公共卫生硕士(master of public health,MPH)专业学位教育注重人才的实际应用能力和职业技能的培养,这是MPH专业学位培养面临的核心瓶颈问题,尤其在理论教学环节中,如何贯穿"实践技能和职业能力"培养理念,避免理论与实践的脱...公共卫生硕士(master of public health,MPH)专业学位教育注重人才的实际应用能力和职业技能的培养,这是MPH专业学位培养面临的核心瓶颈问题,尤其在理论教学环节中,如何贯穿"实践技能和职业能力"培养理念,避免理论与实践的脱节,更是MPH学位教育十分重要但却常常被忽视的重要问题。本研究以吉林大学全日制MPH学生"卫生事业管理学"课程教学为例,总结了关于课程教学的五大要点,为提高MPH理论教学质量提供参考和建议。展开更多
Lake eutrophication caused by excess phosphorus （P） loading from point sources （PS） and nonpoint sources （NPS） is a persistent and serious ecological problem in China. A phosphorus budget, based on material flow...Lake eutrophication caused by excess phosphorus （P） loading from point sources （PS） and nonpoint sources （NPS） is a persistent and serious ecological problem in China. A phosphorus budget, based on material flow analysis（MFA） and system dynamic （SD）, is proposed and applied for the agriculture-dominated Qionghai Lake watershed located in southwestern China. The MFA-SD approach will not only cover the transporting process of P in the lake-watershed ecosystems, but also can deal with the changes of P budget due to the dynamics of watershed. P inflows include the fertilizer for agricultural croplands, soil losses, domestic sewage discharges, and the atmospheric disposition such as precipitation and dust sinking. Outflows are consisted of hydrologic export, water resources development, fishery and aquatic plants harvesting. The internal P recycling processes are also considered in this paper. From 1988 to 2015, the total P inflows for Lake Qionghai are in a rapid increase from 35.65 to 78.73 t/a, which results in the rising of P concentration in the lake. Among the total P load 2015, agricultural loss and domestic sewage account for 70.60% and 17.27% respectively, directly related to the rapid social-economic development and the swift urbanization. Future management programs designed to reduce P inputs must be put into practices in the coming years to ensure the ecosystem health in the watershed.展开更多
文摘公共卫生硕士(master of public health,MPH)专业学位教育注重人才的实际应用能力和职业技能的培养,这是MPH专业学位培养面临的核心瓶颈问题,尤其在理论教学环节中,如何贯穿"实践技能和职业能力"培养理念,避免理论与实践的脱节,更是MPH学位教育十分重要但却常常被忽视的重要问题。本研究以吉林大学全日制MPH学生"卫生事业管理学"课程教学为例,总结了关于课程教学的五大要点,为提高MPH理论教学质量提供参考和建议。
基金The Hi-Tech Research and Development Program(863) of China(No. 2002AA601021) the National Basic Research Program(973) ofChina(No. 2005CB724205) Xichang Government, Sichuan Province
文摘Lake eutrophication caused by excess phosphorus （P） loading from point sources （PS） and nonpoint sources （NPS） is a persistent and serious ecological problem in China. A phosphorus budget, based on material flow analysis（MFA） and system dynamic （SD）, is proposed and applied for the agriculture-dominated Qionghai Lake watershed located in southwestern China. The MFA-SD approach will not only cover the transporting process of P in the lake-watershed ecosystems, but also can deal with the changes of P budget due to the dynamics of watershed. P inflows include the fertilizer for agricultural croplands, soil losses, domestic sewage discharges, and the atmospheric disposition such as precipitation and dust sinking. Outflows are consisted of hydrologic export, water resources development, fishery and aquatic plants harvesting. The internal P recycling processes are also considered in this paper. From 1988 to 2015, the total P inflows for Lake Qionghai are in a rapid increase from 35.65 to 78.73 t/a, which results in the rising of P concentration in the lake. Among the total P load 2015, agricultural loss and domestic sewage account for 70.60% and 17.27% respectively, directly related to the rapid social-economic development and the swift urbanization. Future management programs designed to reduce P inputs must be put into practices in the coming years to ensure the ecosystem health in the watershed.
