The authors introduced two kinds of newly found soft-sediment deformation-synsedimentary extension structure and syn-sedimentary compression structure, and discuss their origins and constraints on basin tectonic evolu...The authors introduced two kinds of newly found soft-sediment deformation-synsedimentary extension structure and syn-sedimentary compression structure, and discuss their origins and constraints on basin tectonic evolution. One representative of the syn-sedimentary extension structure is syn-sedimentary boudinage structure, while the typical example of the syn-sedimentary compression structure is compression sand pillows or compression wrinkles. The former shows NW-SE-trendlng contemporaneous extension events related to earthquakes in the rift basin near a famous Fe-Nb-REE deposit in northern China during the Early Paleozoic （or Mesoproterozoic as proposed by some researches）, while the latter indicates NE-SW-trending contemporaneous compression activities related to earthquakes in the Middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang remnant basin covering south Guizhou, northwestern Guangxi and eastern Yunnan in southwestern China. The syn-sedimentary boudinage structure was found in an earthquake slump block in the lower part of the Early Paleozoic Sailinhudong Group, 20 km to the southeast of Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, north of China. The slump block is composed of two kinds of very thin layers-pale-gray micrite （microcrystalline limestone） of 1-2 cm thick interbedded with gray muddy micrite layers with the similar thickness. Almost every thin muddy micrite layer was cut into imbricate blocks or boudins by abundant tiny contemporaneous faults, while the interbedded micrite remain in continuity. Boudins form as a response to layer-parallel extension （and/or layer-perpendicular flattening） of stiff layers enveloped top and bottom by mechanically soft layers. In this case, the imbricate blocks cut by the tiny contemporaneous faults are the result of abrupt horizontal extension of the crust in the SE-NW direction accompanied with earthquakes. Thus, the rock block is, in fact, a kind of seismites. The syn-sedimentary boudins indicate that there was at least a strong earthquake belt on the southeast side of the basin during the early stage of the Sailinhudong Group. This may be a good constraint on the tectonic evolution of the Bayan Obo area during the Early Paleozoic time. The syn-sedimentary compression structure was found in the Middle Triassic flysch in the Nanpanjiang Basin. The typical structures are compression sand pillows and compression wrinkles. Both of them were found on the bottoms of sand units and the top surface of the underlying mud units. In other words, the structures were found only in the interfaces between the graded sand layer and the underlying mud layer of the flysch. A deformation experiment with dough was conducted, showing that the tectonic deformation must have been instantaneous one accompanied by earthquakes. The compression sand pillows or wrinkles showed uniform directions along the bottoms of the sand layer in the flysch, revealing contemporaneous horizontal compression during the time between deposition and diagenesis of the related beds. The Nanpanjiang Basin was affected, in general, with SSW-NNE compression during the Middle Triassic, according to the syn-sedimentary compression structure. The two kinds of syn-sedimentary tectonic deformation also indicate that the related basins belong to a rift basin and a remnant basin, respectively, in the model of Wilson Cycle.展开更多
Cadmium（Cd） is a scarce, but not an extremely rare element in the Earth＇s crust（crustal average： 0.2 ppm Cd）. Geochemically, Cd exhibits thiophile, lithophile, and volatile behavior in different geologic process...Cadmium（Cd） is a scarce, but not an extremely rare element in the Earth＇s crust（crustal average： 0.2 ppm Cd）. Geochemically, Cd exhibits thiophile, lithophile, and volatile behavior in different geologic processes. Biologically, it is a nutrient-like element that is closely related to P and Zn and is toxic element to organisms. Presently, Cd isotopes have been successfully utilized to trace Cd sources and nutrient cycling in marine systems in addition to unearthing other geochemical processes. Using published studies and our recent work, this survey summarizes the chemical preparation and mass spectrometry of Cd isotopes. It also reviews Cd isotopic compositions and fractionation mechanisms in nature as well as experiments.展开更多
During October 24th-26th of 2018, the International Symposium on Deep Earth Exploration and Application was held in Beijing, China (Fig. 1). More than 300 experts from more than 20 countries and regions participated i...During October 24th-26th of 2018, the International Symposium on Deep Earth Exploration and Application was held in Beijing, China (Fig. 1). More than 300 experts from more than 20 countries and regions participated in the symposium. Well-known experts were invited to discuss important topics such as the evolution of the continents, the rheology of the lower crust, the deep carbon cycle, plate tectonics, deep seismic exploration.展开更多
