实验写作与传统经典的“碰撞”--《敦亚佐德》的元小说叙事艺术

约翰巴斯的小说《敦亚佐德》聚焦于小说作为人造品的地位,是典型的后现代主义元小说。元小说是指涉小说自身的小说,关注故事的虚构过程。在元小说中,揭露叙事艺术优先于叙述本身。《敦亚佐德》运用多种后现代主义元小说叙事技巧,重新演绎传统经典《一千零一夜》,主要体现在露迹、戏仿和反向框架,是实验写作与传统经典的"碰撞"。解读小说中的叙事技巧,能够揭示巴斯的后现代创作观,寻找一种可与现实世界紧密相联的小说形式,体现后现代作家普遍倡导的一种自省意识。

The Status and Associated Factors of Successful Aging among Older Adults Residing in Longevity Areas in China

Objective This study aims to assess the status of successful aging （SA） in longevity areas in China and explore multiple factors associated with SA among the young-old and oldest-old. Methods A total of 2296 elderly people aged 65 and older were interviewed in the longevity areas sub-sample of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey （CLHLS） in 2012. Baseline assessments included a researcher-administered questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory testing. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with SA. Results The prevalence of SA was 38.81% in the CLHLS in 2012. There were significant differences between ages groups, with SA compromising 56.85% among _〉65 years group and 20.31% among 〉100 years group （X2trend=126.73, P〈O.01）. The prevalence of SA among females was 33.59%, which was significantly lower than that among males （45.58%） （X2gender=33.65, P〈0.05）. In the regression analysis, having anemia ~OR=0.744, 95% CI： 0.609-0.910）, poor lifestyle （OR=0.697, 95% CI： 0.568-0.854）, poor sleep quality （OR=0.558, 95% CI： 0.456-0.682）, and central obesity （OR=0.684, 95% CI： 0.556-0.841） were the main factors associated with SA. The promoting SA rate decreased as age increased, and the group of 65-79 years had higher odds than the other age group. Conclusion Preventing central obesity, improving sleep quality and promoting healthy lifestyle may contribute to achieve SA among the elderly.

Association of the ADIPOQ Rs2241766 and Rs266729 Polymorphisms with Metabolic Syndrome in the Chinese Population:A Meta-analysis

Objective This meta-analysis was performed to summarize the association of the ADIPOQ rs2241766 and rs266729 polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome（MS） in the Chinese population.Methods We searched for articles in MEDLINE via PubM ed,EMBASE,HuG E Navigator,CNKI,and Wanfang databases and calculated odds ratios（ORs） with 95% confidence intervals（CIs） to determine the strength of associations in fixed-or random-effects models.Results We included 21 articles in the meta-analysis：17 reports of ADIPOQ rs2241766 with 3628 cases and 3000 controls and 8 of rs266729 with 2021 cases and 2226 controls.We found an increased risk of MS with the ADIPOQ rs2241766 polymorphism in some genetic models（allele model：OR=1.12,95% CI：1.03-1.21;dominant model：OR=1.15,95% CI：1.04-1.28;homozygote model：OR=1.22,95% CI：1.00-1.49） but no association with the ADIPOQ rs266729 polymorphism（allele model：OR=0.98,95% CI：0.82-1.17;dominant model：OR=0.90,95% CI：0.79-1.02;recessive model：OR=1.09,95% CI：0.85-1.39;homozygote model：OR=1.03,95% CI：0.80-1.33）.Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis suggest an association between the ADIPOQ rs2241766 polymorphism and MS in the Chinese population.G allele of ADIPOQ rs2241766 increases the risk of MS.Better designed studies with different ethnic populations and larger sample sizes are needed for assessing the relationship between ADIPOQ rs2241766 and rs266729 polymorphisms and MS in the future.

