漾濞核桃物理特性测定及分析

为完善核桃精深加工设备,提高自动化生产效率,对云南漾濞核桃的三径尺寸、含水率、摩擦因数、质心及弹性模量基本物理参数进行测定,并对不同含水率的核桃进行准静态压缩试验,得到漾濞核桃的相关物理特性及与之相关的力学特性的数值。结果表明:漾濞核桃整体呈短圆;湿核桃的含水率在22.05%~31.32%,同时核桃的破壳力随着含水率的减小而减小;核桃以缝合线与平板接触的姿态在PVC人字纹面上的摩擦系数最大为0.53,在不锈钢面上的摩擦系数最小为0.38;三点测力法测出核桃的质心偏向于尖端方向;湿核桃的弹性模量大致在122.03~133.78 MPa,弹性模量随着含水率的降低呈先减后增的趋势。

基于定向挤压的核桃破壳有限元分析及破壳装置设计

针对目前核桃破壳机构适应性不强、破壳率不高、整仁率低的问题,从核桃破壳前定向预处理的视角,探索核桃在破壳加工前果体姿态定向处理对挤压破壳受力的影响因素。同时,以云南漾濞核桃为研究对象,通过3D扫描获取核桃三维实体模型,进行多组过静态压力有限元仿真试验,结果表明:在核桃果体上最佳受力区为核桃中线位置的横径方向,该位置受力最均匀、裂纹扩展效果最佳、最易破壳。基于有限元分析结果,设计出一次破壳与二次破壳相继进行的核桃定向破壳机构,并对核桃的破壳过程进行了力学分析,结果表明:破壳机构中弹簧的刚度系数及锤头旋转角度为影响核桃破壳的关键因素。研究结果可为核桃破壳设备的设计提供有创新意义的理论支撑。

益生菌饲料的营养特性及在养羊中的应用

用益生菌发酵饲料喂羊不但能提高其采食量和饲料的转化率,还能提高羊的生产性能,改善其肠道微生态环境,减少疾病等。本文介绍了益生菌饲料的营养特性及其在养羊中的应用情况,以期促进养羊业的健康稳步发展。

浅析新型发酵床生态养鸡技术

利用发酵床养鸡是运用多种有益微生物,快速的分解鸡的粪尿,是其达到无臭味、无污染、零排放的一种生态养鸡技术。新型发酵床养鸡具有可以反复多次利用垫料,且在高温高湿环境下发酵床不会发热的特点。主要介绍了发酵床养鸡原理、鸡(舍)棚建造、发酵床制作及日常管理等技术要点,供养殖者参考。

农业物料定向输送预处理技术研究进展

农业物料定向输送预处理技术是提高农产品加工自动化程度的重要手段,在农业物料进行加工之前进行姿态的固定,可以有效减少农产品加工过程的损伤率,提高农产品的加工效率。为此,分析国内农业物料定向输送预处理技术的研究进展,围绕对辊定向输送、振动定向输送、传动带定向输送等方法进行对比分析,阐明其定向机理及装备应用场合。通过对比分析可以看出当前我国农业物料定向预处理技术不够成熟,相关定向输送装置标准化程度低,适应性差,以及相关基础研究不足的问题。针对以上问题未来需要加强农产品物理特性研究,提高定向输送装置的适应性,同时采取多种定向输送预处理技术联合定向,提高农产品加工过程中定向的成功率。

环境丰富度对猪福利影响的探析

在工厂化养殖条件下,猪舍中往往缺乏可供猪拱、咬、蹭等材料,环境极度贫瘠,使猪的福利受到严重影响。就猪舍环境丰富度如玩具、垫料、声音、光照、气味等对猪福利的影响进行探析,为今后更加合理地利用环境丰富度改善猪只福利提供参考。

肉用种公鸡饲养管理的关键技术

掌握好肉用种公鸡的饲养管理技术是肉鸡业发展的重要任务。本文针对肉用种公鸡培育目标及选种要求,种公鸡育雏、育成和种用三阶段饲养管理的关键技术要点进行了介绍,为养好肉用种公鸡,充分发挥种公鸡的种用潜力,提高种用性能和经济效益提供参考。