During 2016-2017,both the supply and demand of China’s main mineral resources continued to grow.The import of major energy resources and metal ore resources,such as iron ores,crude oil,natural gas,coal and bauxite,ex...During 2016-2017,both the supply and demand of China’s main mineral resources continued to grow.The import of major energy resources and metal ore resources,such as iron ores,crude oil,natural gas,coal and bauxite,except for copper,has shown a substantial increase(Table1).In order to guarantee economic development needs,the展开更多
In recent years,with China＇s continuous investment in shale gas exploration and the continuous efforts of scientific workers,China’s shale gas exploration and development has achieved leap-forward development.In2011...In recent years,with China＇s continuous investment in shale gas exploration and the continuous efforts of scientific workers,China’s shale gas exploration and development has achieved leap-forward development.In2011,China＇s State Council approved shale gas as a new mineral resource.In 2014,shale gas was first proved at geological reserves of 106.8 billion m^3.展开更多
The China Geological Survey has annually invested tens of billions of yuan in China’s geological surveys in order to set up ten major plans, 60 programs and more than 400 projects, which will deliver hundreds of geol...The China Geological Survey has annually invested tens of billions of yuan in China’s geological surveys in order to set up ten major plans, 60 programs and more than 400 projects, which will deliver hundreds of geological survey results every year. In early 2019, the China Geological Survey organized relevant experts to select ten major achievements among the completed projects of 2018.展开更多
(1)Major scientific and technological innovations have been made in the Deep Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin,Well Songke 2 has a drilling depth of 7018 m.The large-bore coring technology ...(1)Major scientific and technological innovations have been made in the Deep Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin,Well Songke 2 has a drilling depth of 7018 m.The large-bore coring technology system for ultra-deep wells has overcome major technical problems in deep exploration of the earth,such as ultra-high temperature drilling technology,and has created four world records.Two kinds of clean energy sources with a good exploration and development potential,i.e..展开更多
During 2018,Chinese geoscientists made many breakthroughs in shale gas geological exploration,nonferrous polymetallic ore exploration and non-metallic ore exploration by constantly trying new methods,new technologies ...During 2018,Chinese geoscientists made many breakthroughs in shale gas geological exploration,nonferrous polymetallic ore exploration and non-metallic ore exploration by constantly trying new methods,new technologies and new hypotheses and testing theories in prospecting research.These breakthroughs focus mainly on the following aspects:(1)The Weirong shale gas field in the Sichuan Basin has proved 100 billion m^3 level deep shale gas.展开更多
At present, China’s economic development is in a period of great transformation and revolution. China’s gross domestic product(GDP) has dropped from the former 10% to about 6.5%, and the economy has entered a new st...At present, China’s economic development is in a period of great transformation and revolution. China’s gross domestic product(GDP) has dropped from the former 10% to about 6.5%, and the economy has entered a new steady development stage. In addition, China’s large-scale infrastructure construction, such as railway, highway, airport, wharf, urban transportation and residential housing, has been basically completed. The demand for mineral resources in the whole society has been flat and展开更多
Graphite is a rare and important nonmetallic mineral. Till 2017, the global graphite resource reserves had exceeded one billion tons, which are mainly distributed in China （0.45 billion tons）, Mozambique （0.14 bill...Graphite is a rare and important nonmetallic mineral. Till 2017, the global graphite resource reserves had exceeded one billion tons, which are mainly distributed in China （0.45 billion tons）, Mozambique （0.14 billion tons）, Madagascar （0.1 billion tons）, Turkey （0.09 billion tons）, Brazil （0.07 billion tons）, and Tanzania （0.07 billion tons）. These six countries include about 92% of the global graphite resource reserves, of which China accounts for about 45% of the world＇s total resource reserves.展开更多
For thousands of years,a large number of peripheral rivers have been flowing into deserts,the water from which then will infiltrate underground or evaporate into the air.When desert sand engulfs and humans retreat,pre...For thousands of years,a large number of peripheral rivers have been flowing into deserts,the water from which then will infiltrate underground or evaporate into the air.When desert sand engulfs and humans retreat,precious freshwater resources lie dormant all the year round,making almost no contribution to human progress.展开更多
基金This paper was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.40272049)Doctor Research Foundation of China University of Petroleum(Project No.Y020109).
