开发与应用CO_(2)捕集-加氢转化一体化技术是应对当前全球气候变化危机、实现“双碳”目标的重要途径之一。其中具有吸附和催化组分的双功能材料研发与优化是技术核心。系统总结了国内外主要科研机构对应用于CO_(2)捕集原位甲烷化和原...开发与应用CO_(2)捕集-加氢转化一体化技术是应对当前全球气候变化危机、实现“双碳”目标的重要途径之一。其中具有吸附和催化组分的双功能材料研发与优化是技术核心。系统总结了国内外主要科研机构对应用于CO_(2)捕集原位甲烷化和原位逆水煤气变换这2类主要CO_(2)捕集-加氢转化一体化技术双功能材料的主要工作,包括合成方法、吸附性能、反应动力学、促进机理、失活机理和应用模式等方面,并详细介绍了国内外主要科研机构在CO_(2)捕集-加氢转化一体化方面取得的最新进展。DFM是兼具催化和吸附组分的复合材料,在催化组分选择上,贵金属催化剂虽然活性高,但成本昂贵,Ni基催化剂成本较低,但还原性较差、在含氧气氛下易失活;在吸附组分选择上,金属氧化物(如CaO、MgO)和碱金属碳酸盐(如Na 2 CO 3、K 2 CO 3)是具有潜力的吸附组分,特别是MgO和CaO因其理论吸附量高而被视为最有前景的吸附组分,尽管面临实际吸附量不理想和循环稳定性差的挑战。目前研究主要通过碱金属熔盐掺杂提升MgO实际吸附量,通过掺杂金属助剂(如La、Co、Fe等)提高CaO吸附剂的循环性能和抗烧结能力。动力学研究表明反应速率高度依赖于H 2分压,通过调节吸附和催化的时间可提高CH 4平均产量。ICCU技术展现出广阔的应用前景,尤其是在钢铁、能源、化工等关键领域。然而,全面评估技术的环境影响,特别是从生命周期评估(LCA)角度,对于全面理解ICCU技术的环境可持续性及其在碳减排中的贡献至关重要。未来,通过持续研究和技术创新,解决现有挑战,ICCU技术有望在工业化应用中取得显著成果,为全球碳减排做出重要贡献。展开更多
Coal-fired power plant is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.The post-combustion capture is a promising method for CO_(2)emission reduction but the high thermal demand is unbearable.To address this issue,...Coal-fired power plant is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.The post-combustion capture is a promising method for CO_(2)emission reduction but the high thermal demand is unbearable.To address this issue,solar thermal energy and CO_(2)capture are jointly integrated into the coal-fired power plant in this study.The solar thermal energy is employed to meet the heat requirement of the CO_(2)capture process,thereby avoiding the electricity loss caused by self-driven CO_(2)capture.Furthermore,the heat released from the carbonation reaction of MgO adsorbent is integrated into the steam Rankine cycle.By partially substituting the extracted steam for feedwater heating,the electricity output of the power plant is further increased.According to the results from the developed model,the system could achieve a CO_(2)capture rate of 86.5%and an electricity output enhancement of 9.8%compared to the reference system,which consists of a self-driven CO_(2)capture coal-fired power plant and PV generation unit.The operational strategy is also optimized and the amount of CO_(2)emission reduction on a typical day is increased by 11.06%.This work shows a way to combine fossil fuels and renewable energy for low carbon emissions and efficient power generation.展开更多
文摘开发与应用CO_(2)捕集-加氢转化一体化技术是应对当前全球气候变化危机、实现“双碳”目标的重要途径之一。其中具有吸附和催化组分的双功能材料研发与优化是技术核心。系统总结了国内外主要科研机构对应用于CO_(2)捕集原位甲烷化和原位逆水煤气变换这2类主要CO_(2)捕集-加氢转化一体化技术双功能材料的主要工作,包括合成方法、吸附性能、反应动力学、促进机理、失活机理和应用模式等方面,并详细介绍了国内外主要科研机构在CO_(2)捕集-加氢转化一体化方面取得的最新进展。DFM是兼具催化和吸附组分的复合材料,在催化组分选择上,贵金属催化剂虽然活性高,但成本昂贵,Ni基催化剂成本较低,但还原性较差、在含氧气氛下易失活;在吸附组分选择上,金属氧化物(如CaO、MgO)和碱金属碳酸盐(如Na 2 CO 3、K 2 CO 3)是具有潜力的吸附组分,特别是MgO和CaO因其理论吸附量高而被视为最有前景的吸附组分,尽管面临实际吸附量不理想和循环稳定性差的挑战。目前研究主要通过碱金属熔盐掺杂提升MgO实际吸附量,通过掺杂金属助剂(如La、Co、Fe等)提高CaO吸附剂的循环性能和抗烧结能力。动力学研究表明反应速率高度依赖于H 2分压,通过调节吸附和催化的时间可提高CH 4平均产量。ICCU技术展现出广阔的应用前景,尤其是在钢铁、能源、化工等关键领域。然而,全面评估技术的环境影响,特别是从生命周期评估(LCA)角度,对于全面理解ICCU技术的环境可持续性及其在碳减排中的贡献至关重要。未来,通过持续研究和技术创新,解决现有挑战,ICCU技术有望在工业化应用中取得显著成果,为全球碳减排做出重要贡献。
基金Financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(5210060338)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52293414)+2 种基金Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(BK20200731)Science and Technology Program of China Huadian Corporation(CHDKJ22-01-23)Jiangsu graduate research and practice innovation project(18120000312321)。
文摘Coal-fired power plant is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.The post-combustion capture is a promising method for CO_(2)emission reduction but the high thermal demand is unbearable.To address this issue,solar thermal energy and CO_(2)capture are jointly integrated into the coal-fired power plant in this study.The solar thermal energy is employed to meet the heat requirement of the CO_(2)capture process,thereby avoiding the electricity loss caused by self-driven CO_(2)capture.Furthermore,the heat released from the carbonation reaction of MgO adsorbent is integrated into the steam Rankine cycle.By partially substituting the extracted steam for feedwater heating,the electricity output of the power plant is further increased.According to the results from the developed model,the system could achieve a CO_(2)capture rate of 86.5%and an electricity output enhancement of 9.8%compared to the reference system,which consists of a self-driven CO_(2)capture coal-fired power plant and PV generation unit.The operational strategy is also optimized and the amount of CO_(2)emission reduction on a typical day is increased by 11.06%.This work shows a way to combine fossil fuels and renewable energy for low carbon emissions and efficient power generation.