Grapevine(Vitis spp.)is one of the most economically important fruit crops worldwide,and there is considerable interest in improving its major agronomic and enological traits in response to ever-changing agricultural ...Grapevine(Vitis spp.)is one of the most economically important fruit crops worldwide,and there is considerable interest in improving its major agronomic and enological traits in response to ever-changing agricultural environments and consumer demands.Molecular genetic techniques in particular,associated with rapid technological advancements,provide an attractive alternative to conventional breeding approaches for developing new grapevine varieties with enhanced yield performance,quality,stress tolerance and disease resistance.To date,several grapevine varieties have been transformed with genes associated with diverse functions through biolistic bombardment and/or Agrobacterium-mediated transformation,and transgenic grape lines have been obtained using established regeneration systems.Nevertheless,a wide range of factors,including genotype,explant source and culture medium,have been shown to affect the efficiency of plant regeneration.Moreover,the selection and use of acceptor materials,bacterial strain and cell density,selectable markers and selection methods also influence transformation efficiency.This paper provides an overview of recent advances in grapevine regeneration and genetic transformation and in-depth discussion of the major limiting factors,and discusses promising future strategies to develop robust plant regeneration and genetic transformation in grapevine.展开更多
Auto CAD是目前国际上广为流行的绘图工具,它可以用于绘制二维制图和基本三维设计,广泛应用于土木建设、工程制图等方面,也可以应用于机场建设和管理中.在机场净空课程教学过程中,没有相关图形软件的支持,学生普遍存在理解困难,计算能...Auto CAD是目前国际上广为流行的绘图工具,它可以用于绘制二维制图和基本三维设计,广泛应用于土木建设、工程制图等方面,也可以应用于机场建设和管理中.在机场净空课程教学过程中,没有相关图形软件的支持,学生普遍存在理解困难,计算能力和应用能力无从实现的情况,通过探讨和实践,选择Auto CAD软件作为辅助教学工具,取得了良好的效果.展开更多
Background Human embryonic stem cells can propagate indefinitely in vitro and are able to differentiate into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers. The excitement surrounding human embryonic stem cells lies l...Background Human embryonic stem cells can propagate indefinitely in vitro and are able to differentiate into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers. The excitement surrounding human embryonic stem cells lies largely in their potential to produce specialized cells that can be used for transplant therapies. However, further investigation requires additional cell lines with varying genetic background. Therefore, efforts to derive and establish more human embryonic stern cell lines are highly warranted. Methods Surplus embryos （blastocysts） from donors were used to isolate the inner cell mass by immunosurgery. All cells were cultured continuously on irradiated murine embryonic fibroblasts feed layer and likely human embryonic stem cell colonies were subsequently characterized by cell surface marker staining, karyotyping and teratoma formation. Results Two human embryonic stern cell lines （SYSU-1 and SYSU-2） were established from surplus embryos. The two lines express several pluripotency markers including alkaline phosphatase, SSEA- 4, Tra-1-60, Oct-4, Nanog and Rex-1. They remain in undifferentiated state with normal karyotype after prolonged passages and can form embryoid bodies in vitro and teratoma in vivo. Conclusion Two new human embryonic stem cell lines have been established from surplus embryos. They can be used to understand selfrenewal and differentiating mechanisms and provide more choices for regenerative medicine.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1603234)the 948 Project from the Ministry of Agriculture of China(2012-S12)+1 种基金the Project for the Key Science and Technology Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province,China(2013KCT-25)the Key Research and Development Plan of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(2019BEF02005)。
文摘Grapevine(Vitis spp.)is one of the most economically important fruit crops worldwide,and there is considerable interest in improving its major agronomic and enological traits in response to ever-changing agricultural environments and consumer demands.Molecular genetic techniques in particular,associated with rapid technological advancements,provide an attractive alternative to conventional breeding approaches for developing new grapevine varieties with enhanced yield performance,quality,stress tolerance and disease resistance.To date,several grapevine varieties have been transformed with genes associated with diverse functions through biolistic bombardment and/or Agrobacterium-mediated transformation,and transgenic grape lines have been obtained using established regeneration systems.Nevertheless,a wide range of factors,including genotype,explant source and culture medium,have been shown to affect the efficiency of plant regeneration.Moreover,the selection and use of acceptor materials,bacterial strain and cell density,selectable markers and selection methods also influence transformation efficiency.This paper provides an overview of recent advances in grapevine regeneration and genetic transformation and in-depth discussion of the major limiting factors,and discusses promising future strategies to develop robust plant regeneration and genetic transformation in grapevine.
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） （No. 2001CB509904） the Key Scientific and Technological Projects of Guangdong Province （No. 2003A3020103, 2005A30201001）+1 种基金 the Key Scientific and Technological Projects of Guangzhou City （No. 2002U13E0011） National Natural Science Foundation of China （No 30571891, 30671023）.
文摘Background Human embryonic stem cells can propagate indefinitely in vitro and are able to differentiate into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers. The excitement surrounding human embryonic stem cells lies largely in their potential to produce specialized cells that can be used for transplant therapies. However, further investigation requires additional cell lines with varying genetic background. Therefore, efforts to derive and establish more human embryonic stern cell lines are highly warranted. Methods Surplus embryos （blastocysts） from donors were used to isolate the inner cell mass by immunosurgery. All cells were cultured continuously on irradiated murine embryonic fibroblasts feed layer and likely human embryonic stem cell colonies were subsequently characterized by cell surface marker staining, karyotyping and teratoma formation. Results Two human embryonic stern cell lines （SYSU-1 and SYSU-2） were established from surplus embryos. The two lines express several pluripotency markers including alkaline phosphatase, SSEA- 4, Tra-1-60, Oct-4, Nanog and Rex-1. They remain in undifferentiated state with normal karyotype after prolonged passages and can form embryoid bodies in vitro and teratoma in vivo. Conclusion Two new human embryonic stem cell lines have been established from surplus embryos. They can be used to understand selfrenewal and differentiating mechanisms and provide more choices for regenerative medicine.