文摘The authors introduced two kinds of newly found soft-sediment deformation-synsedimentary extension structure and syn-sedimentary compression structure, and discuss their origins and constraints on basin tectonic evolution. One representative of the syn-sedimentary extension structure is syn-sedimentary boudinage structure, while the typical example of the syn-sedimentary compression structure is compression sand pillows or compression wrinkles. The former shows NW-SE-trendlng contemporaneous extension events related to earthquakes in the rift basin near a famous Fe-Nb-REE deposit in northern China during the Early Paleozoic （or Mesoproterozoic as proposed by some researches）, while the latter indicates NE-SW-trending contemporaneous compression activities related to earthquakes in the Middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang remnant basin covering south Guizhou, northwestern Guangxi and eastern Yunnan in southwestern China. The syn-sedimentary boudinage structure was found in an earthquake slump block in the lower part of the Early Paleozoic Sailinhudong Group, 20 km to the southeast of Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, north of China. The slump block is composed of two kinds of very thin layers-pale-gray micrite （microcrystalline limestone） of 1-2 cm thick interbedded with gray muddy micrite layers with the similar thickness. Almost every thin muddy micrite layer was cut into imbricate blocks or boudins by abundant tiny contemporaneous faults, while the interbedded micrite remain in continuity. Boudins form as a response to layer-parallel extension （and/or layer-perpendicular flattening） of stiff layers enveloped top and bottom by mechanically soft layers. In this case, the imbricate blocks cut by the tiny contemporaneous faults are the result of abrupt horizontal extension of the crust in the SE-NW direction accompanied with earthquakes. Thus, the rock block is, in fact, a kind of seismites. The syn-sedimentary boudins indicate that there was at least a strong earthquake belt on the southeast side of the basin during the early stage of the Sailinhudong Group. This may be a good constraint on the tectonic evolution of the Bayan Obo area during the Early Paleozoic time. The syn-sedimentary compression structure was found in the Middle Triassic flysch in the Nanpanjiang Basin. The typical structures are compression sand pillows and compression wrinkles. Both of them were found on the bottoms of sand units and the top surface of the underlying mud units. In other words, the structures were found only in the interfaces between the graded sand layer and the underlying mud layer of the flysch. A deformation experiment with dough was conducted, showing that the tectonic deformation must have been instantaneous one accompanied by earthquakes. The compression sand pillows or wrinkles showed uniform directions along the bottoms of the sand layer in the flysch, revealing contemporaneous horizontal compression during the time between deposition and diagenesis of the related beds. The Nanpanjiang Basin was affected, in general, with SSW-NNE compression during the Middle Triassic, according to the syn-sedimentary compression structure. The two kinds of syn-sedimentary tectonic deformation also indicate that the related basins belong to a rift basin and a remnant basin, respectively, in the model of Wilson Cycle.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41503011 40930425,41573007,41173026)973 Program(2014Cb440904)+1 种基金CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams(KZZD-EW-TZ-20)the 12th Five-Year Plan project of State Key Laboratory of Ore-deposit Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SKLODG-ZY125-07)
文摘Cadmium（Cd） is a scarce, but not an extremely rare element in the Earth＇s crust（crustal average： 0.2 ppm Cd）. Geochemically, Cd exhibits thiophile, lithophile, and volatile behavior in different geologic processes. Biologically, it is a nutrient-like element that is closely related to P and Zn and is toxic element to organisms. Presently, Cd isotopes have been successfully utilized to trace Cd sources and nutrient cycling in marine systems in addition to unearthing other geochemical processes. Using published studies and our recent work, this survey summarizes the chemical preparation and mass spectrometry of Cd isotopes. It also reviews Cd isotopic compositions and fractionation mechanisms in nature as well as experiments.