飞机尾涡演变及快速预测的大涡模拟研究

随着我国人民生活水平的提高,航空运输的重要性与日俱增,航班延误问题也日益严重.尾流间隔(保障后机不受前机尾流影响的最小安全间隔)是制约机场效率的关键因素.针对这一工程应用问题,采用大涡模拟方法研究飞机尾涡在大气中的演变特性.研究工作首先发展了飞机尾涡演变的大涡模拟方法,将自适应网格技术应用于飞机尾涡演变的大涡模拟,大幅减少所需的网格量,提高计算效率.提出了升力面尾涡生成方法,在不增加计算量的情况下实现了尾涡卷起过程和远场衰减的组合模拟.在系列算例分析研究基础上,创建了基于大涡模拟计算结果的尾流间隔快速预测系统.该系统可以根据实时大气风场和进出港的前后飞机机型,快速预测并输出所需的尾流间隔.经过与场地测试数据比较表明,在北京市2014年的平均风速条件下,本系统预测的尾流间隔可在现有标准基础上缩减7%～50%,能够有效提高机场容量.

猪的福利养殖与研究进展

随着现代养猪业的不断发展,人们越来越关注猪的福利养殖.简述了猪的福利养殖概念及五大福利“自由”,主要针对养猪生产中,母猪的养殖福利,仔猪养殖福利,猪屠宰装载与运输福利,养猪环境中的声音福利及饲养员的行为福利诸方面进行了综述,希望能够为今后猪的福利养殖研究提供帮助.

浅析肉用种母鸡产蛋期的饲养技术

现代肉鸡生产中,养好种母鸡是肉鸡养殖的关键。阐述了肉用种母鸡产蛋期的生理特点及产蛋规律,对肉用种母鸡产蛋期的阶段饲养法和调整饲养法进行了探析。以期对规模化肉鸡场及肉用种鸡养殖专业户有一定的借鉴指导作用。

Study on the dynamic characteristics of flow over building cluster at high Reynolds number by large eddy simulation

In this paper,the dynamic characteristics of building clusters are simulated by large eddy simulation at high Reynolds number for both homogeneous and heterogeneous building clusters.To save the computational cost a channel-like flow model is applied to the urban canopy with free slip condition at the upper boundary.The results show that the domain height is an important parameter for correct evaluation of the dynamic characteristics.The domain height must be greater than 8h(h is the average building height)in order to obtain correct roughness height while displacement height and roughness sublayer are less sensitive to the domain height.The Reynolds number effects on the dynamic characteristics and flow patterns are investigated.The turbulence intensity is stronger inside building cluster at high Reynolds number while turbulence intensity is almost unchanged with Reynolds number above the building cluster.Roughness height increases monotonously with Reynolds number by 20%from Re*=103 to Re*=105 but displacement height is almost unchanged.Within the canopy layer of heterogeneous building clusters,flow structures vary between buildings and turbulence is more active at high Reynolds number.

A composite model for complex building street configuration in a large eddy simulation of local urban atmospheric environment

The wind field and pollutant dispersion are predicted numerically in a local urban area with crowded buildings and heavy traffic.A domain decomposition method is used in the large eddy simulation,in which the urban area is decomposed into a central area,where pollution is the major concern,and a surrounding region,where the pollutant distribution is not important.The composite model is proposed for the complex building-street layout.The fine grid mesh is used to resolve the buildings in the central area while the buildings are treated as roughness elements in the surrounding region where the coarse grids are used.The proposed numerical method is applied to simulate the wind field and pollutant dispersion from vehicle exhaust in the Rua Do Campo area of Macao.The results show that the composite model is an appropriate method for predicting wind field and pollutant dispersion in the crowded building area.

Large eddy simulation of city micro-atmospheric environment

Air quality is one of the important conditions for a better residence life in the populated urban area and it is closed related to the micro-atmospheric environment. Atmospheric environment is controlled by air motion with multi-scales in the city,while air flows in the residence area are of micro-scale atmospheric motion. This paper introduces a modern numerical simulation method,i.e. large eddy simulation(LES) ,for studying micro-atmospheric flows in the city residence area. For the complex flow features in the residence area,the proper application of LES is studied and various numerical methods are compared in order to investigate their effects on the prediction accuracy of micro-atmospheric flows,for instance,roughness elements and immersed boundary method for complex terrain,different subgrid models and so on. The wind field(including turbulence properties) and contaminant dispersion are computed by the proposed method for a model and a realistic residence area,and the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements.

MEASUREMENTS AND THEORETICAL STUDY ON GROWTH RATES OF TURBULENT WIND WAVES

The spatial growth of turbulent wind waves is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Introduction of wave induced turbulent Reynolds stress, in particu- lar at the average interface, makes great improvement in the prediction of wind wave properties.