评价草铵膦、丙炔氟草胺及其混剂对砂糖橘园杂草的防除效果及其安全性。田间试验结果表明,用600 g a. i./hm^2200 g/L草铵膦水剂、675 g a. i./hm^245%丙炔氟草胺悬浮剂及396 g a. i./hm^266%氟草·草铵膦可湿性粉剂喷施14 d后,对...评价草铵膦、丙炔氟草胺及其混剂对砂糖橘园杂草的防除效果及其安全性。田间试验结果表明,用600 g a. i./hm^2200 g/L草铵膦水剂、675 g a. i./hm^245%丙炔氟草胺悬浮剂及396 g a. i./hm^266%氟草·草铵膦可湿性粉剂喷施14 d后,对砂糖橘园阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草的鲜质量防效均在95%以上,因此值得在南方砂糖橘园推广使用,尤其是混剂能改善对阔叶类杂草的防效。进一步用叶绿素荧光技术测定了3种药剂低于正常使用剂量喷雾对砂糖橘叶片的影响,结果表明3种药剂对砂糖橘叶绿素荧光参数均有不同程度的影响,其危害程度表现为66%氟草·草铵膦可湿性粉剂> 45%丙炔氟草胺悬浮剂> 200 g/L草铵膦水剂。因此,3种试验药剂均存在一定的安全风险,在使用过程中应避免药液飘移至果树上。展开更多
The rapid detection of glyphosate resistance in goosegrass（Eleusine indica） will enhance our ability to respond to new resistant populations of this major weed. Chlorophyll fluorescence（Fluo） and P700（reaction ce...The rapid detection of glyphosate resistance in goosegrass（Eleusine indica） will enhance our ability to respond to new resistant populations of this major weed. Chlorophyll fluorescence（Fluo） and P700（reaction center chlorophyll of photosystem I） absorbance were analyzed in one biotype of goosegrass that is resistant to glyphosate and in another that remains sensitive to the herbicide. Both biotypes were treated with a foliar spray of glyphosate. Differences in photosystem II maximum quantum yield（Fv/Fm）, effective photochemical quantum yield（Y（II））, and non-photochemical quenching（NPQ） between the biotypes increased over time. Values for Fv/Fm and Y（II） differed between the two biotypes 24 h after treatment（HAT）. Differentiated activities and energy dissipation processes of photosystem II（PSII） and energy dissipation processes of photosystem I（PSI） were manifested in the two biotypes 24 HAT with 20 mmol L–1 glyphosate. Differentiated energy dissipation processes of PSI were still apparent 24 HAT with 200 mmol L–1 glyphosate. These results indicate that the Fluo parameters related to PSII activity and energy dissipation and the P700 parameters related to energy dissipation are suitable indicators that enable rapid detection of glyphosate resistance in goosegrass.展开更多
Glyphosate inhibits the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase(EPSPS)and overexpression of the EPSPS gene is one of the molecular mechanisms conferring glyphosate resistance in weeds.A regulatory sequence ...Glyphosate inhibits the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase(EPSPS)and overexpression of the EPSPS gene is one of the molecular mechanisms conferring glyphosate resistance in weeds.A regulatory sequence of EPSPS gene was isolated previously,and an alteration in its 5´-untranslated region(UTR)pyrimidine(Py)-rich stretch element is involved in the regulation of EPSPS expression in glyphosate-resistant(GR)Eleusine indica.However,the transcription factors involved in this regulatory sequence remain to be elucidated.In this study,we investigated the regulatory network of EPSPS overexpression associated genes in a GR E.indica population by RNA-seq.The differentially expressed transcript analyses revealed that glyphosate treatment caused an increase in the expression of 2752 unigenes and a decrease in the expression of 4025 unigenes in the GR E.indica,compared to the glyphosatesusceptible(GS)E.indica.Among them,1373 unigenes were identified to be co-expressed with the EPSPS gene in GR E.indica.GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed that the up-regulated unigenes were mainly enriched in chloroplasts and associated with the shikimate biosynthesis pathway,chlorophy II and peroxisome metabolism processes.Notably,the expression of a Shikimate kinase which catalyzed the conversion of Shikimate to Shikimate 3-phosphate(S3P,a substrate of EPSPS),was also up-regulated.Eight transcription factors were identified as likely to be involved in the regulation of the EPSPS expression,and three of them(ARF2,ARF8 and BPC6)showed more binding sites because of a(CT)n insertion of the 5´-UTR Py-rich stretch element in GR.However,the yeast one-hybrid assay illustrated that ARF8 and BPC6 could bind to the 5´-UTR Py-rich stretch element of wild type EPSPS,but could not bind to the mutated form.Our data suggests that the transcriptional regulation of EPSPS expression is complex and was significantly altered in GR E.indica.These discoveries provide new references for further study of the EPSPS overexpression mechanism that endows glyphosate resistance.展开更多
研究30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在甜玉米田的应用效果,在甜玉米不同叶龄期开展田间试验,评价其对杂草的防除效果及对甜玉米的安全性。结果表明,30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在甜玉米...研究30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在甜玉米田的应用效果,在甜玉米不同叶龄期开展田间试验,评价其对杂草的防除效果及对甜玉米的安全性。结果表明,30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在甜玉米3~4叶期或6~7叶期施药,900~1575 g a.i./hm^2剂量范围内对甜玉米品种粤甜28安全,对玉米田常见杂草凹头苋、光头稗、马唐和香附子的防效及增产效果均显著高于对照药剂38%莠去津悬浮剂2160 g a.i./hm^2播后苗前处理。推荐30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在900~1350 g a.i./hm^2范围内,甜玉米3~5叶期茎叶喷雾使用。展开更多
