戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)是一种主要通过粪-口途径传播的人兽共患病病原,被认为是引起人类急性肝炎的主要原因之一。HEV可被分为8种基因型,各基因型的分布与地域和工业化水平有关,其中HEV-3与HEV-4具有人兽共患的传播能力,...戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)是一种主要通过粪-口途径传播的人兽共患病病原,被认为是引起人类急性肝炎的主要原因之一。HEV可被分为8种基因型,各基因型的分布与地域和工业化水平有关,其中HEV-3与HEV-4具有人兽共患的传播能力,能造成人类和各种动物宿主的感染。除人类外,猪是HEV最常见的宿主,随着研究的深入,发现HEV的宿主呈现多样性,包括牛、羊、鹿、兔和骆驼等多种动物,且各动物宿主之间存在跨物种传播的可能。HEV的跨物种传播是在人类和动物宿主频繁交流的过程中,通过适应性进化而形成的,受到宿主细胞受体和细胞因子的特异性差异限制。HEV基因重组有利于适应宿主的新毒株出现,也可能促进新的传播途径,从而促进HEV跨物种传播。通过对HEV传播途径的研究发现,基因型不同,传播途径也有所差异,而食用携带HEV的动物产品,特别是未煮熟的动物产品是造成人类感染HEV-3和HEV-4的主要原因。此外,水源的污染、职业暴露、输血与器官移植同样是HEV的重要传播途径。针对各种潜在的传播途径,可采取相关的防控手段对HEV进行预防,包括对动物食品进行充分的加热以灭活HEV、对水源进行消毒和净化、做好职业防护和疫苗注射等。为更好地了解和掌握HEV的流行规律,各地应加强对HEV的监测,并制定相关的防控策略。笔者从HEV病原学、跨物种感染和防控技术等方面进行综述,以期促进人们对HEV跨物种传播的深入认识并为HEV的防控提供参考。展开更多
戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)是造成急性肝炎最常见的原因之一。HEV基因组由5′非编码区、3个开放阅读框(ORF1、ORF2、ORF3)和3′非编码区组成,仅在HEV-1中发现了ORF4,并与ORF1重叠。各种编码蛋白在HEV的复制和感染中发挥着不...戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)是造成急性肝炎最常见的原因之一。HEV基因组由5′非编码区、3个开放阅读框(ORF1、ORF2、ORF3)和3′非编码区组成,仅在HEV-1中发现了ORF4,并与ORF1重叠。各种编码蛋白在HEV的复制和感染中发挥着不同的作用,而HEV的复制是由ORF1编码的RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶(RNA-dependent RNA polymerase,RdRp)所介导的。HEV RdRp是由多个蛋白亚基组成的复合酶,具有7个保守基序,这些保守基序在RNA合成过程中发挥核苷酸识别、合成、延伸、修饰和稳定等作用,保证了RdRp的功能,在HEV的复制和转录中起到关键作用。因此,以RdRp作为抗HEV药物作用靶点的治疗方案具有很好的应用前景,是目前药物开发的一种主流思路。目前,已发现利巴韦林、索非布韦、2′-C-甲基胞苷(2CMC)等核苷类RdRp抑制剂和锌、GPC-N114等非核苷类RdRp抑制剂对HEV有较强的抑制作用,可作为潜在的抗HEV药物进行深入研究。笔者对HEV编码蛋白和HEV RdRp的结构与功能进行阐述,总结目前发现的对HEV有抑制作用的RdRp抑制剂,以期为HEV的药物开发提供一种新的思路。展开更多
A rhodamine-benzimidazole conjugate (RB) as a probe was investigated. UV-Vis analysis showed that a strong absorption band at 552 nm was formed with the addition of Cu^2+, while other transition metal ions induced ...A rhodamine-benzimidazole conjugate (RB) as a probe was investigated. UV-Vis analysis showed that a strong absorption band at 552 nm was formed with the addition of Cu^2+, while other transition metal ions induced a little more absorption. The absorption value of RB solution at 552 nm has a linear correlation with Cu^2+ concentration between 35-70 μmol/L; the detection limit reached 6.82x 10-2 gmol/L, which is lower than the settled limitation for copper in the drinking water (-30 μmol/L) standardized by World Health Organization (WHO). Moreover, FL analysis showed that only Fe^3+ could induce large fluorescence intensity enhance- ment at 582 nm; other common metal ions including Cu^2+ cannot induce the enhancement. There was a good linear correlation be Fe^3+ tween relatwe fluorescence ntenslty and Fe concentration ranging from 2 μmol/L to 20 μmol/L, and the detection limit reached 1.70×10^-2 μmol/L. The results showed that RB could detect Cu^2+ and Fe^3+ simultaneously, with the UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively.展开更多
文摘戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)是一种主要通过粪-口途径传播的人兽共患病病原,被认为是引起人类急性肝炎的主要原因之一。HEV可被分为8种基因型,各基因型的分布与地域和工业化水平有关,其中HEV-3与HEV-4具有人兽共患的传播能力,能造成人类和各种动物宿主的感染。除人类外,猪是HEV最常见的宿主,随着研究的深入,发现HEV的宿主呈现多样性,包括牛、羊、鹿、兔和骆驼等多种动物,且各动物宿主之间存在跨物种传播的可能。HEV的跨物种传播是在人类和动物宿主频繁交流的过程中,通过适应性进化而形成的,受到宿主细胞受体和细胞因子的特异性差异限制。HEV基因重组有利于适应宿主的新毒株出现,也可能促进新的传播途径,从而促进HEV跨物种传播。通过对HEV传播途径的研究发现,基因型不同,传播途径也有所差异,而食用携带HEV的动物产品,特别是未煮熟的动物产品是造成人类感染HEV-3和HEV-4的主要原因。此外,水源的污染、职业暴露、输血与器官移植同样是HEV的重要传播途径。针对各种潜在的传播途径,可采取相关的防控手段对HEV进行预防,包括对动物食品进行充分的加热以灭活HEV、对水源进行消毒和净化、做好职业防护和疫苗注射等。为更好地了解和掌握HEV的流行规律,各地应加强对HEV的监测,并制定相关的防控策略。笔者从HEV病原学、跨物种感染和防控技术等方面进行综述,以期促进人们对HEV跨物种传播的深入认识并为HEV的防控提供参考。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(20901063,51203127)Wuhan Chenguang Scheme(Grant 201050231049)established under Wuhan Science and Technology BureauOutstanding youth project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(20121509)
文摘A rhodamine-benzimidazole conjugate (RB) as a probe was investigated. UV-Vis analysis showed that a strong absorption band at 552 nm was formed with the addition of Cu^2+, while other transition metal ions induced a little more absorption. The absorption value of RB solution at 552 nm has a linear correlation with Cu^2+ concentration between 35-70 μmol/L; the detection limit reached 6.82x 10-2 gmol/L, which is lower than the settled limitation for copper in the drinking water (-30 μmol/L) standardized by World Health Organization (WHO). Moreover, FL analysis showed that only Fe^3+ could induce large fluorescence intensity enhance- ment at 582 nm; other common metal ions including Cu^2+ cannot induce the enhancement. There was a good linear correlation be Fe^3+ tween relatwe fluorescence ntenslty and Fe concentration ranging from 2 μmol/L to 20 μmol/L, and the detection limit reached 1.70×10^-2 μmol/L. The results showed that RB could detect Cu^2+ and Fe^3+ simultaneously, with the UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively.