【目的】了解不同水肥处理竹叶花椒耐涝特性,以制定合理的水肥管理措施提高竹叶花椒耐涝性。【方法】以竹叶花椒为试验材料,采用四因素四水平正交试验设计(田间持水量:20%、40%、60%和80%,氮肥:0、75、150、300 kg N/hm^2、磷肥0、30、6...【目的】了解不同水肥处理竹叶花椒耐涝特性,以制定合理的水肥管理措施提高竹叶花椒耐涝性。【方法】以竹叶花椒为试验材料,采用四因素四水平正交试验设计(田间持水量:20%、40%、60%和80%,氮肥:0、75、150、300 kg N/hm^2、磷肥0、30、60、120 kg P_2O_5/hm^2,钾肥0、75、150、300 kg K_2O/hm^2),通过水肥处理盆栽90 d后测定淹水0、1、3、5 d后植株叶片抗氧化酶活性和外观表型及排水后植株恢复情况,并运用隶属函数法进行各水肥处理植株耐涝性综合评价。【结果】在淹水胁迫过程中,T12处理植株叶片受害程度最轻,耐涝性最强;T8、T9、T10、T11和T12处理排水后期可恢复正常生长,而其余处理植株均死亡。淹水胁迫期间,各水肥耦合植株叶片SOD活性呈上升趋势;POD和CAT活性呈先上升后下降趋势,最大值出现在淹水第3天;MDA含量呈逐渐增加趋势。【结论】耐涝性综合值随田间持水量(FWC)及氮、磷和钾施用量的增加呈先增加后下降趋势,估算出在63%FWC、275 kg N/hm^2、95 kg P_2O_5/hm^2和275 kg K_2O/hm^2水肥管理条件下植株可获得较高的耐涝性综合值。合理的土壤水分含量和N、P、K肥料施用量是提高竹叶花椒耐涝性的关键。展开更多
Mitogen activated protein kinases （MAPK） cascades based on protein phosphorylation play an important role in plant growth and development. In this study, we have identified 15 putative members of the wheat MAPK gene...Mitogen activated protein kinases （MAPK） cascades based on protein phosphorylation play an important role in plant growth and development. In this study, we have identified 15 putative members of the wheat MAPK gene （TaMPK） family through an in silico search of wheat expressed sequence tags （EST） databases based on the presence of amino acid sequence of Arabidopsis and rice MAPKs. Phylogenetic analyses of MAPKs from wheat, rice and Arabidopsis genomes have classified them into seven subgroups （A, B, C, D, E, F, and G）. Using the available EST information as a source of expression data, the MAPK family genes from Triticum aestivum were detected in diverse tissues. Further expression analysis of the MAPKs in NCBI EST database revealed that their transcripts were most abundant in callus （20%）, followed by leaf （12%） and inflorescence （12%）. Most MAPK family genes showed some tissue specificity.展开更多
With the application of hybrid wheat, lodging is becoming one of the major factors limiting high yield in its production. However,few studies have focused on combining ability and heterosis analysis of stem-related tr...With the application of hybrid wheat, lodging is becoming one of the major factors limiting high yield in its production. However,few studies have focused on combining ability and heterosis analysis of stem-related traits. In this study, 24 crosses were made according to NCII genetic design, using the three(photo-sensitive male sterile lines)×eight(restorer lines) incomplete diallel crosses. The length of basal second internode(LBSI) and breaking strength of basal second internode(BSBSI)as well as other stem-related traits were used to perform the principal component analysis(PCA), combining ability and heterosis analysis. The PCA results showed that the variables could be classified into two main factors, which were named as the positive factor(factor 1) and the negative factor(factor 2), and accounted for 52.3 and 33.2%, respectively, of the total variance in different variables, combined with the analysis for index weight indicated that the factor 1-related traits play positive roles in lodging resistance formation of hybrids. Combining ability variance analysis indicated that its genetic performance was mainly dominated by additive gene effects, and the hybrid combinations with higher lodging resistance can be selected by using of 14 GF6085(R1), 14 GF6343-2(R4), 14 GF6937(R6), 14 GF7433-1(R7), and BS1086(M3),which are with the features with lower general combining ability(GCA) effects of factor 2-related traits whereas higher GCA effects of factor 1-related traits. The heterosis analysis showed that the wide range of heterosis varied with the traits and combinations, and GCA or specific combining ability(SCA) effects of factor 1-related traits except wall thickness of basal second internode(WTBSI) were positively and closely related to the heterosis of lodging resistance. Generally, the correlation coefficients of heterosis to GCA effects of sterile lines(GCAm) of factor 1-related traits are significantly higher than that to GCA of restorer lines(GCAr) and SCA, combined with the higher GCAm variance values of factor 1-related traits compared to GCAr, the GCAm of factor 1-related traits should be particularly considered when breeding hybrid combinations.The heritability analysis showed that the narrow-sense heritability of the diameter of basal second internode(DBSI) and the center of gravity height(TCGH) were obviously lower(<60%) than other traits, suggesting that these two traits were suitable for selection in higher generation for parental breeding. These could provide a theoretical basis for parental breeding and heterosis utilization of lodging resistance.展开更多
Assessment of variety distinctness is important for both the registration and the protection of particular variety. However, the current testing system, which assesses a range of morphological characters of each pair ...Assessment of variety distinctness is important for both the registration and the protection of particular variety. However, the current testing system, which assesses a range of morphological characters of each pair of varieties grown side-by-side, is time-consuming and is not suitable for the assessment of hundreds of samples. The objective of this study was to develop a procedure for the assessment of wheat variety distinctness using simple sequence repeat（SSR） markers. A comparison between the molecular and morphological profile of 797 varieties was made. On the basis of the comparison, pairs of varieties with a genetic similarity value（GSV） ≤90% were deemed to be distinct, accounting for ~85% of varieties assessed in wheat regional trials. For the remaining ~15% of varieties, GSVs between different varieties were 〉90%, among which ~35% were not distinct and the other ~65% were distinct. Therefore, if given a GSV〉90%, the pairs of varieties should be morphologically assessed in the field. To avoid any errors in the assessments, we proposed the elimination of contaminant plants from the sample before comparing the varietal genotypes, scoring of the genotype at each locus with a pair of allele numbers when constructing a molecular profile, and faithfully recording two alleles at a non-homozygous locus. To reduce the workload and cost, a three-grade markers comparison among varieties is suggested. In addition, 80 SSR markers and a technical procedure for assessment of wheat variety distinctness have been proposed. Based on the procedure, the distinctness assessment of ~85% of all wheat varieties is completed in our laboratory annually. Consequently, total field assessment has been reduced considerably.展开更多
文摘【目的】了解不同水肥处理竹叶花椒耐涝特性,以制定合理的水肥管理措施提高竹叶花椒耐涝性。【方法】以竹叶花椒为试验材料,采用四因素四水平正交试验设计(田间持水量:20%、40%、60%和80%,氮肥:0、75、150、300 kg N/hm^2、磷肥0、30、60、120 kg P_2O_5/hm^2,钾肥0、75、150、300 kg K_2O/hm^2),通过水肥处理盆栽90 d后测定淹水0、1、3、5 d后植株叶片抗氧化酶活性和外观表型及排水后植株恢复情况,并运用隶属函数法进行各水肥处理植株耐涝性综合评价。【结果】在淹水胁迫过程中,T12处理植株叶片受害程度最轻,耐涝性最强;T8、T9、T10、T11和T12处理排水后期可恢复正常生长,而其余处理植株均死亡。淹水胁迫期间,各水肥耦合植株叶片SOD活性呈上升趋势;POD和CAT活性呈先上升后下降趋势,最大值出现在淹水第3天;MDA含量呈逐渐增加趋势。【结论】耐涝性综合值随田间持水量(FWC)及氮、磷和钾施用量的增加呈先增加后下降趋势,估算出在63%FWC、275 kg N/hm^2、95 kg P_2O_5/hm^2和275 kg K_2O/hm^2水肥管理条件下植株可获得较高的耐涝性综合值。合理的土壤水分含量和N、P、K肥料施用量是提高竹叶花椒耐涝性的关键。
基金supported by the Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding Major Projects, China (2008ZX08002-002, 2008ZX08002-003, 2008ZX08002-004)the Beijing Technical Nova Project, China (2007B056, 2008B035)+2 种基金the Excellence Scholar Fostered Program of Beijing Government,China (20081D0200500050)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China (5102016)Young Foundation Project of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Scientific Research, China
文摘Mitogen activated protein kinases （MAPK） cascades based on protein phosphorylation play an important role in plant growth and development. In this study, we have identified 15 putative members of the wheat MAPK gene （TaMPK） family through an in silico search of wheat expressed sequence tags （EST） databases based on the presence of amino acid sequence of Arabidopsis and rice MAPKs. Phylogenetic analyses of MAPKs from wheat, rice and Arabidopsis genomes have classified them into seven subgroups （A, B, C, D, E, F, and G）. Using the available EST information as a source of expression data, the MAPK family genes from Triticum aestivum were detected in diverse tissues. Further expression analysis of the MAPKs in NCBI EST database revealed that their transcripts were most abundant in callus （20%）, followed by leaf （12%） and inflorescence （12%）. Most MAPK family genes showed some tissue specificity.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0101601)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(6194035)the Training Programme Foundation for the Beijing Municipal Excellent Talents,China(2017000020060G130)。
文摘With the application of hybrid wheat, lodging is becoming one of the major factors limiting high yield in its production. However,few studies have focused on combining ability and heterosis analysis of stem-related traits. In this study, 24 crosses were made according to NCII genetic design, using the three(photo-sensitive male sterile lines)×eight(restorer lines) incomplete diallel crosses. The length of basal second internode(LBSI) and breaking strength of basal second internode(BSBSI)as well as other stem-related traits were used to perform the principal component analysis(PCA), combining ability and heterosis analysis. The PCA results showed that the variables could be classified into two main factors, which were named as the positive factor(factor 1) and the negative factor(factor 2), and accounted for 52.3 and 33.2%, respectively, of the total variance in different variables, combined with the analysis for index weight indicated that the factor 1-related traits play positive roles in lodging resistance formation of hybrids. Combining ability variance analysis indicated that its genetic performance was mainly dominated by additive gene effects, and the hybrid combinations with higher lodging resistance can be selected by using of 14 GF6085(R1), 14 GF6343-2(R4), 14 GF6937(R6), 14 GF7433-1(R7), and BS1086(M3),which are with the features with lower general combining ability(GCA) effects of factor 2-related traits whereas higher GCA effects of factor 1-related traits. The heterosis analysis showed that the wide range of heterosis varied with the traits and combinations, and GCA or specific combining ability(SCA) effects of factor 1-related traits except wall thickness of basal second internode(WTBSI) were positively and closely related to the heterosis of lodging resistance. Generally, the correlation coefficients of heterosis to GCA effects of sterile lines(GCAm) of factor 1-related traits are significantly higher than that to GCA of restorer lines(GCAr) and SCA, combined with the higher GCAm variance values of factor 1-related traits compared to GCAr, the GCAm of factor 1-related traits should be particularly considered when breeding hybrid combinations.The heritability analysis showed that the narrow-sense heritability of the diameter of basal second internode(DBSI) and the center of gravity height(TCGH) were obviously lower(<60%) than other traits, suggesting that these two traits were suitable for selection in higher generation for parental breeding. These could provide a theoretical basis for parental breeding and heterosis utilization of lodging resistance.
基金funded by the Innovation Platform for Basic Research in Breeding of Beijing, China (D08070500690801)the Science and Technology Innovation Ability Construction Projects,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, China (KJCX20140202)
文摘Assessment of variety distinctness is important for both the registration and the protection of particular variety. However, the current testing system, which assesses a range of morphological characters of each pair of varieties grown side-by-side, is time-consuming and is not suitable for the assessment of hundreds of samples. The objective of this study was to develop a procedure for the assessment of wheat variety distinctness using simple sequence repeat（SSR） markers. A comparison between the molecular and morphological profile of 797 varieties was made. On the basis of the comparison, pairs of varieties with a genetic similarity value（GSV） ≤90% were deemed to be distinct, accounting for ~85% of varieties assessed in wheat regional trials. For the remaining ~15% of varieties, GSVs between different varieties were 〉90%, among which ~35% were not distinct and the other ~65% were distinct. Therefore, if given a GSV〉90%, the pairs of varieties should be morphologically assessed in the field. To avoid any errors in the assessments, we proposed the elimination of contaminant plants from the sample before comparing the varietal genotypes, scoring of the genotype at each locus with a pair of allele numbers when constructing a molecular profile, and faithfully recording two alleles at a non-homozygous locus. To reduce the workload and cost, a three-grade markers comparison among varieties is suggested. In addition, 80 SSR markers and a technical procedure for assessment of wheat variety distinctness have been proposed. Based on the procedure, the distinctness assessment of ~85% of all wheat varieties is completed in our laboratory annually. Consequently, total field assessment has been reduced considerably.