文摘During October 24th-26th of 2018, the International Symposium on Deep Earth Exploration and Application was held in Beijing, China (Fig. 1). More than 300 experts from more than 20 countries and regions participated in the symposium. Well-known experts were invited to discuss important topics such as the evolution of the continents, the rheology of the lower crust, the deep carbon cycle, plate tectonics, deep seismic exploration.
文摘During 2016-2017,both the supply and demand of China’s main mineral resources continued to grow.The import of major energy resources and metal ore resources,such as iron ores,crude oil,natural gas,coal and bauxite,except for copper,has shown a substantial increase(Table1).In order to guarantee economic development needs,the
文摘In recent years,with China＇s continuous investment in shale gas exploration and the continuous efforts of scientific workers,China’s shale gas exploration and development has achieved leap-forward development.In2011,China＇s State Council approved shale gas as a new mineral resource.In 2014,shale gas was first proved at geological reserves of 106.8 billion m^3.
文摘The China Geological Survey has annually invested tens of billions of yuan in China’s geological surveys in order to set up ten major plans, 60 programs and more than 400 projects, which will deliver hundreds of geological survey results every year. In early 2019, the China Geological Survey organized relevant experts to select ten major achievements among the completed projects of 2018.
文摘(1)Major scientific and technological innovations have been made in the Deep Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin,Well Songke 2 has a drilling depth of 7018 m.The large-bore coring technology system for ultra-deep wells has overcome major technical problems in deep exploration of the earth,such as ultra-high temperature drilling technology,and has created four world records.Two kinds of clean energy sources with a good exploration and development potential,i.e..
文摘During 2018,Chinese geoscientists made many breakthroughs in shale gas geological exploration,nonferrous polymetallic ore exploration and non-metallic ore exploration by constantly trying new methods,new technologies and new hypotheses and testing theories in prospecting research.These breakthroughs focus mainly on the following aspects:(1)The Weirong shale gas field in the Sichuan Basin has proved 100 billion m^3 level deep shale gas.
文摘At present, China’s economic development is in a period of great transformation and revolution. China’s gross domestic product(GDP) has dropped from the former 10% to about 6.5%, and the economy has entered a new steady development stage. In addition, China’s large-scale infrastructure construction, such as railway, highway, airport, wharf, urban transportation and residential housing, has been basically completed. The demand for mineral resources in the whole society has been flat and
文摘Graphite is a rare and important nonmetallic mineral. Till 2017, the global graphite resource reserves had exceeded one billion tons, which are mainly distributed in China （0.45 billion tons）, Mozambique （0.14 billion tons）, Madagascar （0.1 billion tons）, Turkey （0.09 billion tons）, Brazil （0.07 billion tons）, and Tanzania （0.07 billion tons）. These six countries include about 92% of the global graphite resource reserves, of which China accounts for about 45% of the world＇s total resource reserves.
文摘For thousands of years,a large number of peripheral rivers have been flowing into deserts,the water from which then will infiltrate underground or evaporate into the air.When desert sand engulfs and humans retreat,precious freshwater resources lie dormant all the year round,making almost no contribution to human progress.