Association of TCF7L2 and GCG Gene Variants with Insulin Secretion,Insulin Resistance,and Obesity in New-onset Diabetes

This cohort study was designed to evaluate the association of transcription factor 7-like 2 （TCF7L2） and proglucagon gene （GCG） variants with disordered glucose metabolism and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） in a rural adult Chinese population. A total of 7,751 non-T2DM participants 〉18 years old genotyped at baseline were recruited. The same questionnaire interview and physical and blood biochemical examinations were performed at both baseline and follow-up. During a median 6 years of follow-up, T2DM developed in 227 participants. After adjustment for potential contributory factors, nominally significant associations were seen between 3T genotype and the recessive model of TCFTI.2 rs7903146 and increased risk of T2DM [hazard ratio （HR）=4.068, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.270-13.026; HR=4.051, 95% CI： 1.268-12.946, respectively]. The TT genotype of rs7903146 was also significantly associated with higher fasting plasma insulin level and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in case of new-onset diabetes. In addition, the TCF7L2 rs290487 TT genotype was associated with abdominal obesity and the GCG rs12104705 CC genotype was associated with both general obesity and abdominal obesity in case of new-onset diabetes.

河南省2008-2017年围产儿出生缺陷监测情况分析

目的了解河南省2008-2017年出生缺陷发生率的变化趋势,为制定和完善出生缺陷的预防对策及干预措施提供依据。方法对河南省2008-2017年出生缺陷医院监测数据采用SAS 9. 13软件进行统计分析。结果河南省2008-2017年共监测围产儿2 615 717例,出生缺陷发生率为114. 11/万,各年度出生缺陷发生率呈上升趋势(χ2=9. 45,P <0. 001)。城市围产儿出生缺陷发生率高于农村,男性围产儿出生缺陷发生率高于女性,差异均有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。产妇年龄<20岁、20岁～、25岁～、30岁～、≥35岁所出生围产儿出生缺陷发生率差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。<20岁、≥35岁产妇更易发生围产儿出生缺陷。先天性心脏病和多指(趾)发生率呈上升趋势,总唇裂和脊柱裂发生率呈下降趋势,且先天性心脏病和脊柱裂的变化幅度较大。结论河南省出生缺陷发生率总体有增加的趋势。随着高龄孕产妇的增加,应加强产前筛查及产前诊断工作,提高出生缺陷发现能力,降低出生缺陷发生率。

20-Hydroxyecdysone Improves Neuronal Differentiation of Adult Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells in High Power Microwave Radiation-Exposed Rats

Objective The hippocampus is thought to be a vulnerable target of microwave exposure.The aim of the present study was to investigate whether 20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)acted as a fate regulator of adult rat hippocampal neural stem cells(NSCs).Furthermore,we investigated if 20E attenuated high power microwave(HMP)radiation-induced learning and memory deficits.Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal controls,radiation treated,and radiation+20E treated.Rats in the radiation and radiation+20E treatment groups were exposed to HPM radiation from a microwave emission system.The learning and memory abilities of the rats were assessed using the Morris water maze test.Primary adult rat hippocampal NSCs were isolated in vitro and cultured to evaluate their proliferation and differentiation.In addition,hematoxylin&eosin staining,western blotting,and immunofluorescence were used to detect changes in the rat brain and the proliferation and differentiation of the adult rat hippocampal NSCs after HPM radiation exposure.Results The results showed that 20E induced neuronal differentiation of adult hippocampal NSCs from HPM radiation-exposed rats via the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway in vitro.Furthermore,20E facilitated neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the rat brain following HPM radiation exposure.Administration of 20E attenuated learning and memory deficits in HPM radiation-exposed rats and frizzled-related protein(FRZB)reduced the 20E-induced nuclear translocation ofβ-catenin,while FRZB treatment also reversed 20E-induced neuronal differentiation of NSCs in vitro.Conclusion These results suggested that 20E was a fate regulator of adult rat hippocampal NSCs,where it played a role in attenuating HPM radiation-induced learning and memory deficits.