不同原料处理方式对青稞白酒及酒醅的影响

选用炒制、微波、破碎、炒制破碎4种不同处理方式分别对青稞米进行处理,以未经任何处理的青稞做空白对照进行白酒固态发酵试验,发酵罐均在28℃恒温箱中密封发酵15 d。连续测量5组发酵罐酒醅的酒精度、酸度、还原糖、淀粉、水分5个理化指标,并对发酵结束后蒸馏出的青稞白酒进行气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)分析,结合感官测评综合选择出最优的原料处理方式为炒制破碎法,该法的酒醅淀粉利用率较高,且青稞白酒风味物质种类有所增加,有利于进一步提高青稞白酒的品质和酒醅原料利用率。

果蔬酵素中纯菌种筛选及其在复合发酵中的应用

从处于发酵期的自然发酵拐枣果蔬酵素中筛选纯菌种,用于复合拐枣果蔬酵素的发酵工艺优化,通过分子生物学鉴定可知筛选出的酿酒酵母和植物乳杆菌各1株,将其应用于工艺优化的单因素试验和正交试验,最终得到拐枣果蔬酵素的复合发酵最佳工艺为发酵温度35℃,混合糖添加量30%,两种菌各添加2%,菌种添加量共计4%。通过验证试验,此发酵条件发酵的拐枣果蔬酵素pH为3.64,SOD酶活力为252U/mL,还原力为1.690,发酵时间为5d。

一种酿造料酒的制备及其去腥效果研究

采用无水乙醇浸提香辛料,定量地加入到酿造黄酒中的方式,制备了一种新型酿造调味料酒,根据香辛料浸提液浓度的不同分为两类料酒——料酒I和料酒II,每类料酒根据浸提液添加量的不同分为5种。在炒制鱼肉的过程中添加料酒,研究不同香辛料浸提液添加量的料酒对鱼肉中残留的腥味物质三甲胺浓度的影响。研究发现,采用分光光度计法测定鱼肉滤液中三甲胺的含量,滤液中一定浓度范围内的三甲胺含量与吸光值的线性关系良好,吸光值的大小能有效反映其中三甲胺的含量。试验发现,在一定范围内,料酒中香辛料浸提液添加量与三甲胺的含量成负相关,料酒I中浸提液添加量达到0.6 mL、料酒II中浸提液添加量达到1 mL时,其去除三甲胺的能力明显强于市售料酒,说明该市售料酒去腥能力还有较大提升空间。确定了香辛料最佳浸提时间为42 h,香辛料最佳添加比例是花椒∶八角∶山奈为2∶3∶1。

横梗霉产酯化酶的纯化及酶学性质

在研究浓香型白酒的过程中为了提高出酒率以及优质酒率可以从酯化酶的研究入手,酯化酶对提高出酒率和产优质酒有着积极的影响。本实验从五粮液大曲中经过严格的筛选得到一株高产酯化酶的菌株横梗霉。纯化分离横梗霉酯化酶发酵液使用盐析、透析、层析等步骤得到纯化的酯化酶,纯化提高到35.66倍,且具有2.54%的活性回收率,相对分子质量约为43000 u。通过酶学性质研究得出,酯化酶作用时的最佳温度是40℃,存在热敏感特性;60℃条件下反应30 min后有67.97%酶活残留;当pH为6~8时,酶活性较佳,当pH达到7.5时,最优;使用纯化后的酯化酶进行酶学性质研究发现金属离子对酯化酶有抑制作用的是Fe^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Mn^(2+)、Cu^(2+)对酯化酶。得到结论该横梗霉所产的酯化酶有着高产、耐热性差、对热敏感、具有良好的耐碱性的性质,在使用过程中应该注意高温以及酸性环境对活性的影响。

Photosynthetic Characteristics and Heterosis in Transgenic Hybrid Rice with Maize Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase (pepc) Gene

Three F3 hybrids derived from the sterile rice lines Gang 46A, 776A and 2480A and the improved restorer line Shuhui 881 containing maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase （pepc） gene were used to analyze the effect of pepc gene on the heterosis and photosynthetic characteristics, while the F3 obtained by crossing Shuhui 881 with the above three sterile lines served as controls. The dynamics of photosynthetic characteristics in leaves of three F1 with pepc gene and their controls were determined at the initial-tillering, maxium-tillering, elongation, initial-heading, heading, maturity stages, and other different times after flag leaf fully expanded. The PEPCase activities of the three F1 with pepc gene increased significantly as compared with control plants during the whole developmental stages. Moreover, the net photosynthesis rate （Pn） also increased to certain extent. The data showed that PEPCase activity was significantly correlated to Pn with a correlation coefficient of 0.6081. The photosynthetic indexes of the three F1 with pepc gene were obviously superior to respective controls in apparent quantum efficiency, light compensation point and carboxylation efficiency, while the CO2 compensation point was lower than that of corresponding control. The Pn of the three F1 with pepc gene at light saturation point and CO2 saturation point was also higher than that of control plants. in addition, the three F1 with pepc gene had an average increase of 37.10% in grain yields per plant in comparison with control plants. The results indicated that the photosynthetic characteristics of hybrid rice containing pepc gene had been improved to some extent due to the introduction of pepc gene.

9种常用中药注射剂与输液配伍的不溶性微粒测定

目的测定9种常用中药注射剂与输液配伍前后的不溶性微粒的粒径和数量,为指导临床合理用药提供确切依据。方法将临床常用9种常用中药注射剂与0.9%氯化钠注射液、5%葡萄糖注射液配伍,按照《中国药典》方法测定配伍前、后放置0、2、4h的微粒数,并进行统计分析。结果配伍液的不溶性微粒在开始的时候几乎没有增加,甚至大多数还有减少的趋势;随着放置时间延长,放置4h时不溶性微粒逐渐增加。结论应加强中药注射剂的质量控制,密切注意其与输液配伍后的不溶性微粒情况。