文摘评价草铵膦、丙炔氟草胺及其混剂对砂糖橘园杂草的防除效果及其安全性。田间试验结果表明,用600 g a. i./hm^2200 g/L草铵膦水剂、675 g a. i./hm^245%丙炔氟草胺悬浮剂及396 g a. i./hm^266%氟草·草铵膦可湿性粉剂喷施14 d后,对砂糖橘园阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草的鲜质量防效均在95%以上,因此值得在南方砂糖橘园推广使用,尤其是混剂能改善对阔叶类杂草的防效。进一步用叶绿素荧光技术测定了3种药剂低于正常使用剂量喷雾对砂糖橘叶片的影响,结果表明3种药剂对砂糖橘叶绿素荧光参数均有不同程度的影响,其危害程度表现为66%氟草·草铵膦可湿性粉剂> 45%丙炔氟草胺悬浮剂> 200 g/L草铵膦水剂。因此,3种试验药剂均存在一定的安全风险,在使用过程中应避免药液飘移至果树上。
基金supported by the Agricultural Research Project in Guangdong Province,China (2012A020100009)
文摘The rapid detection of glyphosate resistance in goosegrass（Eleusine indica） will enhance our ability to respond to new resistant populations of this major weed. Chlorophyll fluorescence（Fluo） and P700（reaction center chlorophyll of photosystem I） absorbance were analyzed in one biotype of goosegrass that is resistant to glyphosate and in another that remains sensitive to the herbicide. Both biotypes were treated with a foliar spray of glyphosate. Differences in photosystem II maximum quantum yield（Fv/Fm）, effective photochemical quantum yield（Y（II））, and non-photochemical quenching（NPQ） between the biotypes increased over time. Values for Fv/Fm and Y（II） differed between the two biotypes 24 h after treatment（HAT）. Differentiated activities and energy dissipation processes of photosystem II（PSII） and energy dissipation processes of photosystem I（PSI） were manifested in the two biotypes 24 HAT with 20 mmol L–1 glyphosate. Differentiated energy dissipation processes of PSI were still apparent 24 HAT with 200 mmol L–1 glyphosate. These results indicate that the Fluo parameters related to PSII activity and energy dissipation and the P700 parameters related to energy dissipation are suitable indicators that enable rapid detection of glyphosate resistance in goosegrass.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871984)the Guangdong Provincial National Natural Science Foundation,China(2017B030311006)+1 种基金the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province,China(2019B121201003)the special fund for Scientific Innovation Strategy-Construction of High Level Academy of Agriculture Science,China(202105TD,R2020PYJX005).
文摘Glyphosate inhibits the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase(EPSPS)and overexpression of the EPSPS gene is one of the molecular mechanisms conferring glyphosate resistance in weeds.A regulatory sequence of EPSPS gene was isolated previously,and an alteration in its 5´-untranslated region(UTR)pyrimidine(Py)-rich stretch element is involved in the regulation of EPSPS expression in glyphosate-resistant(GR)Eleusine indica.However,the transcription factors involved in this regulatory sequence remain to be elucidated.In this study,we investigated the regulatory network of EPSPS overexpression associated genes in a GR E.indica population by RNA-seq.The differentially expressed transcript analyses revealed that glyphosate treatment caused an increase in the expression of 2752 unigenes and a decrease in the expression of 4025 unigenes in the GR E.indica,compared to the glyphosatesusceptible(GS)E.indica.Among them,1373 unigenes were identified to be co-expressed with the EPSPS gene in GR E.indica.GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed that the up-regulated unigenes were mainly enriched in chloroplasts and associated with the shikimate biosynthesis pathway,chlorophy II and peroxisome metabolism processes.Notably,the expression of a Shikimate kinase which catalyzed the conversion of Shikimate to Shikimate 3-phosphate(S3P,a substrate of EPSPS),was also up-regulated.Eight transcription factors were identified as likely to be involved in the regulation of the EPSPS expression,and three of them(ARF2,ARF8 and BPC6)showed more binding sites because of a(CT)n insertion of the 5´-UTR Py-rich stretch element in GR.However,the yeast one-hybrid assay illustrated that ARF8 and BPC6 could bind to the 5´-UTR Py-rich stretch element of wild type EPSPS,but could not bind to the mutated form.Our data suggests that the transcriptional regulation of EPSPS expression is complex and was significantly altered in GR E.indica.These discoveries provide new references for further study of the EPSPS overexpression mechanism that endows glyphosate resistance.
文摘研究30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在甜玉米田的应用效果,在甜玉米不同叶龄期开展田间试验,评价其对杂草的防除效果及对甜玉米的安全性。结果表明,30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在甜玉米3~4叶期或6~7叶期施药,900~1575 g a.i./hm^2剂量范围内对甜玉米品种粤甜28安全,对玉米田常见杂草凹头苋、光头稗、马唐和香附子的防效及增产效果均显著高于对照药剂38%莠去津悬浮剂2160 g a.i./hm^2播后苗前处理。推荐30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在900~1350 g a.i./hm^2范围内,甜玉米3~5叶期茎叶喷雾使用。
