We try to figure out how the structure evolution and strategy evolution commonly affect the emergence of fair behaviors in the ultimatum game under a complex network framework.By allowing the players to change their n...We try to figure out how the structure evolution and strategy evolution commonly affect the emergence of fair behaviors in the ultimatum game under a complex network framework.By allowing the players to change their neighbors in the network as well as their strategies,several experiments have been conducted.Results of the simulations show that the coevolution has substantial impacts on the resulting outcomes for the strategy adopted as well as the ultimate structure.With increasing structure updating rate,players offer more in the ultimatum game,but players will offer less with increasing strategy updating rate.In particular,the ratio of structure updating to strategy updating also affects the emergence of fairness substantially because the larger the ratio,the more the players offer.In addition,the mutation in strategies plays a promoting role in the emergence of fairness.Moreover,the initial random network is evolved into the structure with small-world effects.By comparison with the traditional models of static structures,we show that allowing the network structure and strategy to coevolve generally promotes the emergence of fairness.展开更多
Ponkan (Citrus reticulate Blanco) is one of the most popular citrus fruits for daily consumption and processing in China. In this study, limonene was removed from ponkan essential oil (PEO) by using an effective metho...Ponkan (Citrus reticulate Blanco) is one of the most popular citrus fruits for daily consumption and processing in China. In this study, limonene was removed from ponkan essential oil (PEO) by using an effective methodology to estimate the optimum levels of three independent variables of molecular distillation (MD) in order to minimize the limonene content and (b) maximize the removal rate. A three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to evaluate the effect of distilling temperature (45.00~55.00 ℃), wiper rolling speed (150.00~250.00 r/ min) and distilling pressure (25.00~35.00 Pa). The optimum parameters within the experimental range of the variables were extrapolated to be: distilling temperature 47.00℃, wiper rolling speed 203.00 r/min and distilling pressure 30.00 Pa. Optimal values extrapolated by response surface methodology (RSM) for the limonene content and removal rate of the desirable PEO were 47.82% and 84.67%, respectively.展开更多
基金by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61004015the Research Fund for the Doctor Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No 20090032120034the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(PCSIRT).
文摘We try to figure out how the structure evolution and strategy evolution commonly affect the emergence of fair behaviors in the ultimatum game under a complex network framework.By allowing the players to change their neighbors in the network as well as their strategies,several experiments have been conducted.Results of the simulations show that the coevolution has substantial impacts on the resulting outcomes for the strategy adopted as well as the ultimate structure.With increasing structure updating rate,players offer more in the ultimatum game,but players will offer less with increasing strategy updating rate.In particular,the ratio of structure updating to strategy updating also affects the emergence of fairness substantially because the larger the ratio,the more the players offer.In addition,the mutation in strategies plays a promoting role in the emergence of fairness.Moreover,the initial random network is evolved into the structure with small-world effects.By comparison with the traditional models of static structures,we show that allowing the network structure and strategy to coevolve generally promotes the emergence of fairness.
文摘Ponkan (Citrus reticulate Blanco) is one of the most popular citrus fruits for daily consumption and processing in China. In this study, limonene was removed from ponkan essential oil (PEO) by using an effective methodology to estimate the optimum levels of three independent variables of molecular distillation (MD) in order to minimize the limonene content and (b) maximize the removal rate. A three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to evaluate the effect of distilling temperature (45.00~55.00 ℃), wiper rolling speed (150.00~250.00 r/ min) and distilling pressure (25.00~35.00 Pa). The optimum parameters within the experimental range of the variables were extrapolated to be: distilling temperature 47.00℃, wiper rolling speed 203.00 r/min and distilling pressure 30.00 Pa. Optimal values extrapolated by response surface methodology (RSM) for the limonene content and removal rate of the desirable PEO were 47.82% and 84.67%, respectively.
