慢性肾脏病患者透析前营养状况及营养不良影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)患者透析前营养状况以及营养不良的影响因素。方法选择2018年9月-2019年3月在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院肾病科接受治疗的134例透析前CKD患者作为研究对象,采用主观整体评估量表(subjective global assessment,SGA)评估患者营养状况并分组,收集患者相关临床资料,包括一般资料、病史、营养宣教和治疗等情况,使用多因素有序logistic回归分析筛查CKD患者营养不良的危险因素。结果共纳入CKD患者134例,SGA营养状况评估结果:134例CKD患者中,营养良好者107例(79.9%),轻中度营养不良者20例(14.9%),重度营养不良者7例(5.2%),CKD 1~5期营养不良发生率分别为2例(6.9%)、2例(5.4%)、7例(30.4%)、9例(39.1%)、7例(31.8%),3组间血红蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、肌酐及尿素差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),多因素有序logistic回归分析显示:年龄≥65岁、C-反应蛋白≥3 mg/L、CKD 3~5期及合并糖尿病为CKD患者营养不良的危险因素。结论透析前CKD患者营养不良患病率较高,尤其CKD 3~5期患者,其中年龄≥65岁、C-反应蛋白≥3 mg/L、CKD 3~5期及合并糖尿病是透析前CKD患者营养不良的独立危险因素,因此临床工作中应加强对透析前CKD患者营养不良的认识,注重上述危险因素的筛查,采取积极的营养治疗措施,降低透析前CKD患者营养不良的发生率,改善患者生活质量。

Association of HIV transmissions and non-transmission knowledge with negative attitudes to HIV/AIDS

Background Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immure deficiency syndrome （HIV/AIDS）-related stigma is an obstacle to the implementation of treatment, care, and support programs for people living with HIV/AIDS. This study explored the association of the HIV knowledge with the attitudes toward HIV/AIDS.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in HIV epidemic rural areas with 5355 participants. Their knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS were assessed, and the associations of HIV transmission and non-transmission knowledge with negative attitudes towards the HIV/AIDS were analyzed.Results Negative attitudes were significantly correlated with the HIV non-transmission knowledge and the correlation was higher than that with HIV transmission knowledge among participants who were male, 20 years old and migrant workers, students and respondents of and above junior high school. However, among those who were female, age 30 and older, illiterate with primary school education, negative attitudes were significantly associated with HIV non-transmission knowledge and the association was lower than that with HIV transmission knowledge.Conclusions HIV transmission knowledge and non-transmission knowledge have different influences on negative attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among different demographic subgroups.