温度和降水对蔬菜烟粉虱的影响

为了探讨温度胁迫和降水对蔬菜烟粉虱种群的影响,分别利用冬季零度以下的低温、夏季高温闷棚,以及降水量和降水程度与烟粉虱种群数量的关系,研究温度和降水对蔬菜烟粉虱的种群影响。结果发现,冬季低温强度和低温时间对翌年烟粉虱的种群数量有明显的影响,温度越低、低温时间越长,翌年春夏烟粉虱的种群数量越低。翌年春夏烟粉虱的种群数量和低温当量的相关关系符合下列方程:y=-63.16ln(x)+177.2(R^2=0.9102)。夏季高温闷棚后棚内温度迅速上升,闷棚1 d后,棚内地面以上10 cm的空气最高温度迅速上升到63.97℃,此后5 d闷棚期间最高温度一直保持在64℃以上;闷棚1 d后,辣椒上烟粉虱的虫口减退率达到60.41%,处理5 d后成虫全部死亡。闷棚后棚内土温迅速上升,闷棚1 d后,地下20 cm处的温度达到了39.53℃,随着闷棚时间的延长,土温一直保持在40℃以上。降雨量和降雨时间对烟粉虱种群数量有明显的影响,降雨量3.33 mm/12 h的烟粉虱的虫口减退率达到84.72%,11.67 mm/12 h的烟粉虱的虫口减退率达到96.32%。3.33 mm/12 h的降雨强度处理下,处理1.5 h、2.0 h后烟粉虱的虫口减退率分别为92.93%和95.42%。结果表明,冬季低温、夏季高温和降水对蔬菜烟粉虱种群数量有抑制作用。

转Bt基因抗虫棉对盛花期低温淹水胁迫的响应及机理

通过人工气候室对转Bt基因抗虫棉GK22和其亲本进行低温胁迫处理,研究了花铃期低温淹水、低温常水、常温淹水胁迫后叶片光合性能、生理活性、毒蛋白、株型、产量和产量构成的变化.结果表明,低温、淹水和低温淹水3个处理中,以低温淹水产生的影响最大,其次是淹水,低温影响相对较轻;胁迫后叶片的光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和胞间CO_2浓度等光合性能指标显著下降;叶片可溶性蛋白、毒蛋白表达量等生理活性指标也明显降低,但MDA含量显著增加;果枝长度、果节间长度显著下降;与对照相比,胁迫处理的产量显著降低,产量构成中单株成铃数受到的影响最大.

Effects of External Chemical Regulation on Bt Transgenic Cotton Plants under Combined Stress of High Temperature and Water Deficit

[Objective] The study aimed to find a possible way to combat or alleviate the negative effects caused by high temperature and water deficit at the growth stage of peak boll-setting.[Method] With Bt transgenic cotton GK22 as the test cultivar,a potted experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the regulation of external substances(the water solutions of pix,urea and their mixture) on the physiological parameters,insecticidal protein content,yield and yield component of cotton plants in artificial climate chambers treated with high temperature and water deficit.[Result] The application of external pix,urea or their mixture was effective in stabilizing the physiological parameters of cotton plants,insecticidal protein content,yield and yield components.Compared with the exclusive application of pix and urea,the mixture of pix and urea played the most effective role in stabilizing the content of chlorophyll,soluble sugar and insecticidal protein,alleviating the increase of the content of free amino acids and proline,and increasing boll number per plant,boll weight and seed cotton yield.[Conclusion] The water solutions of pix,urea or their mixtures can be used to combat or alleviate the stress of high temperature and water deficit if they are sprayed onto cotton plants prior to stress occurrence.