also be significant under climate change.The centroid of the suitable habitat area of S.costaestrigalis under the current climate showed a general tendency to move northeast and to the middle-high latitudes in the 2030s.The agricultural practice of plastic film mulching in potato fields will provide a favorable microclimate for S.costaestrigalis in the suitable areas.More attention should be paid to the early warning and monitoring of S.costaestrigalis in order to prevent its further spread in the main areas in China’s winter potato planting regions.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1200600,2016YFC1201200)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(caascx-2017-2022-1AS).
文摘Tuta absoluta(Meyrick) originated in South America and is one of the most serious pests of tomatoes. It is also known to attack other solanaceous crops, including potato, eggplant, pepper, tobacco, and weedy species such as black nightshade. After accidental introduction into Spain in 2006, this pest spread rapidly throughout Afro-Eurasia and has become a major threat to tomato production worldwide. Here, we report the first record of T. absoluta as an invasive pest in China. It was found in tomato fields in Ili Kazakg Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Ili, Xinjiang), China, and its occurrence was confirmed by both morphological and molecular approaches. In Ili, T. absoluta has been found to attack eggplant, potato, and black nightshade. We found the larvae generally mining and feeding on leaves and boring into tomato fruits, with multiple larvae sometimes observed in a single fruit. Its infestation levels differ among the tomato fields and host species. In all of the surveyed tomato fields, T. absoluta infested 100% of plants. In some of the fields, up to 90% of the eggplant and 100% of the potato plants were infested. Since no natural enemies were found under field conditions, suitable management practices are urgently needed to stop the further spread of this destructive pest in China.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1200600 and 2016YFC1201200)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(caascx-2017-2022-IAS)
文摘The globally invasive cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley,has recently invaded several Chinese regions,and continues to expand its range.This mealybug is a polyphagous insect pest,with at least 200 host plants from 63 families,including cotton,food crops,fruits,ornamental plants,tobacco,and vegetables.Here,we describe the first finding of P.solenopsis in Shandong Province,and investigate the abundances of its natural enemies(predator Coccinella septempunctata L.and parasitoid Aenasius bambawalei Hayat).All three species were detected from ornamental and weed species in Linyi,Shandong,in September 2018,and were positively identified using DNA barcoding.BLAST analysis revealed significant identity(99.38-100%) between sequences of P.solenopsis obtained in this study and those published in the past.This invasive pest represents a major potential threat to agri-horticulture in Shandong,which is a key province of China for production and export of many vegetables,flowers,fruits,and other crops.This mealybug species has a wide range of potential distribution in Shandong and is easily dispersed with agricultural and horticultural transport products.Further monitoring and management strategies are required to limit the spread of this pest species.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1200600,2016YFC1201200 and 2015BAD08A16)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS(caascx-2013-2018-IAS)
文摘The globally invasive cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero is a pernicious pest of cassava,and its recent introduction into Asia has raised considerable alarm.To slow or prevent further invasion,an accurate,simple,and developmental-stage-independent detection method for P.manihoti is required.In the present study,a PCR method based on a species-specific mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I(SS-COI)marker was developed for rapid identification of P.manihoti.One pair of SS-COI primers(PMSSZW-1F and PMSSZW-1R)was designed based on sequence variations in the COI gene among P.manihoti and related mealybug species.Specificity of the primer pair was validated on 21 closely related species.Sensitivity tests were performed on four immature developmental stages and female adults.Efficacy tests demonstrated that at the relatively low concentration of(135.2±14.7)pgresuspended DNA,the specific fragment was detected in all replicates.Furthermore,the SS-COI primer pair was assayed on three populations of P.manihoti from major exporting countries of cassava.The PCR assay was proved to be a rapid,simple,and reliable molecular measure for the identification of P.manihoti.This tool will be useful for quarantine,monitoring,and management of this invasive pest.
